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Plumatella pirassununga Wood & Okamura 2017, n. sp.
No full text<i>Plumatella pirassununga</i> n. sp. <p>(Figs. 5, 6)</p> <p> <i>Plumatella javanica</i> sensu Wiebach, 1970: 356 –357, pl. 1, figs. 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, not <i>Plumatella javanica</i> Kraepelin, 1906, fig. 16.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> <i>Holotype</i>: ZUEC BRY 10, colony growing on wood, collected 28 January 2016 by B. Okamura at Santa Fé Lake (Site 7), 21°57'47"S; 47°27'39"W, (see Table 2)</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> Specific name honors Pirassununga, the nearest city to the type locality.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> The colony is open and repent, entirely attached to the substratum. The ectocyst is lightly sclerotized but well encrusted, giving it a velvety appearance (Fig. 5). A weak raphe is evident throughout the colonies.</p> <p>Statoblasts are shown in Fig. 6, dimensions are provided in Table 3. In lateral view the statoblast is asymmetrical with a nearly flat dorsal valve and highly convex ventral valve (Fig. 6c). Dorsal and ventral fenestrae are similar in size and shape (Fig. 6a, b). Fenestra tubercles on the dorsal valve are sharply defined and well spaced (Fig. 6a); on the ventral fenestra the tubercles become increasingly crowded towards the center (Fig. 6b). The annulus of both valves reveals convex contours of each air chamber, giving it a lumpy appearance. The suture is minutely crenulated (Figs. 6d). This feature shows up well in SEM photos, but it can also be seen in light microscopy as a minutely jagged edge, especially on the dorsal valve.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> In some ways the floatoblast this species resembles <i>Plumatella javanica</i> Kraepelin, 1906 from Java, and it may have been mistaken for <i>P. javanica</i> by Wiebach 1970 in specimens from the Amazon Basin. In both species the floatoblasts are similar in overall dimensions, and in having large fenestrae and heavy tuberculation. The colonies are also similar, both being flat and repent with a fragile ectocyst.</p> <p> SEM photos of the type specimen of <i>P. javanica</i> (see Smith & Wood 1995, Fig. 1) correspond well with SEM photos by Wood <i>et al.</i> 2006b (their Fig. 20) and Hirose & Mawatari 2011a (their Fig 3 C, D). In every case the domed fenestra tubercles are formed very close together in a manner seen in no other species except <i>Plumatella siamensis</i> Wood, Anurakpongsatorn & Mahujchariyawong, 2006 (Wood <i>et al.</i> 2006b). In both species, the densely packed tubercles are also surrounded by several deep, pore-like dimples. These features may be considered partially diagnostic for both species. <i>Plumatella siamensis</i> is further characterized by the absence of a fully-formed capsule (Wood <i>et al.</i> 2006b).</p> <p> However, there are significant differences between floatoblasts of those species. The fenestra tubercles of <i>P. pirassununga</i> <b>n. sp.</b> are much smaller than those of <i>P. javanica</i> (diameter 3.6 µm compared to 5 µ) and are well separated, especially on the dorsal valve. This uncommon separation is also seen in <i>Plumatella bushnelli</i> Wood, 2001 and sharply distinguishes <i>P. pirassununga</i> <b>n. sp.</b> from <i>P. javanica.</i> Since Wiebach (1970) apparently limited his observations to statoblast dimensions it is very possible that his “ <i>P. javanica</i> ” was in fact the new species, <i>P. pirassununga</i> <b>n. sp.</b> The situation may be clearer as more material becomes available.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Unknown beyond the single site where this species was collected.</p> <p> <b>FIGURE. 6.</b> <i>Plumatella pirassununga</i> <b>n. sp.</b> Scanning electron microgtraphs of statoblasts, scale bar = 100 µm. a) Dorsal valve; b) Ventral valve, c) Lateral view of showing asymmetry; d) Detail of ventral valves showing crenulated margin, scale bar = 30 µm.</p>Published as part of <i>Wood, Timothy S. & Okamura, Beth, 2017, New species, genera, families, and range extensions of freshwater bryozoans in Brazil: the tip of the iceberg?, pp. 383-400 in Zootaxa 4306 (3)</i> on pages 390-391, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4306.3.5, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/844490">http://zenodo.org/record/844490</a>
Pseudonezumia japonica : Okamura 1970
No full textPseudonezumia japonica Okamura, 1970 [Japanese name: Nihon-sokodara] (Figs. 187 C–D, 188–189; Appendix 3-11E) Pseudonezumia japonicus Okamura, 1970a:39, pl. XIII, text-fig. 20 [original description; holotype: BSKU 14203, from “off Choshi ”, Chiba Pref., 36º19′08ʺN, 141º14′00ʺE (off Mito, Ibaraki Pref.), in 1690 m; new Japanese name: “ Nihonsokodara ”]. Pseudonezumia japonica: Okamura 1970b: table 1 (listed; Japan); Tominaga & Uyeno 1981:489 (listed; Japan); Okamura 1984b:95, pl. 81, fig. K (compiled); Okamura 1988:95, pl. 81, fig. K (compiled); Nakabo 1993:356 (in key; Japan); Nakabo 2000:420 (in key; Japan); Nakabo 2002:420 (in key; Japan); Nakabo & Kai 2013:496 (in key; Japan); Motomura 2020:39 (listed; Japan). Diagnosis. Underside of snout broadly naked above upper lip; spinules on body scales supported by narrowly developed buttresses; transverse scale rows below first dorsal-fin origin 8.5–12.5, below first dorsal-fin midbase 7–12; orbit diameter 22–28% HL; preoral length 20–26% HL; postorbital length 42–48% HL; orbit–preopercle distance 34–43% HL; interorbital width 29–36% HL; barbel length 8–13% HL; caudal depth at base of 40th anal-fin ray 27–34% HL; body uniformly dusky to paler brown, except for darker abdomen and black periproct. Material examined. 31 specimens. Holotype of Pseudonezumia japonicus: BSKU 14203 (46.0 mm HL, 303 mm TL), off Mito, Ibaraki Pref., Japan, 36.3189ºN, 141.2333ºE, 1690 m, 3 Dec. 1967. Non-types: Japan: BSKU 56944 (1, 47.2 mm HL, 325 mm TL), BSKU 56945 (1, 43.6 mm HL, 258+ mm TL), BSKU 56946 (1, 46.7 mm HL, 290+ mm TL), BSKU 56947 (1, 44.9 mm HL, 280+ mm TL), BSKU 56948 (1, 48.7 mm HL, 274+ mm TL), BSKU 56949 (1, 38+ mm HL, 274+ mm TL), BSKU 56950 (1, 48.8 mm HL, 302+ mm TL), BSKU 56951 (1, 42.6 mm HL, 306 mm TL), BSKU 56952 (1, ca. 39 mm HL, 253+ mm TL), BSKU 56953 (1, 43.8 mm HL, 214+ mm TL), BSKU 56954 (1, 39.9 mm HL, 287+ mm TL), BSKU 56955 (1, 36.5 mm HL, 244+ mm TL), BSKU 56956 (1, 43.5 mm HL, 285+ mm TL), BSKU 56957 (1, 47.3 mm HL, 289+ mm TL), BSKU 56958 (1, 49.5 mm HL, 332+ mm TL), BSKU 56959 (1, 48.5 mm HL, 286+ mm TL), BSKU 56960 (1, 47.0 mm HL, 224+ mm TL), BSKU 56961 (1, 44.4 mm HL, 307+ mm TL), BSKU 56963 (1, 47.8 mm HL, 331+ mm TL), BSKU 56964 (1, 47.4 mm HL, 215+ mm TL), BSKU 56965 (1, ca. 45 mm HL, 288+ mm TL), BSKU 56966 (1, 43.8 mm HL, 273+ mm TL), BSKU 56967 (1, 43.1 mm HL, 297 mm TL), BSKU 56969 (1, 40.5 mm HL, 272 mm TL), BSKU 56971 (1, ca. 36 mm HL, 218+ mm TL), BSKU 56972 (1, 32.9 mm HL, 165+ mm TL), BSKU 56973 (1, ca. 36 mm HL, 231+ mm TL), BSKU 56974 (1, 41.7 mm HL, 270+ mm TL), BSKU 56975 (1, ca. 43 mm HL, 195+ mm TL), off Hitachi, 36.4205ºN, 141.5420ºE, 1845–1948 m, FRV Wakataka-maru, sta. 62, coll. H. Endo, 10 Nov. 1995; BSKU 56976 (1, 50.5 mm HL, 273+ mm TL), off Kamaishi, 39.3797ºN, 143.1282ºE, 1949–2005 m, FRV Wakataka-maru, sta. 59, coll. H. Endo, 7 Nov. 1995. Counts and measurements. Based on 31 specimens (31.9–50.5 mm HL, 165+–332+ mm TL). Counts: first dorsal-fin rays II,8–10; pectoral-fin rays i14–i19; pelvicfin rays 6; longitudinal scales 49–61; transverse scale rows below first dorsal-fin origin 8.5–12.5, below first dorsal-fin midbase 7–12, below second dorsal-fin origin 9–12; pyloric caeca 8–10. The following measurements are in% of HL, followed by those in % of PRL in parentheses: snout length 33–38 (48–58); orbit diameter 22–28 (31–40); postorbital length 42–48 (63–69); postrostral length 66–71; orbit–preopercle distance 34–43 (51–61); suborbital width 15–19 (24–28); upper-jaw length 25–33 (37–49); preoral length 20–26 (29–39); snout width 32–40 (47–58); internasal width 26–34 (38–49); interorbital width 29–36 (43–54); body width over pectoral-fin bases 30–56 (45–82); body depth at first dorsal-fin origin 63–89 (101–130); body depth at anal-fin origin 58–76 (86–112); caudal depth at base of 40th anal-fin ray 27–34 (40–49); prepelvic length 93–108 (134–164); preanus length 120–135 (170–198); preanal length 128–142(182–209); isthmus–pelvic distance 23–31 (33–46); isthmus–anus distance 49–62 (69–90); isthmusanal distance 57–71 (80–104); pelvic–anal distance 34– 44 (50–66); anus–anal distance 5–12 (8–18); pelvic-fin length 28–54 (40–81); pectoral-fin length 32–64 (47–91); predorsal length 103–119 (158–174); height of first dorsal fin 71–83 (102–120); length of first dorsal-fin base 19–27 (29–39); interdorsal length 33–48 (48–); length of gill slit 12–17 (19–24); length of posterior nostril 6–11 (9–17); barbel length 8–13 (12–19). Size. To about 33 cm TL (BSKU 56958, 332 + mm TL, off Hitachi, Ibaraki Pref., Japan). Distribution. Restricted to Japan (Appendix 3-11E). Depth range 1453‾ 2005 m. Remarks. For further morphological information see the original description given by Okamura (1970a). Pseudonezumia japonica was described from a single specimen collected from off Mito, Ibaraki Pref., Japan (Fig. 189), as a new genus and species of grenadiers. Okamura (1970a) considered this species to be quite different from other grenadiers in having eight branchiostegal rays (vs. six or seven). However, an examination of additional specimens from the type locality showed that the number is usually seven, and only rarely eight. Relationships and comparisons. Pseudonezumia japonica is closely similar to P. cetonuropsis (Gilbert & Hubbs, 1916) also known from Japan. These two species are tentatively regarded as valid in this study, but a further investigation based on additional material may arrive at a different conclusion, namely, P. japonica is synonymized with P. cetonuropsis (see the Relationships and comparisons of the latter species).Published as part of Nakayama, Naohide, 2020, Grenadiers (Teleostei: Gadiformes: Macrouridae) of Japan and adjacent waters, a taxonomic monograph, pp. 1-383 in Megataxa 3 (1) on pages 275-276, DOI: 10.11646/megataxa.3.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/642277
Performance improvement of a two-stage GM cryocooler by use of Er(Ni0.075Co0.925)2 magnetic regenerator material
No full textA newly developed magnetic regenerator material Er(Ni0.075Co0.925)2, having high specific heat at temperatures from 10 to 20 K, has been tested inside the second regenerator of a two-stage GM cryocooler. Different working conditions have been examined: four Er(Ni0.075Co0.925)2/Pb material ratios, three displacer reciprocating speeds, and two cryocooler stroke lengths. In the best working conditions, the experimental results show a cooling power improvement up to 15% over the whole temperature range from 10 to 20 K compared to that of the same GM cryocooler employing only lead. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
Dr. Duane M. Jackson, Morehouse College, July 2011
No full textThis video is a conversation with Dr. Duane M. Jackson. Dr. Jackson talks about his paper, "Recall and the Serial Position Effect: The Role of Primacy and Recency on Accounting Students' Performance." Jackie Daniel, AUC Woodruff Library, is the interviewer
"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States" By M. Carey.
No full text"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States: containing bried sketches of the moral and political character of those states.
By M. Carey, member of the American philosophical, and of the American Antiquarian Society, and author of The Olive Branch, Cindiciae Hibernicae, essays on banking, on political economy, and on internal improvement.
To which are now added the English editor's comments on the subject; together with Important Advice to Emigrants, and Cautions Against Impositions Practiced in the Outports
Ventrifossa saikaiensis Okamura 1984
No full textVentrifossa saikaiensis Okamura, 1984 [Japanese name: Saikai-hige] (Figs. 205 E–F, 216; Appendix 3-13D) Ventrifossa saikaiensis Okamura, 1984a:209, fig. 147 (original description; holotype: BSKU 28004, from Okinawa Trough, 28º50.0ʹN, 127º14.0ʹE, in 700–740 m; 11 paratypes from Okinawa Trough, in 560–755 m; new Japanese name: “Saikai-hige”); Okamura 1988:453, pl. 373, fig. F (compiled); Nakabo 1993:359 (in key; Japan); Nakabo 2000:423 (in key; Japan); Nakabo 2002:423 (in key; Japan); Yoda et al. 2002:11 (listed; East China and Yellow Seas); Chiou et al. 2004a:48, fig. 23, table 1 (brief description; 19 spec. from Da-xi; first record from Taiwan); Shinohara et al. 2005:418 (listed; Ryukyu Islands); Shao et al. 2008b: table 2 (46 spec. listed from northeastern and southwestern Taiwan, and South China Sea); Nakabo & Kai 2013:499 (in key; Japan); Iwamoto et al. 2015:116 (brief description; 64 spec. from northeastern Taiwan and East China Sea off Japan, including holotype); Motomura 2020:40 (listed; Japan). Ventrifossa divergens (not Gilbert & Hubbs 1920): Chiou et al. 2004a:46, fig. 19, table 1 (brief description; 2 spec. from Dong-gang and Da-xi; first record from Taiwan) [fide Iwamoto et al. (2015)]. Diagnosis. Second spinous ray of first dorsal fin finely serrated along its leading edge; first dorsal and anal fins uniformly dusky; front of premaxillary ascending process lacking prominent black spot; oral cavity pale; median rostral ridge, leading edges of snout, supranarial ridges, and suborbital shelves not prominently blackish; body uniformly brown, except for dark abdomen; scale pockets narrowly outlined in dark; snout low, slightly protruding beyond upper jaw, preoral length 13–21% HL; no scute-like scale at snout tip; body scales covered with short, moderately erect, needle-like spinules in quincunx order; spinules on scales along second dorsal-fin base not enlarged; body scales moderately small, transverse scale rows below midbase of first dorsal fin 6–7.5, below second dorsal-fin origin 6–7.5; longitudinal scales 37–45; area of spinuleless scales posterior to first dorsal-fin base only narrowly developed; outer series of premaxillary teeth slightly enlarged; mandibular teeth arranged in narrow tapered band; suborbital shelf not greatly constricted anteriorly; inner gill rakers on first arch 15–19, outer gill rakers on second arch 15–17; orbit large, greatest diameter 28–38% HL; suborbital width 13–17% HL; upper-jaw length 45–52% HL; interorbital space broad, width 26–33% HL; chin barbel long, length 30–38% HL; pectoral-fin length 59–72% HL. Material examined. 20 specimens. Holotype of Ventrifossa saikaiensis: BSKU 28004 (54.7 mm HL, 307+ mm TL), northwest of Amami-oshima Island, Kagoshima Pref., Japan, Okinawa Trough, East China Sea, 28.8333ºN, 127.2333ºE, 700–740 m, F/ V Ryoanmaru, No. 28, tr. 59, bottom trawl, coll. Y. Kinoshita and S. Hagino, 16 Mar. 1978. Paratypes of V. saikaiensis: BSKU 26324 (1, 37.4 mm HL, 209+ mm TL), off Senkaku Islands, Okinawa Trough, 25.6283ºN, 122.8933ºE, 560– 692 m, F/ V Yuryo-maru, No. 8, tr. 3, bottom trawl, coll. T. Kitajima et al., 14 Jan. 1978; * BSKU 28005 (1, 41.4 mm HL, 184+ mm TL), BSKU 28006 (1, 51.5 mm HL, 249+ mm TL), BSKU 28007 (1, 54.9 mm HL, 207+ mm TL), BSKU 28008 (1, 53.0 mm HL, 293+ mm TL), collected with holotype; * BSKU 27664 (1, 36.2 mm HL, 198+ mm TL), * BSKU 27665 (1, 42.1 mm HL, 200+ mm TL), west of Okinawa-jima Island, Okinawa Trough, 28.7333ºN, 127.0167ºE, 610–640 m, F/ V Ryoan-maru, No. 28, tr. 49, bottom trawl, coll. Y. Kinoshita and S. Hagino, 11 Mar. 1978; BSKU 27576 (1, 57.2 mm HL, 287+ mm TL), BSKU 27577 (1, 50.4 mm HL, 222+ mm TL), * BSKU 27578 (1, 52.2 mm HL, 240+ mm TL), * BSKU 27579 (1, 52.6 mm HL, 294+ mm TL), northwest of Amamioshima Island, Okinawa Trough, 28.7167ºN, 127.2333ºE, 750–755 m, F/ V Ryoan-maru, No. 28, tr. 48, bottom trawl, coll. Y. Kinoshita and S. Hagino, 11 Mar. 1978. Nontypes: Japan: BSKU 26325 (1, 53.7 mm HL, 280+ mm TL), off Senkaku Islands, Okinawa Trough, 25.6283ºN, 122.8933ºE, 560–692 m, F/ V Yuryo-maru, No. 8, tr. 3, bottom trawl, coll. T. Kitajima et al., 14 Jan. 1978; FFNU P-00738 (8, 24.7–47.7 mm HL, 155+–265+ mm TL), north of Hokutosekibi Bank, East China Sea, 26.4928ºN, 125.1432ºE, 675 m, T/ V Nagasaki-maru, cr. N260, sta. S, 3-m ORE beam trawl, coll. J. Hashimoto, 21 Jun. 2008. Counts and measurements. Based on 16 specimens (27.4–57.4 mm HL, 155+–307+ mm TL). Counts: first dorsal-fin rays II,9–11; pectoral-fin rays i18–i23; pelvicfin rays 8–9; gill rakers on first arch (outer/inner) 10– 14/15–19, on second arch 15–17/14–18; longitudinal scales 37–45; transverse scale rows below first dorsalfin origin 7.5–10, below first dorsal-fin midbase 6–7.5, below second dorsal-fin origin 6–7.5. The following measurements are in % of HL, followed by those in % of PRL in parentheses: snout length 27–33 (35–43); orbit diameter 28–38 (39–49); postorbital length 41–49 (54–63); postrostral length 72– 80; orbit–preopercle distance 42–46 (54–63); suborbital width 13–17 (17–23); upper-jaw length 45–52 (59–69); length of rictus 39–43 (51–58); length of premaxillary tooth band 33–39 (44–51); preoral length 13–21 (18–29); distance between tip and lateral angle of snout 16–22 (21–28); snout width 30–40 (39–52); internasal width 23– 30 (30–39); interorbital width 26–33 (34–44); occipital width 15–18 (20–24); body width over pectoral-fin bases 39–60 (50–80); body depth at first dorsal-fin origin 82–97 (107–125); body depth at anal-fin origin 65–83 (86–106); prepelvic length 103–133 (134–171); preanus length 113–142 (146–178); preanal length 132–161 (169–203); isthmus–pelvic distance 39–48 (50–65); isthmus–anus distance 47–56 (61–74); isthmus–anal distance 70–77 (92–103); pelvic–anal distance 27–35 (35–47); anus–anal distance 18–25 (24–32); pelvic-fin length 37–40 (48– 52); pectoral-fin length 59–72 (75–94); predorsal length 93–116 (121–155); length of first dorsal-fin base 25–32 (33–43); interdorsal length 45–63 (58–87); length of gill slit 26–35 (34–46); length of posterior nostril 2–6 (3–8); barbel length 30–38 (39–49). Size. To about 31 cm TL (BSKU 28004, holotype). Distribution. So far known only from the Okinawa Trough and the northern South China Sea at depths of 520‾ 764 m (Chiou et al. 2004a; Shao et al. 2008b; this study; Appendix 3-13D). Rare in Japanese waters. Remarks. For further morphological information see the original description given by Okamura (1984a). This species was originally described from the Okinawa Trough in the East China Sea, and additional specimens were subsequently recorded from Taiwan (Chiou et al. 2004a; Shao et al. 2008b; Iwamoto et al. 2015). Chiou et al. (2004a) first recorded V. divergens Gilbert & Hubbs, 1920 from Taiwanese waters based on two specimens obtained at fish markets in Dong-gang and Da-xi, but their specimens were re-identified as V. saikaiensis by Iwamoto et al. (2015). Relationships and comparisons. Ventrifossa saikaiensis closely resembles V. divergens distributed in the western Pacific from Taiwan to Indonesia. According to Iwamoto et al. (2015:117), the two species are readily distinguished by coloration: the body of V. saikaiensis is uniformly brownish, whereas in V. divergens, silvery reflections are present on the sides of the body. In Japanese waters, V. saikaiensis is most similar to V. garmani (Jordan & Gilbert in Jordan & Starks, 1904) in having a broad interorbital space (26–33% HL). However, it readily differs from the latter species in having needlelike spinules on the body scales (vs. broadly triangular), a wider snout (snout width 30–40% HL vs. 25–29%), and a deeper suborbital space (suborbital width 13–17% HL vs. 11–13%).Published as part of Nakayama, Naohide, 2020, Grenadiers (Teleostei: Gadiformes: Macrouridae) of Japan and adjacent waters, a taxonomic monograph, pp. 1-383 in Megataxa 3 (1) on pages 310-312, DOI: 10.11646/megataxa.3.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/642277
PERFIL SOCIOECONÔMICO DOS FREQUENTADORES DO PARQUE ESTADUAL MASSAIRO OKAMURA, 2007
No full textQuando se trabalha com unidades de conservação como o Parque Massairo Okamura, localizado em Cuiabá (Mato Grosso), devem-se estudar também os seus frequentadores e, a partir daí, políticas que possam incrementar o ambiente poderão ser implantados ao longo do tempo. Uma descrição qualitativa e quantitativa foi elaborada com 100 frequentadores do parque e nos trouxe resultados diversos. A localização das residências dos usuários do parque foi eclética, pois foram apresentados moradores dos núcleos habitacionais e de bairros mais afastados, como jardim Vitória, Florianópolis e até mesmo do município vizinho, Várzea Grande. A maioria é constituída de servidores públicos, com nível de escolaridade variando do fundamental incompleto até o superior completo
Hymenocephalus hachijoensis Okamura 1970
No full text<i>Hymenocephalus hachijoensis</i> Okamura, 1970 <p>Figs. 23A–D, 27</p> <p> <i>Hymenocephalus striatissimus hachijoensis</i> Okamura, 1970: 50 (type locality: 33°16’N, 140°03’E).</p> <p> <i>Hymenocephalus hachijoensis</i>: Okamura, 1984: 93; Sazonov & Iwamoto, 1992: 62.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> 2 specimens BSKU 14171 (holotype), 195 mm TL, and BSKU 14172 (paratype), 130 mm TL, 33°16’N, 140°03’E, 570 m.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Pelvic fin rays 7–8; pectoral fin rays 14–15; snout barely projecting, short, 15–17% HL; barbel long, 30–35% HL, reaching vertical through center of orbit; orbit diameter large, 35–38% HL; infraorbital width 10–12% HL; preopercular supporter moderately long, with straight rear margin, 6–7% HL; gill rakers 18–20; ventral striae reaching to ½ distance from pelvic fin bases to periproct; otolith with high predorsal lobe, colliculi separated, narrowly placed across collum; OL:OH = 1.05; TCL:PCL = 1.6.</p> <p> <b>Comparison.</b> <i>Hymenocephalus hachijoensis</i> is readily recognized by the long barbel, which is shorter than in <i>H. longibarbis</i> and <i>H. iwamotoi</i>, of about the same length as in <i>Hymenogadus gracilis</i>, and longer than in any other species of the genus <i>Hymenocephalus</i>, with those of <i>H. aeger</i> coming closest at 20–25% HL. The short, rounded snout resembles species in the <i>striatissimus</i> Group, like the low number of pelvic fin rays (7–8 vs 10–12 in other members of the <i>antraeus</i> Group) and the long infraorbital supporter. The separated colliculi and only moderately enlarged pseudocolliculum easily distinguish <i>H. hachijoensis</i> from species of the <i>H. striatissimus</i> Group. These observations support the concept first expressed by Okamura (1984) to elevate <i>H. hachijoensis</i> to species level.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Head morphology (n = 2) (Fig. 23A–B): Snout short, rounded, barely projecting, 15–17% HL, orbit diameter large, 35–38% HL, interorbital width 50–60% HW. Barbel long, 30–35% HL, reaching vertical through center of orbit. Head canals well developed, infraorbital width 10–12% HL, supraorbital canal with 5 segments, width 9–10% HL, supratemporal canal not identified, preopercular canal width 9–10% HL, postorbitalpreopercular interspace 8–10% HL. Infranasal supporter very large, touching upper lip; infraorbital supporter long, expanded beyond entire orbit, 90–100% OD; preopercular supporter moderately long, 6–7% HL, rear margin straight.</p> <p>Otolith morphology (n = 1) (Fig. 23C–D): Otolith large; OL:OH = 1.05; OH:OT = 3.2. Dorsal rim with a distinct, moderately broad predorsal lobe with rounded tip, distally marked by small incision; posterior tip at about level of sulcus termination; ventral rim deep, regularly curved, smooth, deepest anterior of the middle; anterior rim high, nearly vertical. Inner face slightly convex, with slightly supramedian sulcus. Ostial and caudal colliculi moderately small, narrowly placed across collum, terminating moderately close to anterior rim and at some distance from posterior tip of otolith; pseudocolliculum long. CCL:OCL = 0.75; TCL:PCL = 1.6. Dorsal depression small; ventral furrow distinct, moderately close to ventral rim.</p> <p> <b>Distribution</b> (Fig. 27). <i>Hymenocephalus hachijoensis</i> was originally described only from the type locality off the small Hachijo Island on the Iwo Jima Ridge off southern central Japan. Sazonov & Iwamoto (1992:63) also recorded specimens caught over seamounts of the Emperor Ridge (32°N, 173°E and 41° 04°N, 170°32’E) and on the Kyushu-Palau Ridge (no geographic details recorded).</p>Published as part of <i>Schwarzhans, Werner, 2014, Head and otolith morphology of the genera Hymenocephalus, Hymenogadus and Spicomacrurus (Macrouridae), with the description of three new species, pp. 1-73 in Zootaxa 3888 (1)</i> on pages 49-50, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3888.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10086415">http://zenodo.org/record/10086415</a>
Bryozoan stable carbon and hydrogen isotopes: relationships between the isotopic composition of zooids, statoblasts and lake water
No full textWe explored the extent to which δ13C and δD values of freshwater bryozoan statoblasts can provide information about the isotopic composition of zooids, bryozoan food and surrounding water. Bryozoan samples were collected from 23 sites and encompassed ranges of nearly 30‰ for δ13C and 100‰ for δD values. δ13C offsets between zooids and statoblasts generally ranged from −3 to +4.5‰, with larger offsets observed in four samples. However, a laboratory study with Plumatella emarginata and Lophopus crystallinus demonstrated that, in controlled settings, zooids had only 0–1.2‰ higher δ13C values than statoblasts, and 1.7‰ higher values than their food. At our field sites, we observed a strong positive correlation between median δ13C values of zooids and median δ13C values of corresponding statoblasts. We also observed a positive correlation between median δD values of zooids and statoblasts for Plumatella, and a positive correlation between median δD values of statoblasts and δD values of lake water for Plumatella and when all bryozoan taxa were examined together. Our results suggest that isotope measurements on statoblasts collected from flotsam or sediment samples can provide information on the feeding ecology of bryozoans and the H isotopic composition of lake water
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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