1,720,978 research outputs found
Current and emerging options in treatment of gout: A review
No full textObjective: To review current and emerging pharmacologic treatment options for gout, with particular emphasis on the rapidly changing recommendations outlined in the latest treat to target strategy employed in the 2016 European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) guidelines.Data source and extraction: Published clinical drug trials, reviews and guidelines for the treatment of gout. Research work published in English and emphasizing pharmacologic management of gout was included after online and library searches.Conclusion: Research into pharmacologic therapies for gout had largely remained silent after licensing of allopurinol in 1966. Since 2008 however, with approval of febuxostat and pegloticase, the stage has been set for exciting research into new molecules in the management of this largely curable condition. Updated evidence supporting the use of current and emerging agents such as febuxostat, canakinumab, lesinurad and pegloticase is summarized in this review.Key words: Gout; Acute fl are therapy, Urate lowering drug
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Defining gout and hyperuricemia in sub-Saharan Africa: A review
No full textObjective: Gout is an inflammatory disease characterized by hyperuricemia. There is paucity of data on epidemiology and its overall impact in an African setting. Once thought to be rare in Africa, the numbers are increasing with more Africans adopting a western lifestyle. In view of these observations, this review looks to shed light on gout in sub-Saharan Africa.Recent findings: Drivers of the surge in numbers of gout and hyperuricemia in Africa include the adoption of western lifestyle, higher socio-economic status, male sex and excess alcohol consumption. Further contributions are from the rising number of lifestyle diseases such as obesity, hypertension and diabetes.Conclusion: There are increasing numbers of publications refl ecting a growing recognition of gout in sub Saharan Africa (sSA).Key words: Gout, Hyperuricemia, sub-Saharan Afric
Coexistence of gout and rheumatoid arthritis in Nairobi, Kenya
No full textBackground: There is a widespread belief that gout and RA rarely coexist in the same patient. Given that there is an excess burden of cardiovascular disease in patients with RA, this is compounded by hyperuricemia. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical profiles of patients with coexistent gout and rheumatoid arthritis.Methodology: This was a retrospective study to be carried out at the Nairobi Arthritis Clinic. The sample population comprised of all medical records of patients with RA and gout. The files were retrospectively reviewed from January 2009 to December 2017.Results: The cohort included 13 patients with the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis and gout seen at the clinic between January 2009 and December 2017. Majority of the study participants were male (9/13) with a mean age of 60.8 years. The mean age of diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis and gout was 55.25 years and 63 years respectively. The participants were obese with a mean of 31.4. Majority tested positive (10/13) for either or both rheumatoid factor and anti-citrulated peptide antibody. Urate acid crystals were identifi ed in 10 of the 13 participants. All the participants had used glucocorticoids with a further 4 on diuretics which were later stopped.Conclusions: Coexistence of rheumatoid arthritis and gout is still rare in Kenya. Being male and obese having either rheumatoid arthritis or gout increasing the chance of developing both diagnoses. A large number had tophithus in patientswith tophaceous gout not improving on standard therapy an alternative diagnosis could be rheumatoid arthritis.Keywords: Gout , Rheumatoid arthritis, Keny
Fibromyalgia: Reviewing the epidemiology and gender-based differences in Africa
No full textObjectives: Fibromyalgia is a complex disorder which presents with chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain, together with other symptoms like fatigue, sleep disturbances and cognitive disturbance. The cause remains unclear but it is postulated that there are abnormalities in neurohormonal profile and central sensitization to pain as the main mechanism. It is known to occur more commonly in females than males. This study set out to look at these differences in terms of epidemiology and gender differences.
Data source: We conducted online and public library searches using the English language.
Data extraction: We reviewed several papers and research work focusing on epidemiology and differences in gender presentation. The period of the search was between the years 1990 up to 2020.
Conclusion: Fibromyalgia is a commonly occurring rheumatologic condition. Gender differences exist with regard to epidemiology, clinical presentation and health seeking behaviors. Population based studies would be of use to establish the prevalence in Africa. More studies would be necessary to explain the gender differences noted in the many aspects of the disease including response to treatment
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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