2,710 research outputs found
Could you have said no? A mixed-methods investigation of consent to HIV tests in four African countries
No full textIntroduction: Although most studies report high frequencies of consent to HIV tests, critics argue that clients are subject to pressure, that acceptors later indicate they could not have refused, and that provider-initiated HIV testing raises serious ethical issues. We examine the meaning of consent and why clients think they could not have refused. Methods: Clients in Burkina Faso, Kenya, Malawi and Uganda were asked about consenting to HIV tests, whether they thought they could have refused and why. Textual responses were analyzed using qualitative and statistical methods. Results: Among 926 respondents, 77percent reported they could not have said no, but in fact, 60percent actively consented to test, 24percent had no objection and only 7percent tested without consent. There were few significant associations between categories of consent and their covariates. Conclusions: Retrospectively asking clients if they could have refused to test for HIV overestimates coercion. Triangulating qualitative and quantitative data suggests a considerable degree of agency. © 2014 Obermeyer CM et al; licensee International AIDS Society.Angotti N, 2011, HEALTH POLICY PLANN, V26, P307, DOI 10.1093-heapol-czq066; Angotti N, 2009, SOC SCI MED, V68, P2263, DOI 10.1016-j.socscimed.2009.02.041; Appelbaum PS, 2009, HASTINGS CENT REP, V39, P30; Baggaley R, 2012, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V90, P652, DOI 10.2471-BLT.11.100818; Bayer R, 2006, NEW ENGL J MED, V355, P647, DOI 10.1056-NEJMp068153; Groves AK, 2010, AIDS CARE, V22, P538, DOI 10.1080-09540120903311508; Gruskin S, 2008, DEV WORLD BIOETH, V8, P23, DOI 10.1111-j.1471-8847.2007.00222.x; Guenter Dale, 2008, J Obstet Gynaecol Can, V30, P17; Hensen B, 2012, TROP MED INT HEALTH, V17, P59, DOI 10.1111-j.1365-3156.2011.02893.x; Jurgens R, 2007, INCREASING ACCESS HI; Karim QA, 1998, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V88, P637; Kass Nancy E, 2005, IRB, V27, P1, DOI 10.2307-3563534; Larsson EC, 2012, HEALTH POLICY PLANN, V27, P69, DOI 10.1093-heapol-czr009; Mandava A, 2012, J MED ETHICS, V38, P356, DOI 10.1136-medethics-2011-100178; Marshall PA, 2006, J EMPIR RES HUM RES, V1, P25, DOI 10.1525-jer.2006.1.1.25; Njeru MK, 2011, BMC HEALTH SERV RES, V11, DOI 10.1186-1472-6963-11-87; Obermeyer CM, 2007, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V97, P1762, DOI 10.2105-AJPH.2006.096263; Obermeyer CM, 2012, PLOS MED, V9, DOI 10.1371-journal.pmed.1001329; Obermeyer CM, 2013, BMC INT HEALTH HUM R, V13, DOI 10.1186-1472-698X-13-6; QSR, 2011, N VIV 9 2; Rujumba J, 2013, BMC HEALTH SERV RES, V13, DOI 10.1186-1472-6963-13-189; StataCorp, 2009, STAT STAT SOFTW REL; Ujiji OA, 2011, BMC PUBLIC HEALTH, V11, DOI 10.1186-1471-2458-11-151; Weiser SD, 2006, PLOS MED, V3, P1013, DOI 10.1371-journal.pmed.003026110
Symptoms, menopause status, and country differences: A comparative analysis from DAMES
No full textOBJECTIVE: To investigate reported frequencies of menopausal symptoms among women in four countries, namely Lebanon, Morocco, Spain, and the United States, and to assess the relative role of menopause status, country of residence, and other factors in explaining differences in symptomatology. DESIGN: Surveys of representative samples of approximately 300 women aged 45 to 55 years in each site were conducted, using an instrument that includes demographic, health, and menopausal variables, in addition to perceptions and attitudes toward menopause. Statistical and textual analyses are used to examine differentials and the factors that influence them. RESULTS: The burden of symptoms and the frequencies of symptoms differ across sites, but hot flashes are reported everywhere by just under one half of the respondents. The most frequent symptoms are joint pain, fatigue, impatience-nervousness, sleep disturbances, memory loss, and one or more emotional symptoms. Menopause status is significantly associated with hot flashes and vasomotor symptoms and to a lesser extent with emotional and sexual symptoms. Smoking, schooling, employment, and age are also associated with the frequency of selected symptoms. Country of residence influences reported symptoms over and above other factors. CONCLUSIONS: Similarities among core symptoms and differences in the expression of symptoms were found across sites. Both biological (menopause status) and cultural (country of residence) variables influence symptomatology. ©2007The North American Menopause Society.Anderson Debra, 2004, Nurs Health Sci, V6, P173, DOI 10.1111-j.1442-2018.2004.00190.x; Avis Nancy E, 2005, Am J Med, V118 Suppl 12B, P37, DOI 10.1016-j.amjmed.2005.09.057; Avis NE, 2003, MED CARE, V41, P1262, DOI 10.1097-01.MLR.0000093479.39115.AF; AVIS NE, 1993, BAILLIERE CLIN ENDOC, V7, P17, DOI 10.1016-S0950-351X(05)80268-X; BELL SE, 1987, SOC SCI MED, V24, P535, DOI 10.1016-0277-9536(87)90343-1; Blumel JE, 2006, MENOPAUSE, V13, P706, DOI 10.1097-01.gme.0000227338.73738.2d; BOULET MJ, 1994, MATURITAS, V19, P157, DOI 10.1016-0378-5122(94)90068-X; Cohen LS, 2006, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V63, P385, DOI 10.1001-archpsyc.63.4.385; Crawford SL, 2000, MENOPAUSE, V7, P96, DOI 10.1097-00042192-200007020-00005; Dennerstein L, 2004, MENOPAUSE, V11, P778, DOI 10.1097-01.GME.0000138544.50670.CC; FLINT M, 1990, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V592, P134; Ford K, 2005, MENOPAUSE, V12, P308, DOI 10.1097-01.GME.0000163869.89878.D9; FREEMAN EW, 2006, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V63, P378; Guthrie JR, 2005, MENOPAUSE, V12, P460, DOI 10.1097-01.GME.0000155200.80687.BE; Hardy R, 2005, BJOG-INT J OBSTET GY, V112, P346, DOI 10.1111-j.147-0528.2004.00348.x; Jasienska G, 2005, WOMEN HEALTH ISS, V15, P145, DOI 10.1016-j.whi.2005.02.002; KAUFERT P, 1986, SOC SCI MED, V22, P1285, DOI 10.1016-0277-9536(86)90196-6; KAUFERT P, 1981, SOC SCI MED-MED PSYC, V15, P173, DOI 10.1016-0271-5384(81)90011-9; Lee C, 2004, AUST NZ J PUBL HEAL, V28, P144, DOI 10.1111-j.1467-842X.2004.tb00928.x; Lindenbaum S., 1993, KNOWLEDGE POWER PRAC; Lock M, 1998, PSYCHOSOM MED, V60, P410; Loh FH, 2005, MATURITAS, V52, P169, DOI 10.1016-j.maturitas.2004.11.004; LUOTO R, 1994, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V139, P64; Matthews KA, 2001, INT J OBESITY, V25, P863, DOI 10.1038-sj.ijo.0801618; MCKINLAY SM, 1992, MATURITAS, V14, P103, DOI 10.1016-0378-5122(92)90003-M; Melby MK, 2005, MENOPAUSE, V12, P250, DOI 10.1097-01.GME.0000146108.27840.D9?; Melby MK, 2005, HUM REPROD UPDATE, V11, P495, DOI 10.1093-humupd-dmi018; Obermeyer CM, 2004, MENOPAUSE, V11, P456, DOI 10.1097-01.GME.0000109318.11228.DA; Obermeyer CM, 1999, MATURITAS, V33, P249; Obermeyer CM, 2005, MATURITAS, V52, P190, DOI 10.1016-j.maturitas.2005.01.011; Obermeyer CM, 2002, MATURITAS, V41, P87, DOI 10.1016-S0378-5122(01)00289-4; PARAZZINI F, 1992, MATURITAS, V15, P141, DOI 10.1016-0378-5122(92)90248-3; *QSR INT PTY LTD, 2002, N6 NONN UNSTR DAT IN; Randolph JF, 2005, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V90, P6106, DOI 10.1210-jc.2005-1374; Reynolds RF, 2005, AM J HUM BIOL, V17, P331, DOI 10.1002-ajhb.20121; Reynolds RF, 2001, ANN HUM BIOL, V28, P21; Shinberg DS, 1998, SOC SCI MED, V46, P1381, DOI 10.1016-S0277-9536(97)10085-5; Sievert Lynnette Leidy, 2005, J Cross Cult Gerontol, V20, P127, DOI 10.1007-s10823-005-9087-3; Sievert LL, 2007, MENOPAUSE, V14, P798, DOI 10.1097-gme.0b013e31804f8175; Sievert LL, 2006, MENOPAUSE BIOCULTURA; SPSS for Windows, 2005, SPSS WIND39414
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Link to publication Citation for published version (APA)
No full textDo support groups members disclose less to their partners? The dynamics of HIV disclosure in four African countries Hardon, A.P.; Gomez, G.B.; Vernooij, E.E.; Desclaux, A.; Wanyenze, R.K.; Ky-Zerbo, O.; Kageha, E.; Namakhoma, I.; Kinsman, J.; Spronk, C.E.; Meij, E.J.; Neuman, M.; Obermeyer, C.M
Correspondence to Mary Ann Smith From William H. Borders and C.M. Lowe, March 22, 1961
No full textCorrespondence from William H. Borders and C.M. Lowe to Mary Ann Smith notifying her of a meeting for the Atlanta Student Adult Liaison. 1 page
Three-component velocity measurements in a momentum-conserving, axisymmetric, turbulent jet
No full textExperiments have been performed on a momentum conserving axisymmetric turbulent jet, the turbulence characteristics of which are well known [1]. Simultaneous three-component velocity measurements are acquired with high spatial and temporal resolution, using a new triple-sensor hotwire probe. Velocity and directional calibrations are performed using a dedicated automatic calibration system. Two experiments are performed; one for capturing the average velocity field in a 3D volume, and one for investigating the turbulence spectra in specific points in space. In the first experiment, measurements are performed in 9 equidistant cross-planes, from 10- to 50-diameters downstream of the nozzle using a computer-controlled traversing system. The spatial resolution is as low as 1 mm and the sampling rate was 10 kHz. In the second experiment, long velocity time histories are acquired with 50 kHz sampling rate to perform power spectral density computations for each velocity component. Preliminary results of velocity capture confirm the general characteristics of the turbulent jet. The power spectra at different positions indicate that the turbulent fluctuations are not isotropic at lower frequencies
A General History of the Congregation of the Mission Beginning after the Death of Blessed Vincent de Paul
No full textThis work is the earliest known history of the Congregation of the Mission and dates from about 1730. Vincentian historian John E. Rybolt, C.M., building on the initiative of Stafford Poole, C.M., completed this English translation from the original French. The author, Claude-Joseph Lacour, C.M. (1672-1731), drew from already published materials and his own recollections. While the story he tells may seem familiar, Lacour included materials that are unknown anywhere else and delivers a first-hand account of the Congregation’s rapid growth in those early days. The text is essential reading for anyone wishing to better understand Vincent de Paul’s society of apostolic life of priests and brothers following his death.https://via.library.depaul.edu/vincentian_ebooks/1044/thumbnail.jp
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