176,998 research outputs found
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Letter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer, Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, October 2, 1942
No full textLetter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer at The Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, regarding property owned by Dave Tatsuno. Zellick mentions a dispute between current tenants and Tatsuno, and that Tatsuno has asked Goodman to help locate trustworthy tenants.Personal correspondence, organizational records, government documents, publications, and other papers created or collected by Joseph R. Goodman documenting the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, as well as organized resistance to incarceration. Included in the collection are records of the Japanese Young Men's Christian Association and the Japanese American Citizens' League in San Francisco, including papers of the Japanese YMCA's executive secretary Lincoln Kanai; Sakai family papers; Goodman's correspondence to and from Japanese American incarcerees, organizations opposing forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans, the War Relocation Authority, and others; publications, photographs, and ephemera from the Topaz Relocation Center, where Goodman taught high school; War Relocation Authority records and publications; and newspaper clippings, pamphlets, and reports about forced removal and incarceration created by various government, religious, and civic organizations, in California and nationwide
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Liftings for noncomplete probability spaces
No full textThe current state of knowledge concerning liftings for noncomplete probability spaces is discussed. This is a somewhat expanded version of the author's talk given at the 1991 Summer Conference on General Topology and Applications in Honor of Mary Ellen Rudin and Her Work.PT: S; CR: BURKE MR, IN PRESS P AM MATH S BURKE MR, 1991, ISRAEL J MATH, V73, P33 BURKE MR, 1992, ISRAEL J MATH, V79, P289 CARLSON T, THEOREM LIFTING CHRISTENSEN JPR, 1974, TOPOLOGY BOREL STRUC FREMLIN DH, 1989, HDB BOOLEAN ALGEBRAS, P877 INOESCUTULCEA A, 1966, 5TH P BERK S MATH ST, V2 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1967, CONTRIBUTIONS PROB 1, P63 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1969, TOPICS THEORY LIFTIN JECH TJ, 1978, SET THEORY JOHNSON RA, 1980, P AM MATH SOC, V80, P234 JUST W, IN PRESS T AM MATH S KUPKA J, 1983, INDIANA U MATH J, V32, P717 LOSERT V, 1983, LNM, V1080, P95 MAHARAM D, 1958, P AM MATH SOC, V9, P987 SHELAH S, 1983, ISRAEL J MATH, V45, P90 TALAGRAND M, 1982, P AM MATH SOC, V84, P379 VONNEUMANN J, 1931, CRELLES J MATH, V165, P109; NR: 18; TC: 0; J9: ANN N Y ACAD SCI; PG: 4; GA: BZ86BSource type: Electronic(1
Functional characterization of "Bartonella" effector protein - BepE during "in vivo" and "in vitro" infection
No full textThe bartonellae is a family of gram-negative, fastidious, facultative intracellular, zoonotic bacteria. Most of the Bartonella species are highly adapted to establish asymptomatic bacteremia of their reservoir host within which the bacteria colonize erythrocytes as privileged host niche and develop long-lasting persistent infections. Bartonella uses a VirB type IV secretion system (T4SS) to translocate Bartonella effector proteins (Beps) into the infected cells. By using such a tool box it subverts host cellular functions in order to establish a safe niche for replication and survival.
This thesis aimed to elucidate the role of one of the effector proteins – BepE in the establishment of Bartonella infection by using in vivo and in vitro infection models. Started in December 2006, my primary aim was to establish a suitable model for pathogen - natural host interaction. In order to closely mimic the reservoir host infection by BartonelIa, I have adapted the rat intra-venous (i.v.) to intra-dermal (i.d.) infection model, inoculation of B. tribocorum (Btr) in the ear dermis of the animal. This route of infection reflects the natural way of Bartonella transmission by arthropods when the bacteria are inoculated in the skin of a mammal via the feces of a vector after animal scratches. The Btr wild-type i.d. infected animals developed blood stage infection, which started around 7-8 days post infection and lasted for 10 weeks. It was a long-term bacteremic infection without obvious clinical manifestations, a hallmark of the reservoir host infection by Batonellae. The time delay that Btr took to appear in blood could correspond to the way that bacteria need to pass from the derma to the lymphatic-blood system and to the possible interaction with the innate immune system. In summary, the rat i.d. model enabled us to distinguish Bartonella factors involved on two different phases of the infection: early phase, prior seeding into the blood and the blood stage. On those two stages bacteria have different environment to interact with, and assumably different strategies to cope with the host immune system. The rat i.d. infection model revealed BepE as a critical factor in the establishment of reservoir host bacteremia. The expression of BepEBtr could rescue the abacteremic phenotype of Btr ΔbepDE mutant and enabled the strain to reach the blood. Heterologous complementation of Btr ΔbepDE phenotype with BepEBhe suggests that this function of BepE is conserved between different species of Bartonellae. Even more, I could demonstrate that the C-terminal BID domains are having the specific function but putative phosphotyrosine-containing N-term of BepE does not play an essential role in the establishment of long-term bacteremic infection of the natural host by Bartonella.
Another phenotype of BepE but in vitro was observed during the infection of primary endothelial cells HUVECs with Bhe ΔbepE (and ΔbepDEF) mutant(s). Besides erythrocytes, endothelial cells represent another major target cell type for Bartonellae demonstrated as bacillary angiomatoses within the incidental host environment, mostly in immunocompromized human patients. HUVECs infected with Bhe stain that lacked BepEBhe revealed disturbed rear edge detachment during migration and followed with the fragmentation of cell body. This phenomenon was inhibited by pbepEBhe expression in Bhe ΔbepE (and ΔbepDEF) as well as, by T4SS independent expression of pbepEBhe in HUVECs by transfection prior the infection with Bhe ΔbepE (and ΔbepDEF). We found that the cell fragmentation of infected HUVECs is T4SS dependent and is a secondary effect of translocated Beps, potentially the Beps involved in the invasome formation. Further we conclude that the C-terminal BID domains of BepEBhe are sufficient to interfere with the cells fragmentation process. From this we could hypothesize that primary infected cells in i.d. infection model of rats may also undergo fragmentation or impaired migration when infected with Btr ΔbepDE and then Bartonella does not succeed to reach the blood system and colonize red blood cells.
Further, I introduced the i.d. in vivo infection of Rosa 26-loxP-egfp Balb/c mice and in vitro infection of mouse Bone Marrow-derived Dendritic Cells (BMDCs) with B. birtlesii (Bbi) strain that is expressing Cre-BID fusion protein. The in vitro model showed for the first time a Bartonella effector protein translocation in primary immune cells of the reservoir host. This finding builds a strong basis for the hypothesis that primary infected cells in vivo may be the DCs (Langerhance cells or dermal DCs) in the skin of infected animal. DCs are the sentinels of the immune system that constantly sample the environment for the “danger signal”. Thus, they represent one of the candidate cells in the derma to be targeted by Bartonella after inoculation of the bacteria from the feces of arthropod vector. Infected DCs could serve as Trojan horses to carry and disseminate Bartonella from derma to lymphatic–blood system
Hansen, Lee (Lee R.). Union, non-union, and managerial pay plan state employees, 2008-2019
No full text1 online resource (2 pages)"July 1, 2021."Provides the number of union and non-union state employees in each of the last 14 years. Also provides the number of state employees paid under the state's managerial pay plan during each of those years. Updates OLR research report 2019-R-011
Letter from Joseph R. Goodman to Akiko Nishioka, May 27, 1942
No full textLetter from Joseph R. Goodman to Akiko Nishioka, regarding Japanese American students from the west coast who resettled at colleges and universities in the east.Personal correspondence, organizational records, government documents, publications, and other papers created or collected by Joseph R. Goodman documenting the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, as well as organized resistance to incarceration. Included in the collection are records of the Japanese Young Men's Christian Association and the Japanese American Citizens' League in San Francisco, including papers of the Japanese YMCA's executive secretary Lincoln Kanai; Sakai family papers; Goodman's correspondence to and from Japanese American incarcerees, organizations opposing forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans, the War Relocation Authority, and others; publications, photographs, and ephemera from the Topaz Relocation Center, where Goodman taught high school; War Relocation Authority records and publications; and newspaper clippings, pamphlets, and reports about forced removal and incarceration created by various government, religious, and civic organizations, in California and nationwide
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