1,720,955 research outputs found
Genetics of resistance to Trypanosoma congolense infection
No full textThe principal goals of this investigation were (1) to study the inheritance of resistance to Trypanosoma congolense in mice, (2) to develop an assay for assessing the activity of the murine alternative pathway of complement based on its opsonizing activity, and (3) to determine if the opsonizing ability of the alternative pathway correlates with the genetic control of resistance to T. congolense in mice. To achieve these objectives, susceptible BALB/c and resistant C57BL/6 mice were crossed to produce reciprocal F1 and F2 generations. Ten-week old, female mice were infected with 103 T. congolense parasites. T. congolense became detectable in the blood of infected mice on day 4 in both susceptible and resistant mice and the growths of parasitaemia were similar for the next 24 hours. By day 6, BALB/c mice had higher parasitaemias than C57BL/6 mice (p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Quantitative analysis of antigen-mediated CD4 T cell - CD4 T cell cooperation determining the Th1/Th2 phenotype of a primary immune response
Get PDFSeveral variables have been found to affect the Th1/Th2 differentiation of newly activated CD4 T cells. This phenotype can be critical in determining effectiveness of immune responses. Experiments in this thesis were undertaken to better define the in-vivo cellular interactions involved in determining the Th1/Th2 phenotype of newly activated CD4 T cells.Lethally irradiated BALB/c mice reconstituted with a constant number of syngeneic, naive spleen cells were challenged with xenogeneic red blood cells (XRBC) conjugated to ovalbumin (OVA) and the Th1/Th2 phenotype of the anti-XRBC response assessed. Antigen-specific interferon-gamma (IFN-g) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) secreting cells obtained from spleens of immunized mice were enumerated by an ELISPOT assay; the relative number of IFN-g- and IL-4-producing cells is taken as a relative measure of Th1 and Th2 components of the response. When challenged with a ‘standard’ dose of XRBC-OVA, predominant Th1 responses are generated; when challenged with a ten-fold lower dose, such reconstituted mice do not generate significant responses. This adoptive transfer system was employed to explore further the relationships between quantitative changes in the dose of immunizing antigen and the number of responding antigen-specific CD4 T cells, and the Th1/Th2 phenotype of immune responses generated. Unprimed transgenic CD4 T cells specific for OVA can modulate the Th1/Th2 phenotype of the anti-XRBC response upon immunization with XRBC-OVA. Addition of a small number of naive transgenic spleen cells to the standard reconstituting population of normal spleen cells results in the generation of significant numbers of SRBC-specific Th2 cells when mice are challenged with a ‘standard’ dose, or can generate predominant Th1 responses when mice are challenged with a ten-fold lower dose. Transgenic cells only impact the Th1/Th2 phenotype of CD4 T cells specific for XRBC when OVA is linked to the XRBC. That CD4 T cells specific for different antigens cooperate only through the recognition of linked antigenic determinants has important implications for many aspects of immune regulation. Observations further show that thymocytes from transgenic mice can influence the XRBC-specific response phenotype in an identical manner as transgenic spleen cells, suggesting that previously polarized pro-Th1/Th2 cells are not required in the cooperative events influencing Th1/Th2 phenotype of newly activated CD4 T cells.These observations lead to a quantitative description, whereby antigen-mediated CD4 T cell cooperation can affect the Th1/Th2 phenotype of a primary antigen-specific immune response, and provide a context for further analysis at the molecular level
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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