1,721,148 research outputs found
An averaging method for optical triangulation displacement sensors using diffraction grating
No full textOptical triangulation displacement sensors are widely used in many applications due to the advantages of noncontact measurement, simple structure, good resolution, and long operating range. However, they commonly have several errors, such as speckle effects and electronic noises, etc. Among them, reducing electronic noises is very tedious and hard. To reduce the effect of electronic noises, conventional systems use sequential averaging techniques. Since electronic noises are random in nature, their variances can be reduced with an averaging operation. However, the averaging is inherently a time-consuming process which requires many measurements. To reduce the time for averaging and the number of measurements, several sensor modules or faster signal processing hardware are required. Therefore, these alternatives are not cost effective and increase the size of the measurement system. In this article, we propose a simple and cost-effective system structure for optical triangulation displacement sensors, which reduces time for averaging and the number of measurements by using a transmission-type diffraction grating. The diffraction grating helps us to obtain several signals simultaneously. Therefore, it is achievable to reduce time for averaging and the number of measurements. The feasibility of the proposed system was verified through experiments. When only two diffracted orders are used for obtaining signals, the rms of noise is reduced by 1/root2. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics.This work was supported in part by the Brain Korea 21 Project
Deveolpment of fiber type surface plasmon resonace sensor for protein detection
No full textCopyright 2003 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.Financial support from Center for Ultramicrochemical Process Systems sponsored by KOSEF is gratefully
acknowledged
Concentrations of <i>p</i>-OH SB-3CT after multiple-dose s.c. administration.
No full text<p><sup><i>a</i></sup> Concentrations in pmol/mg tissue</p><p><sup><i>b</i></sup> Concentrations in μM</p><p><sup><i>c</i></sup> NQ = not quantifiable</p><p>AUC = area under the curve</p><p><sup><i>d</i></sup><i>AUC</i> in pmol·min/mg for brain and in μM·min for plasma</p><p>Concentrations of <i>p</i>-OH SB-3CT after multiple-dose s.c. administration.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Calibration method for rotating-analyser-type spectral imaging ellipsometers
No full textData reduction and calibration procedures are introduced for a,novel rotating-analyser-type spectral imaging ellipsometer. Using a monaxial power spectrograph, we developed a unique spectral imaging ellipsometer. It combines one-dimensional imaging ellipsometry with spectroscopic ellipsometry, and enables real-time measurement of the optical parameters and dimensional structures of patterned or multilayered thin film. It also has more calibration factors than conventional ellipsometers. We therefore present a method using Jones matrices for describing the polarization sensitivity of the spectrograph and random noise of the CCD array. For a patterned SiO2 layer on a silicon wafer, we used the spectral imaging ellipsometer to obtain a one-dimensional thickness profile.For this research, the authors acknowledge the support of the
NT-BTMeasurement and Manipulation Project and the Center
for Nanoscale Mechatronics and Manufacturing
NESS: a Speech-Enhancement Technique for Robust Speech Recognition in Real-World Noisy Environment
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