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Obst-A and Gasp and their expression.
No full text<p>(a, b) Whole-mount in situ hybridization of wild-type embryos with <i>obst-A</i> (a) and <i>gasp</i> (b) probes. <i>obst-A</i> and <i>gasp</i> mRNA are detected in tracheal cells from stage 13 onward. Note the gaps in <i>obst-A</i> expression correspond to the position of the fusion cells (arrowheads). Scale bar: 25 µm (c) A phylogenetic tree of Obstructor proteins based on ClustalW method. The number in brackets indicates, which subgroup of the Obstructor family (1 or 2) each gene belongs to. (d) Schematic representation of the Obst-A and Gasp protein domains. N-terminal signal sequence is followed by three chitin-binding domains type 2 (CBD2).</p
Gas filling and cuticle defects in <i>obst-A; gasp</i> mutant.
No full text<p>(a–d) Bright field photomicrographs of wild-type (a), <i>obst-A</i> (b), <i>gasp</i> (c) and <i>obst-A; gasp</i> (d) first instar larvae. Refracted light makes the gas filled trachea clearly visible in the wild-type and mutant larvae. The trachea is not gas filled in the double mutant. Arrows indicate collapsed regions in the tubes. Scale bar: 100 µm (e, f) Body size measurement of wild-type, <i>obst-A</i>, <i>gasp</i> and <i>obst-A; gasp</i> first instar larvae. Body length (e) and body width (f) (n = 10). * Indicates the statistical significance (<i>p</i><0.0001) of the difference between wild-type and each mutant as estimated by a two-tailed distribution unpaired Student’s <i>t</i>-test. (g–j) Dark field of cuticle preparations of wild-type (g), <i>obst-A</i> (h), <i>gasp</i> (i) and <i>obst-A; gasp</i> (j) mutant embryos. <i>obst-A; gasp</i> double mutant shows dilated cuticle. Scale bar: 25 µm.</p
Lumen diameter expansion requires Obst-A and Gasp.
No full text<p>(a–d) Confocal microscopy projections of the trachea of wild-type (a–a′′′), <i>obst-A</i> (b–b′′′), <i>gasp</i> (c–c′′′) and <i>obst-A; gasp</i> (d–d′′′) embryos labeled with the apical marker Uninflated (Uif) at stage 16.1. Inserts display y-z projections of the DT tubes from 3 different metameres. a′, b′, c′ and d′ inserts are from the middle of metamere 4, a′′, b′′, c′′ and d′′ from the middle of metamere 5 and a′′′, b′′′, c′′′ and d′′′ from the middle of metamere 6. Scale bar: 10 µm (e) Quantification of tracheal diameter of wild-type, <i>obst-A</i>, <i>gasp</i> and <i>obst-A; gasp</i> embryos at stage 16.1. The graph shows diameter measurements of three metameres: 4, 5 and 6. Number of embryos used for measurement of each genotype n = 6. The y-axis represents the diameter in micrometers. Tube diameter values in all mutant embryos were significantly different (p<0.05) from the wild-type by a two-tailed distribution unpaired Student’s <i>t</i>-test.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
<i>obst-A</i> and <i>gasp</i> mutants show defects in luminal tracheal matrix.
No full text<p>(a–d) Confocal microscopy projections of the trachea labeled with a FITC-conjugated chitin-binding probe (ChtB). The filamentous chitin is detected in the wild-type embryos at stage 16 (a). The chitin staining intensity is weaker in the <i>obst-A</i> (b), <i>gasp</i> (c) and <i>obst-A; gasp</i> (d) mutant embryos. (e–h) Optical sections of tracheal tubes stained for Verm. Verm is secreted to the tracheal lumen in wild-type embryos at stage 16 (e). The amount of secreted Verm is reduced in both <i>obst-A</i> (f) and <i>gasp</i> (g) single mutant embryos and <i>obst-A; gasp</i> (h) double mutant embryos. Scale bar: 10 µm.</p
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Ultrastructure of the tracheal lumen in <i>obst-A; gasp</i> mutants.
No full text<p>(a–c) Transmission electron micrographs of wild-type and <i>obst-A; gasp</i> dorsal trunks at the end of embryogenesis. The wild-type embryos (a) show uniformly distributed chitin rich procuticle. In <i>obst-A; gasp</i> double mutant (b, c) the taenidial folds are irregular and the procuticle is distorted with granular amorphous accumulations (arrow). epc = epicuticle (arrow heads), pro = procuticle layer (double arrows). Scale bar: 0.5 µm.</p
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