22 research outputs found
Kedrovyi Sor : la vie quotidienne dans un camp du goulag à l'époque stalinienne
No full textKedrovyi Sor: daily life in a Gulag camp during the Stalinist period, Oleg Azarov.
Our knowledge of the Soviet concentration camp universe is beginning to be nourished by direct access to archives. The author, a young Russian scholar, has been able to work on a rich collection of documents concerning the camp of Kedrovyi Sor, in the Pečora bassin. Through his study of the camp's administrative structure, its financial operation and its economic activities, and through an analysis of the inmates and their living conditions, he provides, almost in the raw, a concrete and precise description of the daily functioning of a Stalinist camp from the early 1930s to the 1950s.Azarov Oleg, Laurent Natacha. Kedrovyi Sor : la vie quotidienne dans un camp du goulag à l'époque stalinienne. In: Vingtième Siècle, revue d'histoire, n°43, juillet-septembre 1994. Dossier : Histoire au présent de la "political correctness" pp. 69-87
“Smenovekhovtsy” Movement and Realities of Soviet Society of 1920-ies
No full textThe issues linked with the emergence of “smenovekhovtsy” movement among the Russian emigration in the early 1920-ies are considered. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the key position of “smenovekhovtsy” ideology about the inevitable rebirth of the Bolshevik regime in conditions of implementation of the new economic policy (NEP). The author dwells on the reasons for the formation of “smenovekhovtsy” ideas about the future of the country. It is shown that these views did not correspond to the political and socio-economic realities of Soviet society in the 1920-ies. Attention is paid to the evaluation of “smenovekhovtsy” ideology in the light of political struggle in the administration of the Bolshevik party in the period under review. The question of the moral choice of the Russian intelligentsia is raised in connection with the question of the need for cooperation with the Bolsheviks raised by “smenovekhovtsy”. A review of the correspondence of the most famous ideologist of “smenovekhovtsy” N. V. Ustryalov with his personal friend N. A. Tsurikov is made. The author proceeds from the fact that this correspondence is one of the most striking examples of the depth and dramatic split among Russian immigrants in the 1920-ies. It is concluded that the illusory and erroneous ideas about the prospects of development of Soviet society became the cause of the tragic personal fate for many of “smenovekhovtsy” who returned home from exile and became the victims of Stalinist repression of the 1930-ies
Improving the Computational Model for Approximation of Particle Functions over Diameter of Dust in the Work Area and at the Border of the Sanitary Protection Zone
No full textAbstractThis paper describes the basic ways of solving the problem of experimental data approximation. Disperse composition of crushed gypsum dust was analyzed; the analysis results are presented herein. Approximating function of particulate dust composition function is a piecewise function, defined as a three-tier spline “direct-parabola-hyperbole.” The approximation aims at finding seven function factors and two nodal points. The least square method was used to estimate the unknown parameters of regression models for the sample data. To apply this method to experimental data, a program complex calculation models for the approximation of the integral representation of the mass distribution function of particles in the dust diameter in CAS Maple was presented. It defines a function that describes the distribution of the particulate composition of the dust released from the open warehouse storage of crushed gypsum rock with the smallest error
Environmental and Working Area Dust Emission from the Gypsum Warehouse
No full textAbstractThe work analyses the emissions analysis for gypsum binder production. The major air pollutant is the suspended solids composed of a mixture of particles in air, which can be either solid or liquid and be a complex mixture of organic and inorganic substances. Studies have shown that excessive concentrations of inorganic dust (gypsum dust) generated by the open gypsum warehouse storage and thus the contribution of emission sources into total concentration of inorganic dust (dust plaster) average vary from 66,28% to 87,67%. The highest excessive concentrations of inorganic dust are registered at the border of regulated areas: up to 20% SiO2 (plaster dust) (from 5,9 to 16,0 shares of maximum allowable concentration (MAC))
Study of Urban Atmosphere Harmful Substances Adsorption into Cement
No full textAbstractThe ecological safety issues of building materials are the most important area nowadays. The impact of different substances and materials on human organism is the major point for emission control of building industry enterprises. One of the main factors can be building dust that could be presented as cement. For that purpose the qualitative and quantitative composition of samples and its adsorption capacity should be known. The article presents a comparative analysis of dust and cement. Quantitative characteristics of adsorption activity of different branded cements (CEM-I 42.5N, CEM-II/A-SH 42.5N, PC 500-D0-N) are shown. The impact of atmosphere humidity on static adsorption capacity of selected samples at specified temperature was estimated
Monitoring of Fine Particulate Air Pollution as a Factor in Urban Planning Decisions
No full textAbstractThe article substantiates the importance of assessing air pollution when making town-planning decisions. It focuses on the composition of fine dust. The article considers the issues of describing dust concentration using the theory of stationary random functions. Such approach allows not only to obtain the characteristics of the particulate composition of dust in the air, but also to determine a number of additional parameters, namely, mean residence time of fractional concentration above the predetermined level, the average number of times when fractional concentration per time unit exceeds the standard. The article offers the methods and calculations of probability of dust concentration exceeding hygienic standards by the example of three districts of Volgograd. The results of these calculations are presented. Based on this research, several industries in the city received recommendations to reduce their emissions into the atmosphere
Public and dispositive segments of abuse of the subjective right: interdisciplinary look.
No full textУДК 343.12The subject. The article is devoted to the analysis of a phenomenon "abuse of the right" from a position of the public and dispositive beginnings of his manifestation.The purpose of this article is to consider public and dispositive principles of abuse of the right in the scope of legal theory to qualify this phenomenon in criminal proceedings properly.Methodology. The author use methods of theoretical analysis and interdisciplinary approach as well as legal methods, including formal legal method and comparative law.Results, scope of it’s application. The authors note that the use of the advantages offered by abuse of the right is initially inherent only for the defending party in criminal proceedings.Abuse of the right in the procedural segment of disposition appears in the implementation of the right to protection in the criminal procedure as well as in the implementation of almost any rights in the civil proceedings.The main resource of publicity is realized exclusively by the courts in the civil procedure as well as by all government entities and officials in the criminal process. That’s why abuse of the right is interdicted by the activity of the court in civil procedure.The imperative method of legal regulation of public relations, that is the basis of publicity, is in fact one of the ways of prevention and suppression of abuse of rights. The disposition method, that is the basis of competition in legal relations, is a catalyst for the creation of situations of possible abuse of rights.Abuse of rights is manifested first and foremost in terms of the disposition, moreover – the higher the level of disposition in the particular branch of law provokes the greater likelihood of abuse of the right. Publicity limits disposition and, therefore, the possibility of abuse of the right.Conclusions. Legal institute of abuse of right requires early normative entrenchment in the criminal process. It should contain specific grounds for restricting specific rights, which is abused by party of procedure.The authors allow only one kind of liability for abuse of rights: a temporary restriction of the subjective rights of participants in criminal procedure on a very short term. It can be used only for systematic abuse of this right. Only court should have an authority for such restriction, taking into account prior notification of the supervising Procurator
On Relations between Russia and Europe in ХVII–XVIII Centuries
No full textThe article is devoted to the analysis of the transformation of Russian international position in the XVII–XVIII centuries and to the change of the status of Russia in perception by Europeans from external, rather «Asian» state to European, though in many respects alien and obscure, power. In the article the main milestones of the European policy of Russia, features of its relations with Europe within the Westphalian system of the international relations are conceptually tracked. The attention is paid to the questions of the large-scale Russian army reorganization, the military industry development. Changes in the character and methods of the Russian foreign policy, particularly readiness of the government to allow country’s participation in the international agreements and unions, are noted. Diplomacy received recognition as one of the most important directions in the state activities. From the second half of the XVIII century Russia actively participated in maintenance of the European balance, no large European problem was solved without direct or indirect participation of Russia. Nevertheless, according to the author of article, it is impossible to speak about organic inclusion of Russia in the European relations’ system because in the European ruling circles and public consciousness Russia was perceived as something alien, external towards EuropeСтатья посвящена анализу трансформации международного положения Российского государства в XVII–XVIII веках, изменению его статуса в восприятии европейцев от внешнего, скорее «азиатского», государства до европейской, хотя и во многом чуждой и малопонятной, державы. В статье концептуально прослежены основные вехи европейской политики России, особенности ее взаимоотношений с Европой в рамках Вестфальской системы международных отношений. Уделяется внимание вопросам масштабной реорганизации русской армии, развития военной промышленности. Отмечаются изменения в характере и методах внешней политики России, в частности готовность правительства допускать участие страны в международных соглашениях и союзах. Дипломатия получила признание как важнейшее направление государственной деятельности. Со второй половины XVIII века Россия активно участвовала в поддержании европейского баланса, ни одна крупная европейская проблема не решалась без прямого или косвенного участия России. Тем не менее, по мнению автора статьи, нельзя говорить об органичном включении России в систему европейских отношений, поскольку в европейских правящих кругах и общественном сознании Россия воспринималась как нечто чуждое, внешнее по отношению к Европ
Pitirim Sorokin about Impact of Civil War on Russian Society Condition
No full textThe article is devoted to the investigation of the heritage of the famous Russian scientist Pitirim Aleksandrovich Sorokin, forcibly expelled from Soviet Russia in August 1922. The main attention is paid to P. Sorokin’s works, published in 1921-1922, in which the scientist attempted to analyze systematically the demographic, socio-economic, political, mental and moral changes in Russian society caused by the revolution and civil war. The attention is drawn to the profundity of P. Sorokin’s research. The author not only analyzes the situation in the country in the early years of NEP, but also tries to understand the global impact of the military-revolutionary upheavals of 1914-1921, their possible impact on the development prospects of the Russian state and society. The article examines the scientific arguments used by P. Sorokin in support of his thesis about the bankruptcy and the collapse of the main slogans of the revolution of 1917, which were turned into its opposite as a result of civil war. The nature and consequences of P. Sorokin’s polemics with the leader of the Soviet state Bolshevik Party Lenin are showed. By the example of Sorokin’s personal destiny the absolute intolerance to any dissent inherent in the totalitarian regime is considered. It is concluded that, taking into account the realities of the Soviet Union of 1920-1930, the forcible expulsion was the best alternative for P. SorokinСтатья посвящена изучению творческого наследия известного русского учёного Питирима Александровича Сорокина, насильственно высланного из Советской России в августе 1922 года. Главное внимание уделяется работам П. А. Сорокина, опубликованным в 1921-1922 гг., в которых учёный предпринял попытку системного анализа демографических, социально-экономических, политических и духовно-нравственных изменений в российском обществе, произошедших в результате революции и гражданской войны. Обращается внимание на глубину исследований П. А. Сорокина, который не только анализирует положение в стране в первые годы НЭПа, но и пытается осмыслить глобальные последствия военно-революционных потрясений 1914-1921 гг., их возможное влияние на перспективы развития российского общества и государства. В статье рассматриваются научные аргументы, приводимые П. А. Сорокиным в поддержку своего тезиса о банкротстве и крушении основных лозунгов революции 1917 года, превратившихся в результате гражданской войны в свою противоположность. Показаны характер и последствия полемики П. А. Сорокина с руководителем большевистской партии Советского государства В. И. Лениным. На примере личной судьбы П. А. Сорокина рассматривается свойственная тоталитарному режиму абсолютная нетерпимость к любому проявлению инакомыслия. Делается вывод, что с учётом советских реалий 1920-1930-х гг. насильственная высылка из страны стала для П. А. Сорокина лучшим варианто
