1,721,111 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Advancing Monitoring Strategies - less-invasive methods for detecting change in fish communities in Baltic Sea Marine Protected Areas
No full textMarine protected areas (MPAs) and in particular no-take zones can contribute to restore ecosystem function and structure, support biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services and may help sustaining fisheries. The area dedicated to marine protection has increased globally and will further increase due to political regulations, such as the EU Biodiversity Strategy. The conservation objectives of MPAs often include the recovery of populations of vulnerable and exploited species, such as fish species or populations. To assess whether conservation objectives are being met and with that ensure effective MPA management, robust monitoring is required. However, traditional monitoring methods, such as bottom trawling, are likely to conflict with conservation objectives of MPAs leading to the increasing importance of non-invasive alternatives.
Therefore, this thesis focuses on the development and evaluation of non-invasive monitoring methods for the detection of changes in sandy-bottom demersal fish communities in MPAs in the German Baltic Sea, a brackish, low diversity environment. Thereby, the particular focus was on the evaluation of video-based methods.
At first a literature review was conducted to identify available monitoring methods based on four criteria as well as highlighting their advantages and disadvantages (Study I). Based on this, a fit-for purpose guide was developed and applied to the case of monitoring Baltic Sea MPAs. The findings indicate, that besides traditional bottom trawling, alternative less-invasive methods, including video-based approaches, could be sufficient for specific research purposes. However, available methods require further development regarding sampling design and standardization of methods, which is crucial for robust monitoring programs and the comparability with established surveys. This study complements the general introduction of this thesis and forms the foundation for the subsequent studies.
Video-based methods have been identified as a potential alternative for the monitoring of demersal fish communities in the Baltic Sea, being one of the methods closest to being non-invasive (Study I). For example, remote underwater video (RUV) has been successfully used in many bioregions on a global scale. To evaluate whether RUV represents a non-invasive alternative to beam trawling, commonly used diversity metrics were compared and sampling effort was assessed. The results indicate that RUV generally exhibits lower precision and requires greater sampling effort than beam trawling. Moreover, its applicability is limited by low taxonomic resolution and reduced species detectability (Study II).
Recognizing the limitations of RUVs, Study III aimed to enhance the performance by employing baited remote underwater video (BRUVs) and optimizing the sampling design, including the number of stations and deployment duration. The addition of bait led to a clear improvement in performance, as shown by comparisons of commonly used biodiversity metrics derived from RUVs and BRUVs. The optimal sampling design for BRUVs was estimated to involve 33-minute deployments at 20 sampling stations. Nevertheless, low taxonomic resolution remained a limiting factor, primarily due to the specific environmental conditions (e.g., visibility, similar morphological features of fish species) of the Baltic Sea (Study III).
Overall, the findings of this thesis suggests that while RUVs and BRUVs may not be fully suitable for detecting changes in overall fish diversity in low-diversity sandy habitats, they can be effective for investigating specific groups or targeted research objectives. The investigation of other alternatives or the complementary use of methods, such as eDNA sampling, may facilitate the monitoring of these communities. Recommendations for efficient sampling design can be applied in similar ecosystems worldwide. While the findings of this thesis contribute to improving non-invasive monitoring approaches, they also emphasize the importance of pilot studies to optimize sampling strategies for the unique conditions of the Baltic Sea, as insights from other bioregions may not be directly transferable.
Meeresschutzgebiete (Marine Protected Areas, MPAs), insbesondere solche, die keiner Nutzung unterliegen, können zur Wiederherstellung von Ökosystemfunktionen und -strukturen beitragen, die Erhaltung der biologischen Vielfalt und von Ökosystemleistungen unterstützen und zum Erhalt der Fischerei beitragen. Die für den Meeresschutz ausgewiesene Fläche hat weltweit deutlich zugenommen und wird infolge politischer Vorgaben, wie etwa der EU-Biodiversitätsstrategie, weiter steigen. Dabei umfassen, die Schutzziele von Meeresschutzgebieten häufig die Erholung von Populationen bedrohter und ausgebeuteter Arten, wie z.B. Fischarten oder Fischbeständen. Um zu beurteilen, ob die Schutzziele erreicht werden und somit ein effektives Management zu gewährleisten, ist ein robustes Monitoring erforderlich. Die Anwendung traditioneller Standardmethoden zur Datenaufnahmen, wie z.B. der Einsatz von Grundschleppnetzen zur Erfassung der Fischfauna, kann allerdings in Konflikt mit den Schutzzielen stehen. Dadurch entsteht der zunehmende Bedarf an nicht-invasiven Methoden zur Datenerhebung.
Der Fokus dieser Dissertation liegt in der Entwicklung und Evaluierung nicht-invasiver Monitoring Methoden zur Erfassung der Veränderungen in demersalen Fischgemeinschaften in sandigen Habitaten in der Ostsee, einem Brackwassermeer mit geringer Artenvielfalt. Dabei lag ein besonderer Schwerpunkt auf der Evaluierung der Anwendbarkeit von video-basierten Methoden.
Zunächst wurde eine Literaturanalyse durchgeführt, um verfügbare Monitoring Methoden anhand von vier Kriterien zu identifizieren und ihre jeweiligen Vor- und Nachteile herauszuarbeiten. Auf dieser Basis wurde ein Leitfaden entwickelt und auf das Monitoring von Meeresschutzgebieten (MPAs) in der Ostsee angewendet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass neben dem Einsatz von Grundschleppnetzen auch alternative, weniger invasive Methoden – darunter video-basierte Methoden – für bestimmte Fragestellungen geeignet sein können. Allerdings besteht bei den verfügbaren Methoden weiterhin Entwicklungsbedarf hinsichtlich der Probennahme Strategie und der Standardisierung, um robuste Monitoring Programme zu entwickeln und die Vergleichbarkeit mit traditionellen Monitoring Programmen sicherzustellen (Studie I). Diese Studie ergänzt die allgemeine Einleitung und bildet die Grundlage für die nachfolgenden Studien.
Videobasierte Methoden wurden als potenzielle, nicht-invasive Alternative für das Monitoring der demersalen und benthischen Fischgemeinschaften in der Ostsee identifiziert (Studie I). Innerhalb dieser hat sich der Einsatz von stationären Videoeinheiten (Remote Underwater Video, RUV) bereits in zahlreichen Regionen weltweit bewährt. Zur Bewertung, ob der Einsatz von RUVs eine nicht-invasive Alternative zur Datenaufnahme mit Baumkurren darstellen könnte, wurden gängige Diversitätsmetriken verglichen und der erforderliche Probennahme aufwand analysiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass RUVs im Vergleich zur Baumkurre in der Regel eine geringere Präzision aufweisen und einen höheren Aufwand bei der Probenahme erfordern. Zudem ist die Anwendbarkeit von RUVs durch eine begrenzte taxonomische Auflösung sowie eine eingeschränkte Erfassung der Diversität limitiert. (Studie II).
Angesichts der begrenzten Effektivität von RUVs hatte Studie III das Ziel, die Effizienz durch den Einsatz von beköderten Unterwasservideoeinheiten (baited remote underwater video, BRUVs) zu verbessern und das Probennahme Design hinsichtlich der Anzahl der Stationen und der Aufnahmezeit zu optimieren. Der Einsatz von Ködern führte zu einer signifikanten Verbesserung, wie der Vergleich etablierter Biodiversitätsindizes zwischen RUVs und BRUVs zeigte. Die optimale Probennahme Strategie für BRUVs wurde auf eine Einsatzdauer von 33 Minuten und 20 Stationen bestimmt. Die geringe taxonomische Auflösung blieb jedoch ein limitierender Faktor, was primär auf die spezifischen Umweltbedingungen der Ostsee zurückzuführen ist (Studie III).
Insgesamt zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass RUVs und BRUVs zwar nicht geeignet sind, Veränderungen in der Diversität der Fischgemeinschaften in sandigen Habitaten mit geringer Diversität zu erfassen, jedoch für die Untersuchung spezifischer Gruppen oder bestimmter Forschungsfragen genutzt werden könnten. Der Einsatz weiterer Methoden (Studie I) sowie der ergänzende Einsatz von eDNA-Analysen, könnten ein Monitoring der Fischdiversität gewährleisten. Die entwickelten Empfehlungen für ein effizientes Probennahme Design lassen sich auf ähnliche Ökosysteme weltweit übertragen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit leisten einen Beitrag zur Weiterentwicklung nicht-invasiver Monitoring Ansätze und unterstreichen zugleich die Notwendigkeit von Pilotstudien zur Optimierung von Probennahme Strategien, die auf die einzigartigen Bedingungen der Ostsee abgestimmt sind, da Erkenntnisse aus anderen Regionen nicht immer direkt übertragbar sind
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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