1,720,956 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Estratégias para bloquear a transmissão da hanseníase em município hiperendêmico \2013 Mossoró/RN
No full textFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilA hanseníase é um importante problema de saúde pública no mundo com 213.899 casos novos notificados em 2014. No Brasil foram diagnosticados 31.064 casos, com diferentes níveis de endemicidade entre os estados. O Rio Grande do Norte apresenta um dos menores coeficientes de detecção de casos novos (CDCN) da doença no país, com 7,98 casos por 100.000 habitantes em 2014. Apesar disso, em alguns municípios do Estado esse coeficiente é hiperendêmico, como em Mossoró/RN onde este estudo foi realizado. Com o objetivo de executar estratégias para interromper a transmissão do Mycobacterium leprae, realizou-se o mapeamento dos coeficientes de detecção da doença por bairros do município, observando que a endemia é mais frequente em áreas de rápida urbanização e precárias condições de moradia. Duas dessas áreas foram selecionadas para atividades de controle. Em uma delas realizou-se exame de escolares para detectar casos novos da doença e para identificar suas possíveis fontes de infecção. Na outra, realizou-se sorologia para hanseníase em idosos com o objetivo de detectar casos multibacilares (MB) da doença. Em oito escolas 1.385 crianças foram examinadas e 18 novos casos de hanseníase paucibacilar (PB) foram detectados (1,3%). Foram realizadas visitas domiciliares e 160 comunicantes desses casos foram examinados, resultando no diagnóstico de outros seis casos da doença (3,75%). Entre 145 professores e funcionários das escolas nenhum caso foi diagnosticado, mostrando que os contatos sociais não desempenharam papel importante como fonte de infecção para esses escolares. Nove dos comunicantes com hanseníase MB atual ou pregressa foram considerados possíveis fontes de infecção pelo M. leprae; em três desses casos a família das crianças não tinha conhecimento do diagnóstico do contato
Na segunda estratégia realizou-se pesquisa de anticorpos contra o bacilo de Hansen em 504 idosos e dois novos casos de hanseníase MB foram detectados, um deles sem qualquer sinal clínico evidente. Essa estratégia mostrou-se importante pela elevada taxa de detecção de casos MB entre homens idosos (1%). Adicionalmente, os dados de 541.090 casos de hanseníase notificados no Brasil entre 2001-2013 foram analisados, mostrando que o CDCN por faixa etária é influenciado pelos casos MB no sexo masculino. Observou-se que o CDCN da hanseníase MB em homens eleva-se rapidamente após 19 anos de idade atingindo um pico de 44,8/100.000 habitantes entre 65-69 anos. A razão de chances para hanseníase MB foi duas vezes maior para homens em comparação às mulheres, observando-se o mesmo para doentes com 60 ou mais anos de idade comparados aos mais jovens. O estudo demonstrou ainda que a carga bacilar em 2.253 casos diagnosticados na Fiocruz (Rio de Janeiro/RJ) foi significativamente maior em homens do que em mulheres. Esses achados são relevantes e sugerem que estratégias específicas devam ser adotadas para detectar e tratar casos de hanseníase MB nesses grupos populacionais, reduzindo a transmissão da doença. Conclui-se que a busca de casos MB é essencial para interromper a infecção pelo M. leprae na comunidade, mas que esse objetivo não será atingido sem a adoção de políticas públicas que promovam educação em saúde e melhores condições de habitaçãoHansen\2018s disease (HD) is an important public health problem in the world with 213,899 new cases detected in 2014. In Brazil 31,064 new cases were diagnosed with considerable differences in the endemicity level among states. Rio Grande do Norte presents one of the lowest new cases detection rates (NCDR) of the disease in the country, with 7.98 new cases per 100,000 in 2014. Despite this, in some municipalities within the state the NCDR is hyper-endemic, as in Mossoró/RN where this study was conducted. With the objective of developing strategies to halt Mycobacterium leprae transmission, NCDR by municipality neighborhoods were mapped showing that disease occurs more frequently in areas of rapid urbanization and bad housing conditions. Two of these areas were chosen for development of control activities. In one of them school children were surveyed in order to detect new cases of the disease and to identify their possible infection sources. In the other area, serology for HD was carried out in elderly population to detect multibacillary (MB) cases. In eight schools 1,385 children were checked for skin lesions and 18 new cases of paucibacillary (PB) HD were detected (1.3%). Home visits were performed and 160 contacts of these cases were examined, resulting in six additional HD new cases diagnosed (3.75%). Among 145 school teachers and employees no new case was diagnosed, showing that social contacts did not play an important role as source of infection for these school children. Nine of their close contacts with present or past MB disease were considered as a possible source of M. leprae; in three cases the children\2018s family did not know about the contact\2018s diagnosis
The second strategy tested 504 elderly people for specific antibodies against Hansen\2018s bacillus and two new HD MB cases were detected, one of them without any clinical signs of HD disease. This strategy was important because of its high detection rate of MB cases among elderly men (1%). Additionally, data of 541,090 HD cases notified in Brazil from 2001-2013 were analyzed showing that NCDR by age group are mainly influenced by MB cases in male sex. NCDR of males with MB disease increased steeply above 19 years of age and peaked at 44.8/100,000 population in 65-69 years age group. The odds ratio for MB leprosy was twice higher for men compared to women and the same was observed for patients aged 60 or more years old compared to younger cases. Moreover, this study showed that bacillary load from 2,253 HD cases diagnosed at Fiocruz (Rio de Janeiro/RJ) was significantly higher in male than in female patients. These findings are relevant and suggest that specific strategies should be adopted to diagnose and treat MB cases in these population groups, reducing disease transmission. We conclude that active search for MB cases is essential to halt M. leprae transmission, but this objective will not be attained without adoption of public policies that promote health education and improvements in habitation condition
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Estratégias para bloquear a transmissão da hanseníase em município hiperendêmico \2013 Mossoró/RN
No full textA hanseníase é um importante problema de saúde pública no mundo com 213.899 casos novos notificados em 2014. No Brasil foram diagnosticados 31.064 casos, com diferentes níveis de endemicidade entre os estados. O Rio Grande do Norte apresenta um dos menores coeficientes de detecção de casos novos (CDCN) da doença no país, com 7,98 casos por 100.000 habitantes em 2014. Apesar disso, em alguns municípios do Estado esse coeficiente é hiperendêmico, como em Mossoró/RN onde este estudo foi realizado. Com o objetivo de executar estratégias para interromper a transmissão do Mycobacterium leprae, realizou-se o mapeamento dos coeficientes de detecção da doença por bairros do município, observando que a endemia é mais frequente em áreas de rápida urbanização e precárias condições de moradia. Duas dessas áreas foram selecionadas para atividades de controle. Em uma delas realizou-se exame de escolares para detectar casos novos da doença e para identificar suas possíveis fontes de infecção. Na outra, realizou-se sorologia para hanseníase em idosos com o objetivo de detectar casos multibacilares (MB) da doença. Em oito escolas 1.385 crianças foram examinadas e 18 novos casos de hanseníase paucibacilar (PB) foram detectados (1,3%). Foram realizadas visitas domiciliares e 160 comunicantes desses casos foram examinados, resultando no diagnóstico de outros seis casos da doença (3,75%). Entre 145 professores e funcionários das escolas nenhum caso foi diagnosticado, mostrando que os contatos sociais não desempenharam papel importante como fonte de infecção para esses escolares. Nove dos comunicantes com hanseníase MB atual ou pregressa foram considerados possíveis fontes de infecção pelo M. leprae; em três desses casos a família das crianças não tinha conhecimento do diagnóstico do contato
Na segunda estratégia realizou-se pesquisa de anticorpos contra o bacilo de Hansen em 504 idosos e dois novos casos de hanseníase MB foram detectados, um deles sem qualquer sinal clínico evidente. Essa estratégia mostrou-se importante pela elevada taxa de detecção de casos MB entre homens idosos (1%). Adicionalmente, os dados de 541.090 casos de hanseníase notificados no Brasil entre 2001-2013 foram analisados, mostrando que o CDCN por faixa etária é influenciado pelos casos MB no sexo masculino. Observou-se que o CDCN da hanseníase MB em homens eleva-se rapidamente após 19 anos de idade atingindo um pico de 44,8/100.000 habitantes entre 65-69 anos. A razão de chances para hanseníase MB foi duas vezes maior para homens em comparação às mulheres, observando-se o mesmo para doentes com 60 ou mais anos de idade comparados aos mais jovens. O estudo demonstrou ainda que a carga bacilar em 2.253 casos diagnosticados na Fiocruz (Rio de Janeiro/RJ) foi significativamente maior em homens do que em mulheres. Esses achados são relevantes e sugerem que estratégias específicas devam ser adotadas para detectar e tratar casos de hanseníase MB nesses grupos populacionais, reduzindo a transmissão da doença. Conclui-se que a busca de casos MB é essencial para interromper a infecção pelo M. leprae na comunidade, mas que esse objetivo não será atingido sem a adoção de políticas públicas que promovam educação em saúde e melhores condições de habitaçãoHansen\2018s disease (HD) is an important public health problem in the world with 213,899 new cases detected in 2014. In Brazil 31,064 new cases were diagnosed with considerable differences in the endemicity level among states. Rio Grande do Norte presents one of the lowest new cases detection rates (NCDR) of the disease in the country, with 7.98 new cases per 100,000 in 2014. Despite this, in some municipalities within the state the NCDR is hyper-endemic, as in Mossoró/RN where this study was conducted. With the objective of developing strategies to halt Mycobacterium leprae transmission, NCDR by municipality neighborhoods were mapped showing that disease occurs more frequently in areas of rapid urbanization and bad housing conditions. Two of these areas were chosen for development of control activities. In one of them school children were surveyed in order to detect new cases of the disease and to identify their possible infection sources. In the other area, serology for HD was carried out in elderly population to detect multibacillary (MB) cases. In eight schools 1,385 children were checked for skin lesions and 18 new cases of paucibacillary (PB) HD were detected (1.3%). Home visits were performed and 160 contacts of these cases were examined, resulting in six additional HD new cases diagnosed (3.75%). Among 145 school teachers and employees no new case was diagnosed, showing that social contacts did not play an important role as source of infection for these school children. Nine of their close contacts with present or past MB disease were considered as a possible source of M. leprae; in three cases the children\2018s family did not know about the contact\2018s diagnosis
The second strategy tested 504 elderly people for specific antibodies against Hansen\2018s bacillus and two new HD MB cases were detected, one of them without any clinical signs of HD disease. This strategy was important because of its high detection rate of MB cases among elderly men (1%). Additionally, data of 541,090 HD cases notified in Brazil from 2001-2013 were analyzed showing that NCDR by age group are mainly influenced by MB cases in male sex. NCDR of males with MB disease increased steeply above 19 years of age and peaked at 44.8/100,000 population in 65-69 years age group. The odds ratio for MB leprosy was twice higher for men compared to women and the same was observed for patients aged 60 or more years old compared to younger cases. Moreover, this study showed that bacillary load from 2,253 HD cases diagnosed at Fiocruz (Rio de Janeiro/RJ) was significantly higher in male than in female patients. These findings are relevant and suggest that specific strategies should be adopted to diagnose and treat MB cases in these population groups, reducing disease transmission. We conclude that active search for MB cases is essential to halt M. leprae transmission, but this objective will not be attained without adoption of public policies that promote health education and improvements in habitation condition
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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