1,720,959 research outputs found
Emerg Infect Dis
No full textRecently, Tennessee, USA, has seen an increase in the use of commonly injected drugs, such as heroin and fentanyl. Injection drug use (IDU) practices can lead to life-threatening methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bloodstream infections (BSIs) and other serious diseases. We matched MRSA BSIs identified through the National Healthcare Safety Network to the Tennessee Hospital Discharge Data System to characterize the prevalence, demographics, and clinical characteristics associated with IDU in this disease population. Of the 7,646 MRSA BSIs identified during 2015-2017, we found that 1,839 (24.1%) were IDU-related. IDU-related BSIs increased by 118.9%; the greatest rise occurred among emergency department-onset infections (197.4%). IDU was more often associated with white, female, 18-49-year-old, and uninsured persons (p1 additional IDU-related diagnoses in 84.2% of IDU-related BSIs. Targeted harm reduction strategies for persons at high risk of IDU are necessary to reduce MRSA BSIs in acute care settings
Integrating the Patient Sharing Network Among Healthcare Facilities into the Containment of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales in Tennessee
No full textCarbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) are a group of antimicrobial-resistant organisms (AROs) that primarily cause healthcare-associated infections. Patient movement across healthcare facilities has been shown as a means of CRE transmission. To understand the impact of incorporating the patient sharing network into the containment of CRE in Tennessee, this research aims to assess (1) the risk factors associated with re-hospitalizations of CRE patients, (2) the association between patient sharing network among hospitals and CRE prevalence, and (3) the impact of incorporating the patient sharing network in a coordinated containment approach in Tennessee. This research used a retrospective cohort of known CRE infections from the Tennessee surveillance data. A multivariable Cox model identified that CRE-infected patients re-hospitalized within 12 months had more comorbidities, higher sepsis rates, and more healthcare exposures than patients not re-admitted. These patient characteristics were used to select CRE surrogates, a subset of the general patient population with similar characteristics to CRE-infected patients. Each doubling of incoming direct and 12-month indirect transfers of CRE surrogates was independently associated with a 33% increase in hospital-level CRE cases/1,000 patient-days. A mathematical model was used in simulations of a coordinated containment strategy guided by a patient sharing network from the general patient transfers. The simulations predicted a 21% reduction in total CRE cases after three years. A containment that targeted intervention to facilities identified by the network from CRE surrogates resulted in a further decrease in CRE cases (26%) and required fewer interventions to targeted hospitals. Patient sharing network structure influences the impact of the regional CRE containment effort
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol
Get PDFBackground:Emerging multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) such as carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) can spread rapidly in a region; facilities that care for high-acuity patients with longer stays may have a disproportionate impact on this spread. We assessed the impact of implementing preventive interventions, directed at a subset of facilities, on regional prevalence.Methods:We developed a deterministic compartmental model, parametrized using CRE and patient transfer data. The model included the community and healthcare facilities within a U.S. state. Individuals may be either susceptible or infectious with CRE. Individuals determined to be infectious through admission screening, periodic prevalence surveys (PPS), or interfacility communication were placed in a state of lower transmissibility if enhanced infection prevention and control (IPC) practices were in place at a facility.Results:Intervention bundles that included PPS and enhanced IPC practices at ventilator-capable skilled nursing facilities (vSNFs) and long-term acute care hospitals (LTACHs) had the greatest impact on regional prevalence; the benefits of including targeted admission screening in acute care hospitals, LTACHs, and vSNFs, and improved interfacility communication were more modest. Daily transmissions in each facility type were reduced following the implementation of interventions primarily focused at LTACHs and vSNFs.Conclusions:Our model suggests that interventions that include screening to limit unrecognized MDRO introduction to, or dispersal from, LTACHs and vSNFs slow regional spread. Interventions that pair detection and enhanced IPC practices within LTACHs and vSNFs may substantially reduce the regional burden.CC999999/Intramural CDC HHSUnited States
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