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Designing of automated grain packaging line
No full textMagistritöö
Tehnika ja tehnoloogia õppekavalVilja pakendamise protsess väiksemates tootmisüksustes on sageli käsitsi teostatav,
tööjõumahukas ja eksimustele avatud. Sarnaseid süsteeme on varasemalt automatiseeritud
peamiselt suurettevõtetes, kus kasutatakse kalleid ja universaalseid lahendusi, kuid
väiksemahuliste vajaduste jaoks sobivad lahendused on seni jäänud harvaks.
Töö eesmärk oli projekteerida väikese tootmismahu jaoks sobiv automatiseeritud teravilja
pakendusliin, mis vähendab käsitöömahtu, suurendab protsessi korduvust ning võimaldab
süsteemi juhtimist ühe operaatoriga.
Töö koostamisel kasutati olemasoleva süsteemi tehnilist teavet, Siemens LOGO!
kontrolleri simulatsioonikeskkonda ning reaalseadmete spetsifikatsioone. Metoodika
hõlmas loogikapõhist juhtimisploki disaini, sisend-väljundskeemide koostamist ning
pneumaatiliste ja elektriliste süsteemide ühendamist ühtsesse toimivasse lahendusse.
Töö tulemusena valmis lahendus, mis võimaldab tühjade suurkottide automaatset
etteandmist, täitmist kaalu alusel ning edasitransporti. Süsteem hõlmab fotoandureid,
kaalumooduleid, elektromootoreid ning pneumaatilist kinnitust, mida juhitakse
programmeeritava loogikakontrolleri kaudu. Kavandatud süsteem vähendab vajadust
kahe operaatori järele ning sobib kasutamiseks reaalsetes tingimustes. Lahendus pakub
potentsiaali edasiseks täiustamiseks, näiteks kaugjuhtimise ja andmeloogika laiendamise
kaudu.The grain packaging process in small-scale production units is often manual, laborintensive,
and prone to errors. While similar systems have previously been automated in
large enterprises using expensive and standardized solutions, suitable systems for smaller
operations remain rare.
The aim of this thesis was to design an automated grain packaging line suitable for lower
production volumes, reducing manual labor, improving process consistency, and enabling
operation by a single operator.
The methodology involved using existing system documentation, the Siemens LOGO!
simulation environment, and real device specifications. The control system was developed
using logic-based control block design, input-output mapping, and integration of
pneumatic and electrical components into a cohesive solution.
As a result, a system was created that allows automatic feeding of empty big bags, weightbased
filling, and onward transport of the filled bags. The system includes photoelectric
sensors, weighing modules, electric motors, and pneumatic clamps — all managed
through a programmable logic controller. The solution reduces the need for two operators
and is ready for use in real conditions. It also offers future development potential, such as
remote control and data-based enhancements
Development of store loader TZK-30
Get PDFAutor vormistas antud lõputöö selliselt, kus töö esimeses pooles tutvustati laaduri ajalugu ja vajalikkust inimestele. Teises pooles keskenduti probleemile, kuidas muuta objekt tänapäevaste laaduritega sama uuenduslikuks.
Esimeses osas tutvustati eesmärke ja põhjendati, millest on selline teema ajendatud. Selgitati, miks on otstarbekam uuendada olemasolevat laadurit. Põhjendati automatiseerimise olulisust väike ettevõtjate jaoks.
Teises osas toodi välja laaduri vajalikkus FIE Väino Olevi kartulihoidla näitel, kus on madalad ja kitsad tingimused ning põllutöömasinatega manööverdamine piiratud. Osutati ajaloolisele taustale, sest tegemist on kohaliku riigi toodanguga ning seda võib pidada rahvuslikus mõttes oluliseks. Lisaks toodi välja välismaiste laadurite omapärad, eelised ja puudused. Võrreldi TZK-30-ga ning tehti järeldused, millises suunas võiks toimuda laaduri arendus.
Töö kolmandas osas võrreldi erinevaid võimalusi ja alternatiive, kuidas saaks kompenseerida TZK-30 suurima puudujäägi, noole pööramismehhanismi automatiseerimise. Analüüsiti hüdraulilise ja elektrilise ajami negatiivseid ja positiivseid külgi ning pakuti välja lahendusi, kuidas oleks kõige otstarbekam pööramist teostada. Samuti toodi välja hetkel laaduril toimivad hüdro- ja elektriskeemid, mida arenduse käigus muudetakse või kuhu lisatakse ahelaid juurde.
Neljandas osas analüüsiti põhjalikult hüdraulilise silindriga pööramise lahendust. Toodi välja variandid, kuidas seda teostada ning elektrooniliselt juhtida. Koostati skeemid elektri- ja hüdrosüsteemide lisa ahelate jaoks. Viidi läbi katsetus määramaks vajalikud jõumomendid. Sellest tulenevalt arvutati välja silindri poolt rakendatavad jõud ja –momendid. Lisaks osutati võimalikele ohukohtadele, mida peab jälgima valides ja installeerides silindrit, näiteks survenurk. Toodi välja kolme põhiasendi skeemid, kus on näidatud silindri asendid ning nurgad nii noole, liikumise, jõu mõjumissuuna kui laaduri vahel. Nende põhjal saab visuaalse ülevaate, kuidas välditakse surnud seisu ja ebasoovitud suunalist liikumist.
Viiendas peatükis analüüsiti majanduslikku efektiivsust ning toodi välja automatiseerimise maksumus. Põhjendati, miks ei saa määrata rentaablust, vaid selgitati, et uuenduse tulemusena paraneb töökvaliteet, suureneb ajavõit, ülevaade protsessist ning mugavus. Automatiseerimine vähendab oluliselt laadimise erikulu ja suurendab tootlikkust. Andmete analüüsi käigus selgus, et laadurit on otstarbekas automatiseerida ja arendada, sest konstruktsioon on tugev ja lihtne, kuid tehnilised lahendused on aegunud ning neid on võimalik vajadusel ümber ehitada. Nendest kahele põhilisele ajami tüübile keskendudes pakkus autor välja võimalused, kuidas noole pööramine automatiseerida elektri- ja hüdroajamiga. Hüdroajami puhul toodi välja detailne plaan, kuidas seda teostada ning millised muudatused on vaja sisse viia.This Bachelor’s thesis is about how to develop the store loader TZK-30. It’s created because
in today’s life everything is getting more automated and this work is showing that it’s possible
and sometime cheaper to automate old but still good and trustful technique. This work brings
out what’s different between new and old loaders and shows ways how to upgrade TZK-30.
The focus is mostly on the outrigger turning mechanism, which is at the moment manually
reversible. The purpose is to bring out variable methods and its positive and negative sides
and best installation ways.
This work also brings out the best way to install hydraulic cylinder for outrigger turning and
shows the forces and moments what are made by the cylinder. For leading the system there is
worked out a hydro scheme, which can be easily automated for radio remote or control board.
The purpose is to make operators life easier and to have a better overview over the process
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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