1,721,002 research outputs found
Apgar-Scores, Duration of Pregnancy, Birth Weight, and Somatic Classification of Neonates 17th Communication: An Analysis of Newborns From Eight German Federal States Born between 1998 and 2000
No full textAim: We aimed to examine the impact of duration of pregnancy, birth weight, and the somatic classification of neonates - small for gestational age (SGA), appropriate for gestational age (AGA), or large for gestational age (LGA) - on rates of neonatal depression, as demonstrated by low Apgar scores (0-3). Methods: We analysed data from 508 926 singleton births in the years 1998-2000 from the perinatal statistics of eight German federal states (Bavaria, Brandenburg, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-West Pomerania, Lower Saxony, Saxony, Saxony-An-halt, and Thuringia). For the somatic classification of neonates the 10th and 90th birth weight percentiles calculated from our dataset were used. We defined neonates with a birth weight Under the 10th percentile as SGA, those between the 10th and 90th birth weight percentiles as AGA, and those above the 90th percentile as LGA. Results: A low Apgar score (0-3) was observed in 37.3% of very early preterm infants (< 27 weeks' gestation) at 5 minutes and in 34.4% at 10 minutes. For term neonates, such low Apgar-scores were seen in only 0.2% (5-minute Apgar) and 0.1% (10-minute Apgar). An Apgar score of 0-3 was noted for 31.8% (5 minutes) and 29.2% (10 minutes) of extremely small neonates (< 999 g). Only 0.1% of neonates with a birth weight of 3500-3999 g or 4000-4499 g had a low Apgar score (0-3) (after both 5 and 10 minutes). Very early preterm infants classified as SGA or AGA were equally affected by low Apgar scores: 37.2% for both categories at 5 minutes, and 32.7% (SGA) and 34.3%(AGA) at 10 minutes. In very early preterm LGA infants the rates with low Apgar Scores were somewhat smaller: 31.3% (5 minutes) and 27.0% (10 minutes). The figures for early preterm (27-31 weeks' gestation) infants were: a low 5-minute Apgar score in 25.5% of cases (SGA), in 9.1% (AGA), and in 7.8% (LGA) and a low 10-minute Apgar score in 24.4% (SGA), 7.7% (AGA), and 7.0% (LGA). Conclusions: We confirm the association of low Apgar scores with preterm birth and low birth weight. SGA preterm infants are more commonly affected by low Apgar scores compared to AGA and especially LGA preterm infants
Effects of Smoking Specified as Cigarettes per Day and Maternal Body Mass Index on Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
No full textBackground: We have previously described the prevalence in pregnancy of hypertension, proteinuria, oedema and preeclampsia/eclampsia according to maternal body mass index (BMI) and smoking status. We found that these disorders were less frequent among smoking women. To investigate whether this relationship is causal or a chance finding, we here present an analysis according to BMI and smoking specified according to the number of cigarettes consumed per day. Materials and Methods: Data were from the German Perinatal Survey of 1998-2000. We classified women by BMI as underweight (BMI = 30 kg/m(2)). Smoking was categorised as being a non-smoker or smoking 1-7, 8-14 or >= 15 cigarettes per day. Datasets from 433 669 singleton pregnancies with information on maternal BMI and smoking were included in the analysis. Results: In all BMI categories hypertension, moderate to severe oedema, and preeclampsia/eclampsia became less prevalent with increasing maternal cigarette consumption. Dose-dependence was not convincing for proteinuria. Conclusions: Dose-dependence in the relationship between smoking and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy argues against a chance finding and for a causal relationship
Birth weight percentile charts based on daily measurements for very preterm male and female infants at the age of 154-223 days
No full textObjective: Birth weight percentiles based on weekly measurements are used to assess the nutritional status of preterm infants. However, as preterm infants exhibit a rapid growth rate (up to 20 g/kg/day), their body weight can increase by 15% per week. We calculated birth weight percentiles based on daily measurements, to more precisely classify very preterm infants (gestational age of 154-223 days). Methods: Data of 23,864 (10,720 females and 13,144 males) very preterm singleton infants with a gestational age of 154-223 days (22-31 completed weeks) were retrieved from the German perinatal statistics of 1995-2000. Percentile curves based on the empirical birth weight data were subjected to three statistical smoothing procedures: cubic regression, local regression (LOESS smoothing), and the LMS method. Results: Smoothing of the birth weight percentiles using cubic regression produced the smallest residual variance. Conclusion: Birth weight percentiles based on daily averages allow a more precise assessment of the somatic development of preterm infants
Angeborene Fehlbildungen - eine systematische Kohortenstudie aus Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
No full textAim: We aimed to set-up a passive malformations registry for 2002-2004 for the German Federal State of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania in order to estimate the prevalence of congenital malformations among live births, stillbirths, miscarriages, and induced abortions. Population and study design: Under the guidance of the working group "Neonatology Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" a standardised malformations record form modelled after the Mainz registry was developed and used to record malformations among live births, stillbirths, miscarriages, and induced abortions in all 21 obstetric departments in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania between 2002 and 2004. We compared the population of neonates with malformations with a general population sample from the German Perinatal Survey of 1995 -1997. Results: There were 768 neonates with at least one major malformation among a total of 37 634 neonates in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania; this means that the prevalence of major malformations was 203.53 per 10 000 neonates. The prevalence of major malformations in liveborn infants was 178.61 per 10 000. The most common malformations in the total study population were ventricular septal defect (prevalence: 37.2 per 10 000), hydronephrosis (16.7 per 10 000), hypospadias (14.8 per 10 000), Down syndrome (10.1 per 10 000), and cleft lip and palate (9.0 per 10 000). Among the induced abortions the most common diagnoses were Down syndrome, anencephalus, Edwards syndrome, and congenital hydrocephalus. The preterm birth rate among the 637 liveborn and stillborn infants with malformations was 19.6%; 5.6% were born before 32 completed weeks of gestation. The small for gestational age rate for infants with malformations was 14.2% for girls and 14.5% for boys, thus increased compared with the general population sample (9.7%). Conclusions: Congenital malformations are important determinants of childhood morbidity and mortality. Malformation prevalence and types of malformations, along with morbidity and mortality, are important parameters in perinatal medicine. The establishment of active malformation registries is therefore an important task
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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