2,529 research outputs found
Non-invasive modulation of human corticostriatal activity [Dataset]
No full textThis dataset contains resting-state functional MRI data used in the study "Non-invasive modulation of human corticostriatal activity" (Caballero-Insaurriaga et al, PNAS, 2023).
In this study two datasets were used: one from a transcranial static-magnetic-field stimulation (tSMS) experiment (tSMS20) and another one from the Human Connectome Project (HCP100). The tSMS20 dataset was originally acquired for a previous study tSMS over the Supplementary Motor Area (Pineda-Pardo et al, Commun Biol, 2019). The regions used in the study are also provided.
As for the tSMS20 dataset, the stimulation protocol consisted of 30-minute tSMS using a single magnet placed over the supplementary motor area (SMA). Each subject underwent two stimulation sessions (real and sham) in two separate days, whose order was randomized. In each session, structural MRI was acquired before tSMS, and resting-state fMRI before and after. Structural images were T1-weighted (T1w), with 1 mm isotropic voxel. Functional data was acquired in 10 minutes-long sessions, TR/TE 2400/30 ms (250 volumes per session), with 3mm isotropic voxel. The preprocessed resting-state fMRI data are included in this repository (see dataset_description.txt file and Pineda-Pardo et al, Commun Biol, 2019 for more details)
As for the HCP100 dataset, only the subject list is included, as data are already publicly available from the HCP initiative.Peer reviewe
Boosting response inhibition neural network with rTMS may improve dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease
No full textPeer reviewe
The Impact of Emotions on Habitual Inhibition
No full textEmotional information prioritizes human behavior. How much emotions influence ongoing behavior critically depends on the extent of executive control functions in a given context. One form of executive control is based on stimulus-stop associations (i.e., habitual inhibition) that rapidly and effortlessly elicits control over the interruption of ongoing behavior. So far, no behavioral accounts have explored the emotional impact on habitual inhibition. We aimed to examine the emotional modulation on habitual inhibition and associated psycho-physiological changes. A go/no-go association task asked participants to learn stimulus-stop and stimulus-response associations during 10-day training to form habitual inhibition (without emotional interference). Probabilistic feedback guided learning with varying probabilities of congruent feedback, generating stronger versus weaker pairings. A reversal test measured habitual inhibition strength counteracted by emotional cues (high-arousal positive and negative stimuli compared with neutral ones). Our training protocol induced stable behavioral and psycho-physiological responses compatible with habitual behavior. At reversal, habitual inhibition was evident as marked by significant speed costs of reversed no-go trials for strongly associated stimuli. Positive and negative emotional cues produced larger impact on habitual inhibition. We report first evidence on a cognitive control mechanism that is vulnerable to emotional stimuli and suggest alternative explanations on how emotions may boost or counteract certain behavioral abnormalities mediated by habitual inhibition.Peer reviewe
Neuropsychological, neuropsychiatric, and clinical correlates of affective and cognitive theory of mind in Parkinson's disease: A meta-analysis
No full textObjective: Theory of mind (ToM) is the ability to infer others' mental (Cognitive) and emotional (Affective) states, both being impaired in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the clinical, neuropsychological, and neuropsychiatric features underlying Affective and Cognitive ToM deficits in PD are unclear. Therefore, we performed a meta-analytic study to test whether PD demographical, clinical, neuropsychological, or neuropsychiatric changes related differently to both ToM processes. Method: A systematic literature search was performed up to January 2022, including a total of 31 studies following our search terms. Data from each study were obtained from demographic (age, education), clinical (disease duration, Hoehn & Yahr staging system, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale-III, levodopa equivalent daily dose), neuropsychological (global cognitive functioning, memory subdomains, executive functions subdomains, processing speed/complex attention/working memory, visuospatial and constructional abilities, and language), and neuropsychiatric (depression, apathy, anxiety) variables. Results: Affective ToM impairment in PD was related to lower educational level and global cognition, deficits of generativity, decision making, attention/working memory, and language. Conversely, Cognitive ToM deficits were associated with advanced age, poorer global cognition, executive dysfunctions, and language impairments. Medication moderated the relationship between attention/working memory and Cognitive ToM, whereas age moderated the association of Affective ToM with language. No significant associations were found between ToM deficits and patients' neuropsychiatric or clinical states. Conclusions: These findings clarify the neuropsychological and clinical features that explain ToM deficits in PD. Possibly, our results suggest the need to explore the complex neural networks involving frontostriatal and temporoparietal circuits behind changes in social cognition in PD
Paco Ignacio Taibo II.
No full textEncyclopaedia entry on contemporary Mexican author Paco Ignacio Taibo II
The impact of executive dysfunctions on Theory of Mind abilities in Parkinson's disease
No full textTheory of Mind (ToM) is the ability to infer and reason about others' mental states, a process impaired by Parkinson's disease (PD). ToM performance in PD seems to be strongly related to executive functioning but the exact nature of this relationship is still unclear. We aim to investigate the direct impact of several executive dysfunctions on ToM deficits (Affective and Cognitive ToM) in PD patients. Sixty-eight PD patients underwent neuropsychological tests evaluating executive control such as inhibition, cognitive flexibility, processing speed or working memory and Cognitive and Affective ToM. We divided participants into two groups based on their performance on executive tests: PD patients with poor executive functioning (PD-EF-) and those with preserved executive functioning (PD-EF+). To explore the direct impact of executive subdomains on ToM abilities, two mediation models were executed in the whole sample. We found that PD patients with poor executive functioning reported poorer scores on Affective and Cognitive ToM tasks than PD patients with preserved executive functions, controlling for age and education. Moreover, parallel mediation models, conducted in the whole sample, indicated that performance on phonological fluency mediated the relationships between educational level and both Affective and Cognitive ToM, controlling the effect of other executive tests. These findings further support the idea that executive functions are crucial in ToM processes. Particularly, phonological fluency, whose execution requires both verbal abilities and cognitive flexibility, mediated ToM performance controlling the effect of other executive functions. The identification of neuropsychological processes underpinning ToM abilities might represent a plausible target for cognitive training to strengthen ToM abilities in PD
Theta burst magnetic stimulation over the pre-supplementary motor area improves motor inhibition
No full textBACKGROUND: Stopping an ongoing motor response or resolving conflict induced by conflicting stimuli are associated with activation of a right-lateralized network of inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) and subthalamic nucleus (STN). However, the roles of the right IFG and pre-SMA in stopping a movement and in conflict resolution remain unclear. We used continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) to examine the involvement of the right IFG and pre-SMA in inhibition and conflict resolution using the conditional stop signal task. METHODS: We measured stop signal reaction time (SSRT, measure of reactive inhibition), response delay effect (RDE, measure of proactive action restraint) and conflict induced slowing (CIS, measure of conflict resolution). RESULTS: Stimulation over the pre-SMA resulted in significantly shorter SSRTs (improved inhibition) compared to sham cTBS. This effect was not observed for CIS, RDE, or any other measures. cTBS over the right IFG had no effect on SSRT, CIS, RDE or on any other measure. CONCLUSIONS: The improvement of SSRT with cTBS over the pre-SMA suggests its critical contribution to stopping ongoing movements
Jerónimo Nadal (1507-1580) und der "verschriftlichte" Ignatius. Die Konstruktion einer individuellen und kollektiven Identität
No full textLibro de InvestigaciónNiemand ist mehr verantwortlich für die Entstehung jenes Denksystems, das auf Ignatius von Loyola (1491-1556) und seinen Exerzitien basiert, als Jerónimo Nadal. Ignacio Ramos legt in seiner Studie Jerónimo Nadal (1507-1580) und der verschriftlichte Ignatius: Die Konstruktion einer individuellen und kollektiven Identität die ursprünglichen Konturen der sogenannten ignatianischen Spiritualität dar. Es wird deutlich, wieviel Einfluss Nadal auf die Herausbildung des Ignatianischen hatte.
Anhand Nadals lange verkannten Selbstzeugnisses (Chronicon Natalis) wird hermeneutisch herausgearbeitet, wie der gequälte Reifeprozess von Nadal originales Denken erzeugte insbesondere in Bezug auf Ignatius.
An diese europäische Schlüsselgestalt des jungen Jesuitenordens heranzutreten, gewährt einen existentiell vermittelten Einblick in manche der gesellschaftlichen und philosophischen Spannungen (converso-Frage, Rolle der Vermittlungen...) z. Zt. des Humanismus und der großen Reformen.Jerónimo Nadal plays a key role in the creation of the tradition of thought based on the person of Ignatius of Loyola (1491-1556) and his Spiritual Exercises. Ignacio Ramos book Jerónimo Nadal (1507-1580) und der verschriftlichte Ignatius unveils the large percentage of too often overlooked Nadalian moments in the origins of Ignatian Spirituality.
Leaning on Nadal s autobiographical account ( Chronicon Natalis, fully translated) the author deploys a hermeneutical method to show how Nadal´s stressful maturation process became a source of original thought, especially regarding Ignatius.
The reader will gain an existentially mediated insight into some of the social and philosophical hot spots (converso question, role of mediations...) of Humanism and the reformation era.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Aberrant Salient and Corticolimbic Connectivity in Hypersexual Parkinson's Disease
No full textIntroduction: Impulse control disorders (ICDs) represent a side effect of dopaminergic medication in Parkinson's disease (PD). Patients experience an excessive desire toward natural rewards paired with uncontrolled actions. Yet, the precise neural and behavioral mechanisms associated with ICDs and, importantly, each specific subdomain remain unclear. We aim to decipher resting-state and corticolimbic functional connectivity in PD patients with and without hypersexual ICD. Materials and Methods: Seventeen PD patients with hypersexuality (PD+HS) and 15 PD patients without hypersexuality (PD-HS) underwent two sessions (with and without medication) of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and were compared with 17 healthy controls. Dual-regression independent component analyses extracted salience, sensorimotor, default-mode, and central executive networks. Seed-based functional connectivity with three striatal subdivisions (motor, associative, and limbic) was obtained and significant changes were correlated with key impulsivity and inhibitory measures. Results: Enhanced salience network (SN) activity represented by a significant rise in the right inferior frontal gyrus was found in PD+HS compared with PD-HS. Connectivity analyses revealed a functional disconnection between associative and limbic striatum with precuneus and superior parietal lobe in PD+HS, some connections explained by abnormal sexual behavior and inhibition in PD+HS. Conclusions: Hypersexual ICD is associated with enhanced SN signaling and corticolimbic disconnections, including striatal associative and limbic loops that contribute to altered control of sexually driven behavior and overall severity in PD and ICD. Impact statement We enlarge the neurobiological basis to one specific Parkinson's disease (PD) and impulse control disorder (ICD) (PD+ICD) subtype-that is, hypersexuality-and reveal its associated resting-state functional connectivity linked to altered behavior. We report enhanced salience network and right inferior frontal gyrus as part of the underlying resting-state functional networks in PD patients with hypersexuality (PD+HS). Corticolimbic changes were associated with sexual severity in PD+HS to hypoactive connectivity between associative-limbic striatum with precuneus and superior parietal lobe. The connectivity changes seen in PD+HS could explain baseline differences that engender aberrant control over sexual behavior in ICD.The work was conducted with help from Miguel Servet
(CP18/00038), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain (IO),
and Fundación HM Hospitales.Peer reviewe
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