1,721,016 research outputs found
An Examination of the Qualitative Research Theory of E.W. Eisner: Focusing on the Development Process of Arts-Based Research
No full text本稿では、近年隆盛する社会科学分野の研究方法論であるArts Based Research の提唱者であるE.W.アイズナーの質的研究論を検討した。特に、彼の質的研究論に対する批判から、①研究という営みの目的とは何か、②研究にフィクションを含むことは認められるのかという二つの論点を析出し、その批判に対して彼のABR論がどのように応答しているのかを明らかにした。第一の点に関して、アイズナーは研究を再探索のプロセスと定義した。またABRの研究目的として、①大きな物語に対する他の視点の提示、②他の視点の提示による人々の解放という二点を提示した。第二の点に関して、彼のABR論は、J.デューイの鑑賞概念やW.イーザーのフィクション概念を背景に、フィクションとノンフィクションの境界の曖昧性を認める立場に依拠していた。フィクションとは、想像のみで制作されるような創作物ではなく、詳細な調査研究を重ねた上で、研究の趣旨に沿う形で採用されるものであった。This paper examines the qualitative research theory of E.W. Eisner, an advocator of Arts-Based Research (ABR), which has become increasingly popular in the field of social sciences. Specifically, two issues were identified from the critiques of his qualitative research theory: what is the purpose of research? and is it acceptable to include fiction in research? How Eisner's ABR theory responds to these critiques was then examined. With regard to the first point, Eisner defined research as a process of re-exploration. He also proposed that ABR research should present other perspectives that differ from the master narrative and emancipate people by presenting other perspectives. With regard to the second point, the concept of fiction in ABR theory is based on Dewey's concept of appreciation and Iser's concept of fiction, and acknowledges the ambiguity of the boundary between fiction and non-fiction. Fiction is not a creation produced solely by the imagination, but is adopted in a way that is consistent with the purpose of research, after repeated detailed research
A Rethinking of E. W. Eisner's Theory of Educational Objectives
No full text本稿では、米国のカリキュラム研究者E.W.アイズナーの教育目標論の再検討を行う。先行研究において彼の所論は、R.W.タイラーやB.S.ブルームへの批判として解釈されてきた。それに対して本稿は、次の二つの示唆を導き出した。第一に、アイズナーの行動目標論批判は、より一般的な目標叙述を志向したタイラーらよりもむしろ、下位目標への細分化を志向したR.メイジャやW.J.ポファムらの所論やその教育観を批判するものであった。よって今後は、タイラーらとアイズナー間の主張の違いを、教育目標設定の是非に解消されない論点から検証すべきと論じた。第二に、アイズナーの教育目標論はメイジャらの行動目標論へのオルタナティブを示した一方、タイラーらの行動目標論を必ずしも乗り越えるものではなかった。他方で、アイズナーの教育目標論は、目標による学習活動の規定度合いに多様な類型を示すもので、既存の目標や実践の分析装置となりうる点に意義を有していた。This paper presents a rethinking of the theory of educational objectives of the American curriculum researcher, E. W. Eisner. In previous studies, Eisner's theory has been interpreted as a criticism of R. W. Tyler and B. S. Bloom. In contrast, this paper reexamines his criticism of behavioral objectives and the theoretical and practical development of his theory of educational objectives and derives two suggestions. First, Eisner criticized the theories of R. Mager and W. J. Popham and their views of education, which were oriented toward subdividing objectives into more detailed objectives, in contrast to those of Tyler and others, which were oriented toward a more general description of objectives. Therefore, it is necessary to reconsider the differences between Tyler's and Eisner's theories, which cannot be resolved into the issue of whether to set educational objectives. Second, while Eisner's theory of educational objectives presented an alternative to the theories of Mager and others, it did not overcome those of Tyler and others. On the other hand, Eisner's theory of educational objectives was significant in that it showed various typologies of the degree to which educational objectives define learning activities and could serve as a device for analyzing existing objectives and educational practices
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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