1,721,047 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Conceptualization and improvement of the drug disposition process : mathematical, analytical and biopharmaceutical aspects : application to infusion
No full textL’optimisation de l’administration des médicaments par perfusion intraveineuse doit prendre en compte l’exactitude du débit et doit assurer la délivrance de la totalité de la dose prescrite. Or, lors de l’administration des perfusions par gravité simple, l’irrégularité du débit résulte principalement en un allongement non contrôlé du temps de perfusion. Par ailleurs, l’absence de rinçage des lignes de perfusion après administration conduit à ne pas administrer une partie de la dose prescrite au patient. Dans le domaine de l’oncologie, les recommandations récentes renforcent la contrainte de protection des personnels pharmaceutique et soignant lors de la manipulation des médicaments anticancéreux, en préconisant de rincer les lignes de perfusion après administration, compte tenu de la dangerosité des cytotoxiques. Ceci a conduit au développement d’un dispositif médical spécifique dont l’objectif est de répondre le plus simplement possible à ces recommandations. Toutefois, l’impact du débit de perfusion et l’influence de cette recommandation sur les paramètres pharmacocinétiques des médicaments anticancéreux injectables n’ont jamais été clairement établis. L’objectif de ce travail est d’étudier l’influence potentielle des deux critères de perfusion (débit et rinçage à la fin de l’administration) sur les paramètres pharmacocinétiques des médicaments administrés. Il repose sur la proposition de modèles mathématiques d’écoulement des perfusions par gravité ainsi que sur une application en pratique clinique. Ainsi, le degré d’implication des facteurs de variation retenus dans ces modèles mathématiques sur la mise à disposition des principes actifs pourra être déterminé. Ce travail est organisé en trois parties. La première partie a pour objectif de replacer le dispositif développé dans le contexte commercial actuel ainsi que dans le contexte des recommandations. Dans cette même partie, une étude in vitro de l’impact de ce dispositif sur les critères de perfusion évoqués a été réalisée. Celle-ci démontre que le dispositif ne modifie pas le débit des perfusions par gravité et permet d’administrer la totalité de la dose prescrite. La deuxième partie a pour objectif d’exposer les modèles mathématiques de l’impact du système de perfusion sur le débit des perfusions par gravité, selon le récipient dans lequel est conditionnée la solution à perfuser : un flacon rigide, une poche rigide ou une poche souple. Dans ces modèles, deux facteurs principaux de variation du débit ont été considérés : la perte de charge dans le récipient au cours de l’écoulement ainsi que le fluage du perfuseur. Trois études sont présentées dans la troisième partie. La première a pour objectif d’étudier l’écoulement des perfusions par gravité à partir d’une solution conditionnée en poche souple, afin de vérifier expérimentalement le modèle mathématique correspondant. Les résultats confirment le fait que, comme supposé dans le modèle théorique, la perte de charge au cours de la perfusion et le fluage du perfuseur sont les principaux facteurs de variation du débit des perfusions par gravité. Dans un second temps, l’impact du mode de perfusion sur les paramètres pharmacocinétiques de deux molécules, l’amikacine et la gemcitabine, a été étudié au travers de deux études cliniques. L’étude sur l’amikacine montre qu’un allongement significatif de la durée des perfusions par gravité peut conduire à modifier significativement la concentration plasmatique maximale, critère reconnu comme paramètre d’efficacité de cet agent thérapeutique.Improving the drug administration process by intravenous infusion means paying attention to flow-rate accuracy and guaranteeing that the entire prescribed dose is delivered. Now, when a drug is administered by gravity-fed infusion, flow-rate irregularity is principally due to an uncontrolled increase in infusion time. Moreover, the absence of a rinsing step after administration results in losing a fraction of the prescribed dose. In the field of oncology, the latest recommendations reinforce the constraint to rinse the infusion line after administration, by considering drug hazard for the nursing staff. This has led to the developing of a dedicated medical device whose objective is simply to respect these recommendations. However, the impact of infusion flow-rate and the benefits of line rinsing on the pharmacokinetic parameters of infused cancer drugs have never really been explored. This work aims to study the potential influence of these two infusion criteria on the pharmacokinetic parameters of drugs administered by infusion. It is based on the result of a mathematical model of gravity-fed infusion flow and on an application in clinical practice to determine the degree of involvement of the identified parameters on drug disposition. This work is divided into three parts. The objective of the first section is to place the medical device we have developed in an economic context and within the framework of the latest recommendations. Its impact on the two criteria cited above was studied through an in vitro experiment. This study demonstrates that the device itself does not modify gravity-fed infusion flow-rate but ensures that the totality of the prescribed dose is administered. The second part aims at presenting the different mathematical models concerning the impact of the infusion system on gravity-fed infusion flow-rate, according to the recipient in which the solution to be infused is conditioned: rigid vial, rigid bag, and flexible bag. In these models, two main variation factors were considered: pressure drop inside the recipient during infusion and infusion device creep. Three studies are described in the third section. In the first, the flow of gravity-fed infusion for a solution in a flexible bag was assessed to verify the corresponding mathematical model through experimentation. The results corroborate those of the theoretical model, i.e. the main factors causing flow-rate variation are pressure drop and creep. Secondly, the impact of the infusion technique on the pharmacokinetic parameters of two therapeutic molecules (amikacin and gemcitabine) was explored through two clinical studies. The amikacin study demonstrates that in the case of a considerable increase in infusion time during gravity-fed infusion, a significant reduction in maximal concentration may result. For a concentration-dependent antibiotic, treatment efficacy is known to depend on this parameter, which raises the question whether the amikacin infusion flow-rate with infusion pumps should not be systematically controlled to improve treatment efficacy. In the gemcitabine study, no significant difference was observed in the pharmacokinetic parameters for the three infusion techniques: infusion pump, gravity-fed infusion followed or not by a rinsing step. These contrasting results for amikacin and gemcitabine may be explained by factors such as different administration conditions and pharmacokinetic behaviour. Nonetheless, the results of the gemcitabine study confirm that the rinsing step, which is strongly recommended, does not alter the quality of care for patients receiving this drug. In conclusion, this work introduces an improved approach to the administration of drugs by infusion. To optimize this, medical devices for infusion should be assessed on suitable drug disposition criteria, and an evaluation made of their potential to modify the pharmacokinetic parameters of therapeutic drugs
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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