177,677 research outputs found
Is demand for polluting goods manageable? an econometric study of car ownership and use in Mexico
No full textCharging for social marginal costs is efficient regardless of price elasticities, but the importance of getting prices"right"is greater the more manageable, or elastic, the demand. In efficient pollution control programs, options to make cars cleaner are combined optimally with demand conservation. The roles played by"cleaner cars"as compared with"fewer trips"are determined by empirical parameters: cheap, clean technologies would imply a great role for cleaner cars, while high demand elasticities lead to a greater role for demand reduction. In seminal research, evisence was found to support the hypothesis that demand for commodities such as gasoline should have lower price elasticities and higher income elasticities in developing than in industrial countries. The authors estimate a model of gasoline demand and car ownership in Mexico, using a panel of annual observations by state. Key features they introduce are instrumental variables on different data and the treatment of (1) possible dynamics, (2) measurement errors in the data, and (3) unobserved characteristics in individual states. They use tests of serial correlation in the residuals to model the dynamics properly. The resulting model is one of almost immediate adjustment, with a short-term price elasticity for gasoline close to the long-term estimate of -0.8. The model displays elasticities that are lower (for income) and higher (for price) than those hypothesized, and are within the range of elasticities found in industrial countries. Byproducts of the model: The elasticity of car purchases with respect to gasoline prices is positive. Scrappage decisions are affected by income and by car and gasoline prices. And these elasticities are not significantly different in the richer states. For policy purposes, these findings do not support"elasticity pessimism"The use of car services is sensitive to pricing, which suggests that consumers, for some of their demand, have reasonably good alternatives to car services. Consideration of external costs - such as accidents, congestion, air pollution, and road damage - thus involve considerable demand conservation.Inequality,Transport and Environment,Energy and Environment,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
DIAZ, Carlos R.
No full textCorrespondence between Carlos R. Diaz and Gen. Alvaro Obregon concerning the purchase of barley and a recommendation Gen. Obregon made in favor of Aurelio Maldonado for Carlos Diaz to take care of. / Correspondencia entre Carlos R. Díaz y el Gral. Alvaro Obregón, relativa a la compra de cebada y una recomendación que hace el Gral. Obregón para que Carlos Díaz atienda a Aurelio J. Maldonado
DIAZ, Carlos R.
No full textCorrespondence between Carlos R. Diaz and Gen. Alvaro Obregon concerning the purchase of barley and a recommendation Gen. Obregon made in favor of Aurelio Maldonado for Carlos Diaz to take care of. / Correspondencia entre Carlos R. Díaz y el Gral. Alvaro Obregón, relativa a la compra de cebada y una recomendación que hace el Gral. Obregón para que Carlos Díaz atienda a Aurelio J. Maldonado
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
OBREGON, Alvaro SECRETARY OF WAR AND NAVY / OBREGON, Alvaro SECRETARIO DE GUERRA Y MARINA
No full textDecrypted telegrams exchanged between Gen. Alvaro Obregon, Secretary of War and Navy and Gen. Francisco R. Serrano, Gen. Jacinto B. Trevino, Gen. Luis Herrera, Gen. Murguía, Gen. Francisco González, President Venustiano Carranza and M. Mendez, related to the defense of the city of Chihuahua and other towns in the state of Chihuahua during the attacks of Gen. Francisco Villa's troops. / Telegramas descifrados cruzados entre el Gral. Alvaro Obregón, Secretario de Guerra y Marina y: el Gral. Francisco R. Serrano, Gral. Jacinto B. Treviño, Gral. Luis Herrera, Gral. Francisco Murguía, Gral. Francisco González, el Presidente Venustiano Carranza y M. Méndez, relativos a la defensa de la ciudad de Chihuahua y otras poblaciones del estado de Chihuahua durante los ataques de las tropas del Gral. Francisco Villa
OBREGON, Alvaro SECRETARY OF WAR AND NAVY / OBREGON, Alvaro SECRETARIO DE GUERRA Y MARINA
No full textDecrypted telegrams exchanged between Gen. Alvaro Obregon, Secretary of War and Navy and Gen. Francisco R. Serrano, Gen. Jacinto B. Trevino, Gen. Luis Herrera, Gen. Murguía, Gen. Francisco González, President Venustiano Carranza and M. Mendez, related to the defense of the city of Chihuahua and other towns in the state of Chihuahua during the attacks of Gen. Francisco Villa's troops. / Telegramas descifrados cruzados entre el Gral. Alvaro Obregón, Secretario de Guerra y Marina y: el Gral. Francisco R. Serrano, Gral. Jacinto B. Treviño, Gral. Luis Herrera, Gral. Francisco Murguía, Gral. Francisco González, el Presidente Venustiano Carranza y M. Méndez, relativos a la defensa de la ciudad de Chihuahua y otras poblaciones del estado de Chihuahua durante los ataques de las tropas del Gral. Francisco Villa
Wheat training activities at Ciudad Obregon, Sonora (Part 1 of 2)
No full textWheat training activities at Ciudad Obregon, Sonora.Black and WhiteArthur R. KlattBill RobertsEnrique Riojas GuadianaEnrique Rodriguez CamposEvangelina Villegas MorenoFrank J. ZillinskyGeorge VarugheseGirma BekeleIgnacio Narvaez MoralesJose Luis Maya de LeonJulio UriasMatthew A. McMahonMaximino Arturo Alcala De StefanoNorman Ernest BorlaugSanjaya RajaramSantiago Fuentes FuentesRalph ColdwellRoberto Maurer Avalos4"x6
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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