8 research outputs found
Acetylation Treatment for the Batch Processing of Natural Fibers: Effects on Constituents, Tensile Properties and Surface Morphology of Selected Plant Stem Fibers
No full textThis work was on the comparative evaluation of the property effects obtainable when acetylation is applied to parts of selected agro fibers that are obtainable within common localities. The fibers were subjected to different concentrations of acetylation treatment at ambient temperature for 3 h. The physico-chemical, morphological, and tensile properties of the fibers were examined after the treatment. It was discovered from the results that the procedures variedly influenced the constituents of the fibers, their resulting tensile properties as well as their post-acetylation treatment surface morphology. The proportion of crystalline cellulose in the starting fibers greatly influenced their post treatment composition, behaviour and properties. The results show that plantain fibers had the highest aspect ratios, followed by banana fibers with values of about 1000 and 417, respectively. These fibers exhibited the least density and are thus potential plant fibers for composite development. Banana fiber had the least density of about 1.38 g/cm3 while that of DombeyaBuettneri fiber possessed the highest value of 1.5 g/cm3. There was significant enhancement in the hemicellulose content of Combretum Racemosum, while the lignin content of the plantain fibers was highly reduced. The treatment favoured the enhancement of the tensile properties in Combretum Racemosum fibers, which had enhanced tensile strength and strain at all compositions of the treatment. Optimum tensile strength and strain values of 155 MPa and 0.046, respectively, are achieved at 4% composition. Dombeya Buettneri fibers showed the highest ultimate tensile strength among the plant fibers in the untreated condition, which was gradually decreased as the concentration of the reagents was increased. Overall, 4% acetylation treatment is optimum for tensile properties’ enhancement for most of the natural fibers evaluated
Soil water storage and its temporal association with other water-atmospheric variables in a tomato field under different irrigation regimes
No full textThis study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different irrigation regimes on soil water dynamics and temporal associations with other water-atmospheric variables in a tomato field under different drip irrigation regimes in southwestern Nigeria. The experiment was 3 x 3 randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a split plot arrangement of treatments in three replicates. Irrigation frequencies of applying water every 7, 5 and 3 days designated as F1, F2, and F3, respectively serve as the main plot of the experiment while irrigation depth of 100, 75 and 50% of crop water requirement ( ) designated as D1, D2 and D3 are the sub-plots. During the growing season, soil water storage (SWS) was monitored in soil depths of 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm using oven dry method while daily rainfall and crop evapotranspiration ( ) were obtained using rain gauge and daily weather data, respectively. Both classical statistics and time series (state-time) analyses were applied to the data of SWS, P (rainfall + irrigation) and ETc. Irrigation water regimes significantly (p<0.05) affected SWS. The trend of water stored was F3D1>F3D2>F2D1>F3D3D2<F2D2>F2D3>F1D1>F1D2>F1D3. There was high amplitude of temporal variability of soil water storage while the maximum SWS was obtained in all depths at 86 DAP of tomato. There was strong temporal association between SWS and but not with P. Classical regression of from combinations of and gave low values of coefficient of determination (R2) (not more than 24%) while about 4 times as that value was obtained from state-time analysis. Employing the state-time approach, the effect of irrigation on soil water dynamics and how stored water is related to other variables was clearly recognized. Therefore, the state-time approach can be a specialized statistical tool for evaluating temporal associations among soil properties and processes under different management scenarios
Pre-Vocational, Pre-Technical and Pre-Professional Programmes: Basic Tools for Vocational Technical Education and Training
No full textIt is noted that various institutions of learning such as primary schools, secondary schools, technical colleges, colleges of education, polytechnics and universities adopt different programmes and methods in training their pupils and students. The chosen programmes by these institutions depend on the ability and interest of the students in various institutions. These programmes are the basic tools for vocational technical education and training in various countries of the world. The training required depends on the level of institution of learning. The training starts from primary school level to higher institutions .The study focuses on the meaning of pre-vocational, pre-technical, pre-profession, technical education and vocational education. It also focuses on the occupational competencies required for training vocational technical education students. The study also contained the measures to improve on the training of vocational technical education students. Keywords: Pre-vocational Education, Pre-technical Education, Pre-professional Education, Vocational Technical Education and Training DOI: 10.7176/JEP/10-26-09 Publication date:September 30th 201
Assessing Impacts of the School Clinic on Academic Performance in Selected Secondary Schools in Oyo State
No full textBackground%253A School Clinic is a health care facility within school intended to provide basic health care for students and refer them to the specialist or primary health center, these appreciate efforts and consideration to protect the health of children and other children with whom they may come in contact. This study was to assessing the impacts of the school clinic on academic performance on selected secondary schools in Oyo state.
Methods%253A The target populations of the study comprised only Senior Secondary School one to three (SSS 1-3) students within Ibadan metropolis, Oyo State. The study adopted non-experimental survey using quantitative approach. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select the sample. Assessing the Impacts of the School Clinic on Academic Performance on Selected Secondary Schools Questionnaire (AISCAPQ) was used to collect data for the study. Frequency and percentage scores of descriptive statistics were used to analyse research questions.
Results%253A The findings showed that school clinic is very supportive to teaching and learning outcome of the students through ability to have access to a good source for health information (59%25), able to identify their health needs (57%25), stayed in good physical health (59%25) and mental health environments (41%25). More also, the students have access to obtain test (23%25), good medical treatment (28%25) and also have access to specialist (23%25). The study further showed that the impact of school clinic practices manifested in student academic performances through quick accessibility to drugs for immediate treatment which keeps them healthy for learning (71%25) and provisions of treated bed nets in the school hostel that prevented malaria parasites and also protected the students learning activities (64%25). The result further showed that there was a great relationship between the use of school clinic and student academic performance in the selected secondary schools which have manifested in reduction of students absenteeism (30%25), drop-outs (31%25) and also improved school performance (38%25).
Conclusion%253A The study concluded that school clinic was very supportive to teaching and learning, has good impact and also contributed to the students academic performance. The study recommended that each school should have school clinic and psychological care should part of services deliver by health care personnel in the clinic. Government should ensure establishment of school clinic in all government school both in rural and urban area and government should ensure regulation standard of school clinic
The law and policy of financial regulation and deregulation of Nigerian banking system
No full textThis thesis is a study of banking regulation in Nigeria. It has three main objectives: to
explain the evolution and impact of banking regulation after independence to discuss the
reasons for the persistent failure of financial regulation; and to highlight the role of
external agencies in Nigeria's financial system.
The thesis offers a historical perspective on the developments in Nigerian banking
regulation, but focuses mainly on the period after independence. It examines the economic
and political theories that have influenced financial regulatory trends in Nigeria. It
considers these theories in their political and legal context. The thesis does not embrace
any theory in particular. Instead, its approach is pragmatic and comparative focusing on
the interaction between legal, political and institutional factors that have influenced
financial regulation in Nigeria.
The study shows that the pre-liberalisation regulatory norms were repressive and
inefficient. It argues that banking deregulation was introduced as an economic revolution
devoid of necessary corresponding political and legal changes. The core destabilising
factors are identified as inadequate regulatory powers, political corruption, political
instability, legal instability, policy distortions, and incongruous laws. The complicity of the
IMF and World Bank in this process is also discussed. Financial deregulation was
prompted by predatory politics characteristic of the Nigerian state; yet, deregulation has
aggravated the country's political instability and exacerbated prebendalism. The thesis
discusses policy options to break this vicious circle
Content and Editorial
No full textEditorial This Issue of Lagos Notes & Records contains a range of scholarly, engaging and well-researched theoretical and data-driven papers in key disciplines in the humanities. Although the different articles are diverse in terms of topics and subjects, they all unite around the concerns within the disciplines of the humanities. In the first paper, “Chinua Achebe’s Engagement with City Life in No Longer at Ease and A Man of the People”, Lola Akande goes beyond the usual approach to Achebe’s works, the cultural consequences of the unequal interaction between Nigerian peoples and the colonial overlords. The author calls our attention to Achebe’s no less nuanced treatment of city life in No Longer at Ease and A Man of the People, two novels set in early post-Independence Nigeria. In another article on literature in English from the genre of drama, “‘Crisis of the Soul’: Religious Trauma and Hypocrisy in Selected Plays of Ahmed Yerima”, Bosede Afolayan furthers the discourse of postcolonial contradiction in contemporary African society when she examines Ahmed Yerima’s apparent fixation with the theme of religious disharmony. Osita Nwangbo’s “Identity and Language Attitudes among Sierra Leonean Refugees in Oru Camp, Ogun State, Nigeria” is a sociolinguistic investigation of the social-linguistic intercourse between Sierra Leonean speakers of Mende, Temne and Limba and their Nigerian Yoruba hosts in the Oru refugee camp. Orimogunje Oladele Caleb’s “The Salient Issues in the Yorùbá Indigenous Health-related Verbal Art” discusses the socio-mythical approach to the health-related belief system in Yorùbá culture.
In Sirajudeen Owosho’s “Cartesian Foundation of Husserlian Phenomenology: A Critical Appraisal”, yet another attempt is made to show how much Western philosophy has been a response to the writings of the man dubbed the father of modern Western philosophy: Rene Descartes (1596-1650); Edmund Gustav Albrecht Husserl (1859-1938) is, thus, shown to have been significantly influenced by that precursor philosopher. Dan Ekere explores the thesis that scepticism is a theory of knowledge and an instrument for the advancement, affirmation and consolidation of knowledge in his paper, “The Heuristic Value of Scepticism”. He establishes the point that scepticism, which in a sense is criticism, rather than destroy, builds a system of knowledge that is stronger for as long as it is done with an open mind.
On their part, Emmanuel Irokanulo and Blaise Gbaden point out the relationship between visual art and philosophy, suggesting that visual art is creativity just as creativity is philosophy; their paper is titled “Painting as an Object of Philosophy”. Still on visual art, Chinyere Ndubuisi reports the major contribution of pioneer modern Nigerian artists as the philosophy of natural synthesis in which precolonial Nigerian forms and motifs were blended with the best of European tradition. Friday Aworawo’s paper, “The Nature of Threat to Nigeria’s Defence Policy in a Fluctuating World Order: A Historical Analysis”, aims to show how erroneous assessment of a country’s defence position in the international system may result in underestimation or overestimation which will produce wrong policy options. He therefore advocates cooperation between Nigeria and her closest neighbours as well as the Great Powers. Still on the international dimension, Peter Akinwale advocates linguistic sustainability when he argues that Nigeria-France cultural interactions should involve mutual interchange in the ‘Francophonie’ even if French would be adopted as a second official language in Nigeria. Akinwale makes his call in “Feasibility of Nigeria’s Future Membership of the “Francophonie”. Finally, this volume features two reviews. Oluwaseyi Kehinde reviews Albert Oikelome’s Lets Teach You to Sing, a detailed discourse on the nature and function of the singing voice, while Charles Ogbulogo reviews a special issue of Research in English and Applied Linguistics (Vol. 9) – Essays on Language in Societal Transformation: A Festschrift in Honour of Segun Awonusi. Ogbulogo provides a balanced critique of the twenty-three entries comprising the four sections of the special issue. The book is a collection of scholarly papers in linguistics, literature, pedagogy and education management. We are confident that scholars and researchers will continue to find contributions in our issues of Lagos Notes & Records to be a very enriching and rewarding repository of knowledge and research findings that will enhance development both in academia and the larger society. The editorial board will continue to encourage and promote transdisciplinary academic discourse that will contribute to knowledge within the humanities. I congratulate all the contributors whose papers scaled through the rigorous peer review mechanism. Equally, I deeply appreciate our panel of reviewers for their usual support. Muyiwa Falaiye, PhD
Professor of Philosophy
Editor-in-Chie
The dynamics of oil and fiscal federalism : Challenges to governance and development in Nigeria
No full textThis thesis explores some of the major challenges to governance and development in Nigeria since independence. The focus of the thesis is on the dynamics of oil and
fiscal federalism, given that more than 90% of her revenue income accrues from oil, and on the continuing difficulties of securing from these revenues a satisfactory path
of economic and social development for Nigeria.
It examines more specifically how the productive application of the revenue streams obtained by Nigeria from its oil reserves has been severely undermined by the
politics of 'fiscal federalism', i.e. the manner in which taxation and public spending are divided up between the federal, state and local levels of government. It argues
that it is in the context of these fragmented and contested processes of oil revenue allocation and management that the origins of predation and corruption are located.
The main aim of the research is to discover whether and how reforms in the taxation and expenditure system could reduce predation, and direct the country's oil revenues
into productive channels within a development strategy that will benefit the people at large, rather than a small and corrupt elite.
The field research for this thesis was conducted at the federal and state levels of government, and assesses the problems associated with the contentious revenuesharing
system between the three tiers of government. It concludes that this dynamics of oil and fiscal federalism poses a major challenge, because it has ignored the
productive contributions of the federating units and based revenue allocation on predatory politically-motivated parameters. These have consequently led to
instability in the oil producing Niger Delta region, which constitutes a major challenge to the sustainability of oil production in Nigeria. This in tum has over the
years resulted in failure to achieve a satisfactory path of economic and social development for Nigeria
Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of mucormycosis: an initiative of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology in cooperation with the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium
No full textBackgroundMucormycosis is a difficult to diagnose rare disease with high morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis is often delayed, and disease tends to progress rapidly. Urgent surgical and medical intervention is lifesaving. Guidance on the complex multidisciplinary management has potential to improve prognosis, but approaches differ between health care settings.MethodsFrom January 2018, authors from 33 countries in all United Nations regions analysed the published evidence on mucormycosis management and provided consensus recommendations addressing differences between the regions of the world as part of the “One World One Guideline” initiative of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM). The author group based in 17 time zones, relied on electronic media including video tutorial on methodology, and central document repository with several daily updates.FindingsSigns and symptoms of mucormycosis depend on organ patterns and underlying conditions. Diagnostic management does not differ greatly between world regions. Upon suspicion of mucormycosis appropriate imaging is strongly recommended to document extent of disease and is followed by strongly recommended surgical intervention. First-line treatment with high-dose liposomal amphotericin B is strongly recommended, while intravenous isavuconazole and intravenous or delayed release tablet posaconazole are recommended with moderate strength. Both triazoles are strongly recommended salvage treatments. Amphotericin B deoxycholate is recommended against, because of substantial toxicity, but may be the only option in resource limited settings.InterpretationManagement of mucormycosis depends on recognising disease patterns and on early diagnosis. Limited availability of contemporary treatments burdens patients in low and middle income settings. Areas of uncertainty were identified and future research directions specified.<br/
