1,055 research outputs found
Corydoras brittoi Tencatt & Ohara 2016
No full text<i>Corydoras brittoi</i> Tencatt & Ohara, 2016a: e150063[3], fig. 1. <p> <b>Paratypes:</b> 3 lots, 8 specimens —NUP 17311, 2, 32.4–35.2 mm SL: Brazil, Mato Grosso State, Colniza, Guariba District, rio Aripuanã, rio Madeira basin, 09°21’00”S, 59°19’33”W, W.M. Ohara, D.B. Hungria & B. Barros, 16 Jul 2013. NUP 17312, 4, 34.8–37.4 mm SL; NUP 17313, 2 c&s, 31.4–34.1 mm SL: Brazil, Mato Grosso State, Colniza, Guariba District, tributary to the rio Guariba, rio Aripuanã drainage, rio Madeira basin, 09°06’47.4”S, 60°25’14.1”W, W.M. Ohara, D.B. Hungria & B. Barros, 15 Jul 2013.</p>Published as part of <i>De Oliveira, Rianne C., Ota, Renata R., Deprá, Gabriel C., Zawadzki, Cláudio H., Pavanelli, Carla S. & Da Graça, Weferson J., 2022, Catalog of type specimens of the fish collection of the Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura (NUP), Universidade Estadual de Maringá Paraná, Brazil, pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 5128 (1)</i> on page 11, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5128.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/6479497">http://zenodo.org/record/6479497</a>
Knodus ytuanama Ferreira & Ohara 2023, new species
No full textKnodus ytuanama, new species (Figs. 1, 4–5) Knodus sp. Ohara & Loeb, 2016: 4–5, fig. 3 (Brazil, Mato Grosso, tributaries of rio Juruena basin: photograph of live specimen). Holotype. CPUFMT 7756 (1, 81.2 mm SL), Brazil, Mato Grosso, Comodoro, rio Mutum, near the road BR-174, 13º5′10.76″S, 59º53′33.76″W; W.M. Ohara, 1 Oct 2021. Paratypes. All from the same locality of the holotype. UFRO-I 22844, 6, 28.6–80.3 mm SL; W.M. Ohara et al., 25 Jul 2013. UFRO-I 12305, 3, 56.6–83.2 mm SL; W.M. Ohara et al., 10 Dec 2011. UFRO-I 22905, 1, 24.3 mm SL; W.M. Ohara et al, 25 Jul 2013. INPA 59847, 9, 49.2–82.6 mm SL; W.M. Ohara, 1 Oct 2021. CPUFMT 7647 (30, 48.1–90.9 mm SL, 1 C&S, 59.3 mm SL); MZUSP 126877 (2, 65.9–72.4 mm SL); ZUEC 17547 (2, 57.6–76.2 mm SL); all collected with the holotype. Diagnosis. Knodus ytuanama can be distinguished from all congeners by presenting the interradial membranes of the caudal fin thickened, forming folds between the branched rays of the upper and lower lobes (see Description for more details). Adult specimens of K. ytuanama can also be distinguished from most congeners, except K. borki Zarske, K. dorsomaculatus Ferreira & Netto-Ferreira, K. geryi Lima, Britski & Machado, K. savannensis Géry, and K. tanaothoros (Weitzman, Menezes, Evers & Burns) by typically lacking a humeral blotch (humeral blotch, when present, diffuse and ill-defined), and by the presence of a dark, wide midlateral stripe extending along the sides of body from the posterior region of opercle to the middle caudal-fin rays (versus presence of a well-defined humeral blotch and sides of body either lacking a longitudinal stripe or, if present, starting approximately at vertical through the dorsal-fin origin). Knodus ytuanama can be diagnosed from Knodus borki by presenting the lateral line complete (versus incomplete), from Knodus dorsomaculatus by the absence of a dark blotch on the basis of the first five branched dorsal-fin rays (versus presence), and from Knodus geryi by the absence of two symmetric, large dark blotches basally on caudal fin lobes (versus presence). Knodus ytuanama differs from K. savannensis by absence of lateral line interrupted many times (versus lateral line complete), by absence of midlateral stripe extending to lower lobe of caudal fin (versus midlateral stripe extending only to middle caudal-fin rays), by presenting a smaller eye, 28.3–35.0% HL (versus 40.6% HL) and anal-fin length short, 21.4–24.9% SL (versus 31.7% SL), and from Knodus tanaothoros by the lack of a modified glandular tissue on the anal-fin lobe in mature males (versus glandular tissue present in mature males). Description. Morphometric and meristic data for holotype and paratypes presented in Table 1. Largest specimen examined 90.9 mm SL. Body laterally compressed. Greatest body depth anterior to vertical through dorsal-fin origin. Dorsal profile of head convex from tip of upper jaw to vertical through anterior nostril; straight or slightly convex from that point to tip of supraoccipital spine. Dorsal body profile slightly convex from tip of supraoccipital spine to dorsal-fin origin; straight along dorsal-fin base; straight from terminus of dorsal-fin base to adipose-fin insertion, and slightly concave posteriorly from that point to anteriormost procurrent caudal-fin ray. Ventral profile of head and body convex from tip of lower jaw to pelvic-fin insertion, straight from that point to anal-fin origin, straight along anal-fin base and slightly concave along caudal peduncle. Mouth terminal with premaxilla protruding slightly over dentary. Posterior tip of maxilla reaching vertical through anterior margin of orbit. Premaxilla with two teeth rows (Fig. 2). Outer tooth row aligned, with 5*(18) or 6(2) tri- to pentacuspid teeth, with median cusps slightly more developed. Inner row with four teeth larger than those of outer series; symphyseal tooth with four or five cusps, remaining teeth penta- to heptacuspid. Maxilla with 3*(14) or 4(6) tri- to pentacuspid teeth. Dentary with four large penta- to heptacuspid teeth, followed by seven to nine smaller tricuspid teeth. Scales cycloid. Lateral line complete, with 38*(10), 39(6), 40(3) or 41(1) perforated scales. Horizontal scales rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line 5*(18) or 6(2). Horizontal scales rows between lateral line and pelvic fin insertion 4(20). Predorsal scales 11(4), 12(12), 13*(3) or 14(1). Circumpeduncular scales 14*(20). Single row of 10–12 scales covering base of anal-fin rays. Presence of four rows of scales covering caudal lobes; squamation slightly more developed on lower caudal-fin lobe. Scales on caudal fin with irregular margins contrasting with caudal peduncle scales that have rounded margins. Dorsal-fin rays ii,8*(19) or iii,8(1). Dorsal-fin origin at midpoint of standard length.First dorsal-fin pterygiophore located after neural spine of 11 th (1) vertebra. First unbranched ray about half the length of second ray. Thickened membranes between dorsal rays forming discrete folds extending from base of dorsal fin to about halfway along its length (Fig. 3A). Adipose fin present, its origin at vertical through last anal-fin ray insertion. Pectoral-fin rays i,10(2), 11(10) or 12*(8). Tip of adpressed pectoral fin not reaching vertical through pelvic-fin insertion. Pelvicfin rays i,7(20). Tip of adpressed pelvic fin not reaching origin of anal fin. Anal-fin rays iv, 15(2), 16*(5), 17(10), 18(2), or 19(1). Anteriormost rays of anal fin (including two largest unbranched rays and anteriormost two to three branched rays) with thickened membranes forming pocket-like folds extending from base to slightly beyond middle portion of fin ray (Fig. 3B). First anal-fin pterygiophore inserted behind haemal spine of 20 th (1) vertebra. Caudal fin forked, lobes similar in size; principal caudal-fin rays i,9/8,i (20). Interradial membranes of caudal fin thickened, forming folds typically between third and ninth branched rays of upper caudal lobe and between first and fifth branched rays of lower lobe. Margin of membrane folds present in upper lobe oriented ventrally and margins of membrane folds present in lower lobe oriented dorsally (Fig. 3C). Membrane fin folds more developed in adult specimens. First gill arch with 8(1), 9(1), or 10(3) gill rakers on the hypobranchial and ceratobranchial, 6(5) on the epibranchial, and one on cartilage between ceratobranchial and epibranchial. Branchiostegal rays 4(1), 3(1) on anterior ceratohyal, and 1(1) on posterior ceratohyal. Vertebrae 37(1). Supraneurals 6(1) Color in alcohol. Ground color light beige (Fig. 4A–C). Silvery pigmentation present on opercle, infraorbitals, and sides of body. Dark chromatophores densely concentrated on dorsal surface of head, from tip of snout to end of supraoccipital spine, dark pigmentation extending posteriorly over predorsal scales. Small, dark chromatophores also present on maxilla, lower jaw, ventral margin of orbit, and first and second infraorbitals; third and fourth infraorbitals with scattered dark pigmentation and fifth and sixth infraorbitals densely pigmented with dark chromatophores. Upper half of opercle densely pigmented with large dark chromatophores. Dorsal half of body (above midlateral stripe) dark. Adults present a dark, wide midlateral stripe extending from posterior margin of opercle to middle caudal-fin rays, and lack a humeral blotch. Young specimens with diffuse, narrow, vertically elongated humeral blotch (Fig. 4C) and with midlateral stripe more evident, starting approximately at vertical through dorsal-fin origin. Abdominal region almost devoid of dark chromatophores, some scattered dark chromatophores at region of anal-fin base. Dorsal, pectoral, and anal fins hyaline, with scattered dark chromatophores on interradial membranes. Pelvic fins hyaline. Adipose fin pale, with small, dark chromatophores concentrated on center of fin. Caudal fin with dark chromatophores along interradial membranes, outlining the rays and forming horizontal, narrow lines on caudal-fin lobes. Color in life. Based on photographs taken in the field of three specimens (see Fig. 5). Overall body coloration silvery with greenish tint on infraorbital 4–5, half upper of opercle and on body sides. Midlateral, longitudinal stripe silvery-green Upper portion of the eye dark. Lower jaw beige. Caudal, anal, and dorsal fins reddish and slightly darkened Adipose fin yellow. Pelvic fin whitish. Sexual dimorphism. Mature males of Knodus ytuanama present bilateral hooks on first unbranched and anteriormost six branched pelvic-fin rays, and on fourth up to ninth branched anal-fin rays. Distribution. Knodus ytuanama is only known from the rio Mutum, a tributary of the upper rio Juruena at Chapada dos Parecis, rio Tapajós basin, Mato Grosso State, Brazil (Fig. 6). Ecological notes. The rio Mutum is a small highland river (altitude 501 meters a.s.l. at the type locality), about 5–9 meters wide, 0.5–2.5 meters deep, with preserved riparian vegetation, abundant aquatic macrophytes and a bottom composed by sand, pebbles and dead leaves (Fig. 7). Knodus ytuanama is a rheophilic species that was observed singly or small groups of 3–8 individuals swimming near the surface in fast flowing waters. Knodus ytuanama was the unique nektonic species of Characidae found at the river stretches with stronger current, but other nektonic characids occur in slow to moderate flowing stretches in same the locality, such as Hasemania nambiquara Bertaco & Malabarba, Hemigrammus skolioplatus Bertaco & Carvalho Hyphessobrycon comodoro Dagosta, Seren, Ferreira & Marinho, and H. hexastichos Bertaco & Carvalho. In addition, three benthic rheophilic fishes co-occur with K. ytuanama: Melanocharacidium dispilomma Buckup, Phenacorhamdia sp. and Cetopsorhamdia sp. 1 (cf. Ohara & Loeb, 2016: 4–5; figs. 4–5). Stomach contents of two paratypes revealed only the presence of ants. Etymology. The specific epithet ytuanama derives from the Tupi language, from the words ytu, waterfall, and anama, friend, and it refers to the fast-flowing habitat of the new species. A noun in apposition.Published as part of Ferreira, Katiane M. & Ohara, Willian Massaharu, 2023, A new rheophilic species of Knodus Eigenmann (Characiformes: Characidae Stevardiinae) from the upper rio Juruena, rio Tapajós basin, Chapada dos Parecis Mato Grosso, Brazil, pp. 365-377 in Zootaxa 5227 (3) on pages 366-373, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5227.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/751880
Corydoras pavanelliae Tencatt & Ohara 2016
No full textCorydoras pavanelliae Tencatt & Ohara, 2016a: e150063[9], fig. 6. Paratypes: 2 lots, 20 specimens — NUP 17314, 17, 20.8–30.7 mm SL; NUP 17315, 3 c&s, 24.7–26.8 mm SL: Brazil, Mato Grosso, Colniza, Guariba District, tributary to the rio Guariba, rio Aripuanã drainage, rio Madeira basin, 09°06’47.4”S, 60°25’14.1”W, W.M. Ohara, D.B. Hungria & B. Barros, 15 Jul 2013.Published as part of De Oliveira, Rianne C., Ota, Renata R., Deprá, Gabriel C., Zawadzki, Cláudio H., Pavanelli, Carla S. & Da Graça, Weferson J., 2022, Catalog of type specimens of the fish collection of the Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura (NUP), Universidade Estadual de Maringá Paraná, Brazil, pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 5128 (1) on page 12, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5128.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/647949
Corydoras zawadzkii Tencatt & Ohara 2016
No full textCorydoras zawadzkii Tencatt & Ohara, 2016b: 433, fig. 1. Paratypes: 2 lots, 5 specimens — NUP 17823, 4, 43.8–46.8 mm SL; NUP 17824, 1 c&s, 39.9 mm SL; Brazil, Mato Grosso, Colniza, Guariba District, igarapé Pica-Pau, a tributary to the rio Juma, rio Aripuanã drainage, rio Madeira basin, 09°22’27”S, 60°02’59”W, W.M. Ohara, D.B. Hungria & B. Barros, 16 Jul 2013.Published as part of De Oliveira, Rianne C., Ota, Renata R., Deprá, Gabriel C., Zawadzki, Cláudio H., Pavanelli, Carla S. & Da Graça, Weferson J., 2022, Catalog of type specimens of the fish collection of the Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura (NUP), Universidade Estadual de Maringá Paraná, Brazil, pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 5128 (1) on page 12, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5128.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/647949
W.M. Rupert letter, October 7, 1914
No full textW.M. Rupert wrote this letter on October 7, 1914, in response to a letter he received. He explained that although he was an ordained minister, he had been working as a salesman for six years. However, he said he would gladly speak on behalf of temperance and the women's suffrage movement. He believed that he would be able to deliver a better speech and draw a larger crowd on account of the fact that he was a working man. He said he would be pleased to speak in any type of settlement in Ohio, and he would pay his own expenses if the organization (the Franklin County Woman Suffrage Association) would provide the rooms and announce his speaking engagements. He requested rooms along car lines in order to be able to show the people what women have done.
The Franklin County Woman Suffrage Association was formed in 1912, after the Ohio Constitutional Convention elected to bring to a vote the question of removing the words "white male" from the state constitution with regard to voting rights. Headquartered in the Chamber of Commerce building in Columbus, Ohio, the organization put out regular publications, organized public speeches and meetings, distributed literature and held parades in support of the suffrage movement. Women's suffrage in Ohio was defeated in a special election in 1912 and again in 1914 and 1916 before a resolution narrowly passed in 1917 allowing municipal voting by women in Columbus. In 1920, the 19th Amendment passed, extending the vote to women and prohibiting state and federal government from denying suffrage on the basis of sex
W.M. of Philadelphia to Mr. Meredith (October 1962)
No full textSigned by W.M. of Philadelphiahttps://egrove.olemiss.edu/mercorr_anti/1066/thumbnail.jp
Corydoras hephaestus Ohara, Tencatt & Britto 2016
No full text<i>Corydoras hephaestus</i> Ohara, Tencatt & Britto, 2016: 542, fig. 1. <p> <b>Paratype:</b> 1 lot, 1 specimen —NUP 18142, 1, 27.8 mm SL: Brazil, Rondônia, Vilhena, tributary of Igarapé Piracolina, upper Rio Machado, Rio Madeira basin, near the road BR-364, 12°48’56”S, 60°06’37”W, W.M. Ohara & P.L. Cunha, 3 Sep 2014.</p>Published as part of <i>De Oliveira, Rianne C., Ota, Renata R., Deprá, Gabriel C., Zawadzki, Cláudio H., Pavanelli, Carla S. & Da Graça, Weferson J., 2022, Catalog of type specimens of the fish collection of the Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura (NUP), Universidade Estadual de Maringá Paraná, Brazil, pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 5128 (1)</i> on page 11, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5128.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/6479497">http://zenodo.org/record/6479497</a>
Phycocharax Rasbora, A New Genus And Species Of Brazilian Tetra (characiformes: Characidae) From Serra Do Cachimbo, Rio Tapajós Basin
No full textA new genus and species of characid fish is described from rio Braço Norte, a tributary of rio Teles Pires, Tapajós basin, Mato Groso, Brazil. The new taxa can be diagnosed from the remaining characids by a unique combination of characters that includes the presence of a single row of relatively compressed premaxillary teeth, large teeth with four to nine cusps on premaxillary and dentary, absence of pseudotympanum, incomplete lateral line with 7-13 pored scales, sexually-dimorphic males with distal margin of anal fin approximately straight, and presence of a nearly triangular and horizontally elongated blotch from the posterior half of the body to caudal peduncle. The most parsimonious phylogenetic hypothesis, using morphological data, recovered the new genus and species in a clade including Paracheirodon axelrodi and Hyphessobrycon elachys. © 2017 Ohara et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.12
Evaluating Teachers' Quality Improvement Policy in Indonesia: To meet the UNESCO-EFA criteria
No full textIndonesia as one of the state members of UNESCO committed to achieve main goal of Education for All (EFA) UNESCO which is to improve education quality in the world. The education quality is inseparable from the teacher quality. Therefore the UNESCO and Indonesia put high concern to improve the teacher quality. Since Indonesian Government put high effort to achieve the UNESCO goal, the policies need to be evaluated in order to analyze whether those policies have met the criteria of EFA-UNESCO or not. A policy recommendation is presented if the policies are not effective to improve the teacher quality in Indonesia. Three research questions are answered in this research: (1) To what extent has the Indonesia government met the teacher quality of EFA? (2) What factors influence the criteria that have (not) met the EFA goal? (3) What role can the Ministry of National Education put to support the Indonesian government to achieve the EFA goal in more effective way?. In order to answer the research questions, three major methods were used: desk research, interviews, and policy analysis using causal relation diagram and multi criteria decision making. The desk research includes the literature studies of the related institutions reports such as UNESCO and Ministry of National Education. The interviews are executed via telephone to the related actors. The causal relation diagram is used to analyze the problem by capturing the teacher quality system and to identify what are the influencing factors. The policy analysis methods like system diagram, means end diagram, and actor network analysis is used to analyze what policy means can be proposed to solve the problem. Lastly, the proposed policy robustness is tested using a scenario analysis. Based on six criteria from Task Force on Teacher for EFA (TFTA) UNESCO, Indonesia is considered to fulfill the number of teacher needed, gender balance in teaching profession, and has good policies to improve teacher quality. However Indonesia still has to increase the student survival rate, lower the student repetition rate, and has to train and recruit many teachers. Indonesia is categorized as a country with the moderate level of achievement. When we look deeper to the Indonesia teacher condition and compare the assessment based on TFTE UNESCO criteria and Indonesian Government criteria, we can capture a different conclusion. According to UNESCO criteria, Indonesia fulfilled the teacher number needed but the unbalance teacher distribution leads to shortage number of teachers in many areas, especially the rural areas. The UNESCO also concludes that the gender balance in teaching profession has been achieved but we can see gender disparities since more male teachers are holding undergraduate degree. Moreover although the certification policy to improve the teacher quality is good in its implementation; a problem occurs after a teacher is certified. Many teachers cannot acquire their professional allowances because they cannot fulfill their obligation to teach 24 hours. There are two big problems which hamper the teacher quality improvement: (1) the unbalance teacher distribution between cities and rural areas and (2) the high teacher workload. The unbalance teacher number hampers teachers to fulfill their obligation to teach 24 hours per week. Meanwhile the high teacher workload limits teacher self-study time. The formulation of new teacher distribution management policy at province and national level is recommended to balance the number of teacher in the rural areas and the cities. When the district cannot fulfill their need of teacher, the province government helps to manage the teacher movement from one district to other district within the province; and when the province cannot fulfill the need of teacher, the Ministry facilitates the teacher movement from one province to other province. Meanwhile comprehensive teaching method development is recommended to reduce the teacher workload and to increase their quality. This comprehensive teaching method includes the teacher guidebook, student book, evaluation book and innovative teaching tools.Policy AnalysisMulti Actor SystemsTechnology, Policy and Managemen
Hyphessobrycon petricolus Ohara, Lima & Barros, 2017, new species
No full textHyphessobrycon petricolus new species (Figs. 1, 3) Holotype. MZUSP 120694, 37.1 mm SL, Brazil, Mato Grosso, Colniza, stream tributary to the rio Roosevelt, 9°8’40”S 60°45’5”W; 14 Jul 2013, W.M. Ohara & D.B. Hungria. Paratypes. MZUSP 118564, 6, 2.3–42.8 mm SL (2 c&s, 24.9–30.3 mm SL), 22.9–31.3 mm SL; MZUSP 118565, 5, 33.1–42.1 mm SL; ZUEC 13040, 2, 32.4–42.7 mm SL; ANSP 201030, 2, 35.8–41.9 mm SL; INPA 53140, 2, 28.8–39.7 mm SL: same data as holotype. Diagnosis. Hyphessobrycon petricolus differs from all of its congeners with exception of H. cachimbensis Travassos, H. cyanotaenia Zarske & Géry, H. fernandezi, H. melanostichos Carvalho & Bertaco, H. nigricinctus, H. paucilepis García-Alzate, Román-Valencia & Taphorn, H. psittacus Dagosta, Marinho, Camelier & Lima, H. scholzei, H. sovichthys Schultz, H. stegemanni Géry, H. taphorni, H. tuyensis, and H. vilmae Géry, by the presence of a well-defined, relatively narrow dark midlateral stripe on body extending to middle caudal-fin rays (vs. absence of a well-defined longitudinal stripe, or midlateral dark stripe becoming blurred towards caudal peduncle). Hyphessobrycon petricolus differs from all the aforementioned species, with exception of H. cyanotaenia, H. cachimbensis, H. melanostichos, and H. nigricinctus, by the presence of a humeral blotch (vs. humeral blotch absent in H. fernandezi, H. paucilepis, H. psittacus, H. scholzei, H. sovichthys, H. stegemanni, H. taphorni, H. tuyensis, and H. vilmae). It can be distinguished from H. melanostichos and H. cyanotaenia by midlateral dark stripe starting at trunk, posteriorly to the opercle (vs. midlateral dark stripe starting behind eye); and from H. nigricinctus and H. cachimbensis by having 16–20 branched anal-fin rays (vs. 22–26 in H. nigricinctus; 21–25 in H. cachimbensis). It can be additionally distinguished from H. nigricinctus by number of scales above the lateral line (5 vs. 7–8) and by presenting a thinner midlateral stripe, which does not overlap dorsally with the midlateral stripe (vs. midlateral stripe broad, almost completely overlapping humeral blotch except for a small ventral projection); and from H. cachimbensis by presenting 3–6 maxillary teeth (vs. 1–2) and by presenting inner premaxillary teeth with a lower number of cusps (up to 5 cusps, vs. 7 or more). Description. Morphometric data for the holotype and paratypes presented in Table 1. Body compressed, moderately short and deep. Greatest body depth situated slightly anterior to vertical through dorsal-fin origin. Dorsal profile of head convex from tip of upper jaw to vertical through anterior nostril; straight or slightly concave from that point to tip of supraoccipital spine. Dorsal profile of body convex from supraoccipital spine tip to base of last dorsal-fin ray, approximately straight from that point to adipose-fin insertion and slightly concave between adipose-fin insertion and origin of anterior most dorsal procurrent caudal-fin ray. Ventral profile of head and body convex from tip of dentary to anal-fin insertion. Body profile along anal-fin base straight and posterodorsally slanted. Ventral profile of caudal peduncle slightly concave. Jaws equal, mouth terminal. Posterior terminus of maxilla reaching vertical through anterior third of eye. Maxilla approximately at 45 degree angle relative to longitudinal axis of body. Nostrils close to each other, anterior opening circular, posterior opening crescent-shaped. Nostrils separated by narrow flap of skin. Premaxillary teeth in two rows; outer teeth row with 2(1), 3(10), or 4*(4) tricuspid teeth; inner teeth row with 5*(7) or 6(1) teeth with three to five cusps, symphyseal tooth of inner series narrow and asymmetric with 4(14) cusps. Maxilla with 3(1), 4*(9), 5(3), or 6(2) teeth along anteroventral margin, with one or three cusps (Fig. 2); anterior most tooth usually largest. Dentary with 4(1) or 5(8) tri- to pentacuspid teeth, followed by series of 8(1), 9(2), 10(3), 11(1), or 13(1) small conical or tricuspid teeth, considerably smaller than anterior teeth. Central cusp of all teeth most developed than remaining lateral cusps; cusp tips slightly curved inward on dentary teeth, and outward on premaxillary teeth (Fig. 2). Scales cycloid, moderately large, with 4 to 8 radii strongly marked; circuli weakly marked proximally. Lateral line slightly deflected downward and incompletely pored, with 5(1), 6(1), 7*(7), 8 (5), or 9(1) perforated scales. Longitudinal scales series including lateral-line scales 30(2), 31(7), or 32*(4). Longitudinal scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line 5*(15). Longitudinal scale rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin 3(9) or 4*(5). Scales in median series between tip of supraoccipital spine and dorsal-fin origin 9(2) or 10*(11). Horizontal scale rows around caudal peduncle 12*(12) or 13(2). Single row of 3(2) or 4(3) scales covering base of anterior most anal-fin rays. Caudal fin with scales only basally. Dorsal-fin rays ii, 9(15); small ossification anterior to first unbranched ray present in two of the c&s specimens. Dorsal-fin origin at middle of standard length and slightly posterior to vertical through pelvic-fin origin. First unbranched dorsal-fin ray shorter than second ray. First dorsal-fin pterygiophore located behind neural spine of 9th (1) vertebrae. Adipose fin present. Anal-fin rays iv, 16(1), 17*(2), 18(8), 19(2), or 20(2), anteriormost rays slightly longer, subsequent rays gradually decreasing in size; distal margin of anal fin slightly concave. Pectoral-fin rays i, 9(1), 10(3) or 11*(11). Tip of pectoral fin reaching vertical at pelvic-fin insertion. Pelvic-fin rays i, 7(15). Tip of pelvic fin falling slightly short of reaching anal-fin insertion (reaching in a single specimen). Principal caudal-fin rays 10+9(15). Caudal fin forked, lobes somewhat pointed and of similar size. Ten (1) or 11 (1) dorsal procurrent caudal-fin rays and 7(1) or 9(1) ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays. Vertebrae 32 (1) or 33 (1). Supraneurals 4 (1) or 5 (1); precaudal and caudal vertebrae 16(1) or 17(1), respectively. Branchiostegal rays 4(2). First gill arch with 1(1) or 2(1) hypobranchial, 8(1) or 9(1) ceratobranchial, 1(1) on cartilage between ceratobranchial and epibranchial, and 6(1) or 7(1) epibranchial gill-rakers. Color in alcohol. Overall ground coloration of head and body beige (Fig. 1). Dorsal portion of head and body dark. Snout, tip of dentary, maxilla, antorbital and infraorbitals 1 and 2 with a dense concentration of small dark chromatophores, imparting an overall dark coloration. Infraorbitals 3–6, opercle and preopercle with scattered dark chromatophores. Uppermost two scale rows darkened, clearly contrasting with clearer area along third scale row situated immediately above midlateral stripe. Humeral blotch moderately conspicuous, vertically elongated, mostly overlapping with midlateral stripe, relatively diffuse where not overlapping, extending approximately two scales horizontally and one vertically. A conspicuous, relatively broad dark midlateral stripe on body, extending posteriorly along trunk from immediately behind opercle to tip of middle caudal-fin rays. Clear stripe parallel and immediately above to dark midlateral stripe extending from opercle to end of caudal peduncle. Abdominal region with scattered dark chromatophores. Small dark chromatophores scattered on interradial membranes of all fins, sometimes over rays of caudal and dorsal fins. Pelvic, dorsal and anal fins with dark chromatophores scattered along interradial membranes. Adipose fin with scattered dark pigmentation. Caudal-fin median rays with narrow dark stripe continuous with the dark midlateral stripe. Caudal-peduncle blotch absent, midlateral stripe slightly broader at caudal peduncle in two of the examined specimens (MZUSP 120694, holotype, and MZUSP 118564, 42.8 mm SL). Color in life. Based on photographs taken in the field of three specimens (Fig. 3) Infraorbitals 2, 3, and 4, opercle, preopercle, and abdominal region covered with guanine, imparting a silvery hue. Upper lip and upper half of dentary faintly brown (yellow in juveniles). Top of head and dorsum dark brown, with an olive hue. Humeral blotch and dark midlateral stripe dark, very conspicuous. Yellowish to golden stripe parallel and immediately above to dark midlateral stripe extending from immediately behind opercle to caudal peduncle terminus Dorsal portion of eye red, lower portion clear, with a silvery hue. Dorsal, pelvic, adipose, caudal and anal fins yellow to orange. Pectoral fin hyaline. Sexual dimorphism. Bony hooks on fins, a common dimorphic feature in characids (Malabarba & Weitzman, 2003), were not found in any specimens of Hyphessobrycon petricolus. Distribution. The new species is so far only known from its type locality, a small tributary of the middle rio Roosevelt, rio Aripuanã drainage, rio Madeira basin, northwestern Mato Grosso State, Brazil (Fig. 4). Ecological notes. The type locality of Hyphessobrycon petricolus is a small, black water stream 1.5–4 m wide and 0.3–1.5 m deep, with swift water current, and rocky bottom (Fig. 5 a), upstream a large waterfall (Fig. 5 b). The stream run across a small cerrado-vegetation enclave situated within Amazon forest. Individuals of Hyphessobrycon petricolus were captured near of surface during the night in small groups of 2 to 4 individuals. Other species sampled syntopically were: Aequidens sp., Erythrinus erythrinus, Pyrrhulina sp., Synbranchus sp. and Tatia cf. brunnea. Etymology. The specific name petricolus derives from the Latin petra meaning rock and colus, to abide, to dwell, referring to the occurrence of the species in a rocky-bottomed stream. An adjective. Remarks. The new species described herein would be assignable to the Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus group as defined by Géry (1977), by the presence of a conspicuous midlateral stripe. However, the Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus group was recently restricted to include only Hyphessobrycon species presenting a midlateral stripe continuous with the humeral blotch that is blurred towards the caudal peduncle, typically not reaching it (Lima et al. 2014). Among the Hyphessobrycon species presenting a conspicuous midlateral stripe extending to the caudal peduncle, Hyphessobrycon petricolus is more similar to H. cachimbensis, H. cyanotaenia, H. melanostichos, and H. nigricinctus, by sharing with these species the presence of a humeral blotch partially overlapping with the midlateral stripe (Dagosta et al. 2016). Hyphessobrycon petricolus can be distinguished from the aforementioned species by the characters mentioned in the Diagnosis. Whether the Hyphessobrycon species presenting a conspicuous midlateral stripe represent a monophyletic clade or not is an issue still open to further investigation.Published as part of Ohara, Willian M., Lima, Flávio C. T. & Barros, Bruno S., 2017, Hyphessobrycon petricolus, a new species of tetra (Characiformes: Characidae) from the rio Madeira basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil, pp. 242-250 in Zootaxa 4221 (2) on pages 243-247, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.24869
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