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Differential effects of early life stress and schizophrenia on the development of impulse control disorder = Imiphumela ehlukene yengcindezi yempilo engasekuqaleni kanye nokusangana ekuthuthukiseni ukulawula isifo esivumbuka kungahlelekile.
No full textDoctoral Degree. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban.Background: Early life stress (ELS) and parental psychopathology, such as schizophrenia, have profound effect on neurobiological and behavioral outcomes in later life. While previous studies in human have explored the individual effects of ELS and parental schizophrenia (PSZ), this study investigates their interactive effects.
Objectives: This study aimed to comprehensively examine the impact of ELS and schizophrenia like symptoms on locomotion, anxiety and depressive like behavior, spatial memory, social interaction and neuro-inflammation in Sprague-Dawley rats.
Methods: Male and female Sprague-Dawley pups were randomly assigned to eight groups: control, ELS, Ketamine to induce schizophrenia like symptoms (KSZ), and ELS + KSZ. ELS was induced through prenatal stress and maternal separation (MS), while schizophrenia-like behaviour was induced by ketamine administration (KSZ). Ketamine was administered intraperitoneal to the dams, while subcutaneous to the pups as per previously published studies. Behavioral assay, including open field, Morris water maze, social interaction behaviour, and sucrose preference test, was conducted. Neuro-inflammation was through quantification of glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytes density and inflammatory biomarkers. Results: ELS and KSZ on dams exhibited enduring effects on particularly psychomotor retardation (p < 0.05).
Anxiety and depressive like behavior was elevated in the ELS (p = 0.023) and KSZ on dams (p =0.017) groups compared to controls. The combined ELS and KSZ groups showed the highest anxiety and depressive like outcomes (p = 0.006). Additionally, spatial memory and cognitive impairment in pups were observed due to the combined impact of ELS and KSZ, which was associated with a decrease in astrocyte density and dysregulation of neuro-inflammatory markers (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: This study highlights the interactive effects of ELS and KSZ on behavior, neurodevelopment, and neuro-inflammation in rats. Both ELS and KSZ in parents were linked to anhedonia, subsequently anxiety-like behavior, and ultimately psychomotor, spatial memory, and cognitive decline in rats. Positive parenting was associated with astrocyte regeneration (p < 0.05) and cognitive improvement. Understanding these complex interactions provides insights into the challenges associated with these stressors and offers potential therapeutic avenues.
Iqoqa.
Isendlalelo: ingcindezi ekuqaleni kwempilo kanye nobuzali ekuziphatheni kwesifo sengqondo, njengokusangana, kuba nomphumela omkhulu ohlelwenimizwa kanye nemiphumela yokuziphatha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi empilweni. Izifundo ezedlule ngomuntu ziyiphenyile imiphumela ngomuntu mayelana nengcindezi ekuqaleni kwempilo kanye nobuzali ekuphazamisekeni kwengqondo (PSZ). Lolu cwaningo luphenya imiphumela ethelelanayo.
Izinhloso: lolu cwaningo luhlose ngokubanzi ukucwaninga imiphumela yengcindezi ekuqaleni kwempilo kanye nokusangana njengezimpawu zokudlathuzela, ixhala kanye nokuziphatha okunobukhwantalala, ukugcinwa kolwazi engqondweni, ukuphilisana ngokwenhlalo kanye nokuvuvukala kwemizwa yengqondo ngokukaSprague-Dawley emagundaneni.
Izindlelakwenza: imidlwane yenduna neyensikazi kaSprague-Dawley yakhethwa ngokungahlelekile yanikezwa amaqoqa ayisishiyagalombili: ukulawulwa, i-ELS, Ketamine ukulandela ukusangana njengezimpawu i-KSZ, kanye ne-ELS+KSZ. I-ELS yalandelwa ngokwengcindezi engaphambi kokuzalwa ngesikhathi sokumitha nokuhlukaniswa nonina (MS), ngesikhathi ukuziphatha okusakusangana kwalandelwa ukusetshenziswa kweketamine (KSZ). Iketamine yafakwa ngaphakathi ontwentwesini lwenxasisu yemidlwane esemadamini, ngesikhathi futhi ifakwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba semidlwane njengokusho kocwaningo olushicilelwe ngokwedlule. Ukuziphatha ngokuhlola ingqondo, kufaka insimu evulekile, amanzi amazombe ngokukaMorris, ukuziphatha ngokwenhlalo, kanye nesivivinyo esikhethekile sikashukela, kwenziwa. Ukuvuvukala kwaba ngenxa yequantification yeglial fibrillary yensiza zakhamzimba nokugqishelana kwe-astrocytes kanye nokuvuvukala kwebiomarkers.
Imiphumela:
Ixhala kanye nengcindezi njengokuziphatha kwaphakanyiswa kuyo i-ELS (p=0.023) and KSZ emadamini (p=0.017) yamaqoqo yaqhathaniswa nabaqashelwe. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-ELS kanye neKSZ kwatshengisa ixhala elikhulu kanye nengcindezi njengemiphumela (p=0.006). Ngokunezezela, isikhala ngokukhumbula kanye nokulimaza umqondo kwafakelwa izibuko ngenxa yokuhlangana kwesisindo se-ELS kanye neKSZ, okumataniswa nekwehla kwesisindo se-astrocyte kanye nokungalawulwa kwezinkomba zokuvuvukala ngokomqondo (p<0,05).
Isiphetho: lolu cwaningo lugqamisa imiphumela ethelelanayo ye-ELS kanye ne-KSZ ekuziphatheni, ukuthuthuka ngokwasengqondo, nokuvuvukala kwengqondo emagundaneni. Kokubili i-ELS kanye ne-KSZ kubazali kwaxhunyaniswa ne-anhedonia, kwalandela ukuziphatha okusaxhala, kwasekuthi ekugcineni ubudlelwanokusebenza kwengqondo nomzimba, ukugcinwa kolwazi engqondweni, nokufadalala kwenqubokucabanga emagundaneni. Ubuzali obuhle kwamataniswa nokuvuselelwa kwe-astrocyte (p<0,005) kanye nokubangcono komqondo. Ukuqonda ukuthelelana okudidayo kokuphilisana kwanikeza ulwazi mayelana nezinselelo ezimataniswa nezimbangangcindezi kwanikeza namathuba okwelapha okungase kwenziwe
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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