169,903 research outputs found
Redox thermodynamics of the ferric-ferrous couple of wild-type Synechocystis KatG and KatG(Y249F)
No full textCrystal structures and mass spectrometric analyses of catalase-peroxidases (KatGs) from different organisms revealed the existence of a peculiar distal Met-Tyr-Trp cross-link. The adduct appears to be important for the catalase but not the peroxidase activity of bifunctional KatG. To examine the effect of the adduct on enzyme redox properties and functions, we have determined the thermodynamics of ferric reduction for wild-type KatG and KatG(Y249F), whose tyrosine-to-phenylalanine mutation prevents cross-link formation. At 25 degrees C and pH 7.0, the reduction potential of wild-type KatG is found to be -226 +/- 10 mV, remarkably lower than the published literature values. The reduction potential of KatG(Y249F) is very similar (-222 +/- 10 mV), but variable temperature experiments revealed compensatory differences in reduction enthalpies and entropies. In both proteins, the oxidized state is enthalpically stabilized over the reduced state, but entropy is lost on reduction, which is in strong contrast to horseradish peroxidase, which also features a much more pronounced enthalpic stabilization of the ferriheme. With both proteins, the midpoint potential increased linearly with decreasing pH. We discuss whether the observed redox thermodynamics reflects the differences in structure and function between bifunctional KatG and monofunctional peroxidases
The two-Cys peroxiredoxin Bas1: Insight in a new family of plant peroxidases
No full textBaier M, Dietz K-J. The two-Cys peroxiredoxin Bas1: Insight in a new family of plant peroxidases. In: Obinger C, Burner U, Ebermann R, Penel C, Greppin H, eds. Plant peroxidases, biochemistry and physiology. Genève: Laboratoire de Biochimie et Physiologie Vègètales, Univ. de Genève; 1996: 204-209
Post-War Welfare State Development – The Temporal Perspective
No full textNullmeier F, Kaufmann F-X. Post-War Welfare State Development – The Temporal Perspective. In: Castles FG, Leibfried S, Lewis J, Obinger H, Pierson C, eds. The Oxford Handbook of the Welfare State. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2010: 81-101
Heavy metal induced changes in peroxidase activity in leaves, roots and cell suspension cultures of Hordeum vulgare L
No full textBlinda A, Abou-Mandour A, Azarkovich M, Brune A, Dietz K-J. Heavy metal induced changes in peroxidase activity in leaves, roots and cell suspension cultures of Hordeum vulgare L. In: Obinger C, Burner U, Ebermann R, Penel C, Greppin H, eds. Plant peroxidases, biochemistry and physiology. Genève: Laboratoire de Biochimie et Physiologie Vègètales, Univ. de Genève; 1996: 374-379
Recent developments: social investment reform in the twenty-first century
No full textThe trajectory of developed welfare states in the early twenty-first century is perhaps best understood through the idea of ‘social investment’. The first section of this chapter defines social investment as a sui generis welfare paradigm, distinct from both the Keynesian–Beveridgean welfare state and its neoliberal critique, and analytically rooted in the three interrelated policy functions of lifelong human capital stocks, work–life-balanced flows, and inclusive buffers. The second section identifies the trajectories of (non-)social investment reform that have cross-cut welfare regimes in the past two decades. Section three takes stock of the impact of the economic crisis on recent welfare state developents. The final section concludes by reflecting on the challenges and opportunities for welfare reform after the Great Recession. Most notably, it highlights how high public spending on established social protection commitments seemingly operates as a ‘productive constraint’ that accelerates social investment reform, reinforcing employment and productivity growth, to sustain popular welfare states
Disruption of the aspartate to heme ester linkage in human myeloperoxidase: Impact on ligand binding, redox chemistry and interconversion of redox intermediates
No full textIn human heme peroxidases the prosthetic group is covalentlyattached to the protein via two ester linkages between conservedglutamate and aspartate residues and modified methyl groupson pyrrole rings A and C. Here, monomeric recombinantmyeloperoxidase (MPO) and the variants D94V and D94N wereproduced in Chinese hamster ovary cell lines. Disruption of theAsp94 to heme ester bond decreased the one-electron reductionpotential E0 [Fe(III)/Fe(II)] from 1 to 55 mV at pH 7.0 and25 °C, whereas the kinetics of binding of low spin ligands and ofcompound I formation was unaffected. By contrast, in both variantsrates of compound I reduction by chloride and bromide(but not iodide and thiocyanate) were substantially decreasedcompared with the wild-type protein. Bimolecular rates of compoundII (but not compound I) reduction by ascorbate and tyrosinewere slightly diminished in D94V and D94N. The presentedbiochemical and biophysical data suggest that the Asp94 to hemelinkage is no precondition for the autocatalytic formation of theother two covalent links found in MPO. The findings are discussedwith respect to the known active site structure of MPOand its complexes with ligands
Introduction (The Oxford Handbook of the Welfare state)
No full textThis article discusses the book, which elucidates the philosophical justifications underlying the welfare state; the approaches, methods, and disciplinary perspectives of comparative social policy research; and the historical development and driving forces of the welfare state, its past achievements, contemporary challenges, and likely future developments. The origins of the Western welfare state date back to the last quarter of the nineteenth century and are closely associated with deep societal, economic, and political transformations taking place at that time. The most influential critique � in terms of its real-world political consequences � was that articulated by theories of neoliberalism. Structural change in the economy in combination with intensified international regime competition triggered fundamental changes in labour markets. There are many who predict the global transfer of power from the United States to China � but a transfer of that magnitude has never before been achieved peacefully
Redox thermodynamics of the Fe3+/Fe2+ couple in wild type and mutated heme peroxidases
No full textThe thermodynamics of the one-electron reduction of the ferricheme in wild-type and mutated heme Synechocystis catalaseperoxidase and human myeloperoxidase were determined through spectro-electrochemical experiments. The data are interpreted in terms of ligand binding features, electrostatic effects and solvation properties of the heme environment
The Oxford Handbook of the Welfare State
No full textThe Oxford Handbook of the Welfare State is the authoritative and definitive guide to the contemporary welfare state. In a volume consisting of nearly fifty newly-written chapters, a broad range of the world's leading scholars offer a comprehensive account of everything one needs to know about the modern welfare state. The Handbook is divided into eight sections. It opens with three chapters that evaluate the philosophical case for (and against) the welfare state. Surveys of the welfare state's history and of the approaches taken to its study are followed by four extended sections, running to some thirty-five chapters in all, which offer a comprehensive and in-depth survey of our current state of knowledge across the whole range of issues that the welfare state embraces. The first of these sections looks at inputs and actors (including the roles of parties, unions, and employers), the impact of gender and religion, patterns of migration and a changing public opinion, the role of international organisations and the impact of globalization. The next two sections cover policy inputs (in areas such as pensions, health care, disability, care of the elderly, unemployment, and labour market activation) and their outcomes (in terms of inequality and poverty, macroeconomic performance, and retrenchment). The seventh section consists of seven chapters which survey welfare state experience around the globe (and not just within the OECD). Two final chapters consider questions about the global future of the welfare state
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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