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Recollection deficiencies in patients with major depressive disorder
No full textNeuropsychological research suggests that recognition memory (RM) and recall memory are impaired in
patients with a major depressive disorder or a dysphoric mood state. This study examines the proposal that
abnormalities in recollection (a form of recall) result from a breakdown in frontal strategic memory
processes involved in encoding and retrieval, and executive functions linked to reality monitoring, planning,
problem-solving, reasoning and decision-making. We investigated two predictions arising from this theory.
Firstly, patients diagnosed with a major depressive disorder (MDD) will display a dissociation between
(deficient) recollection and (preserved) familiarity. Secondly, if recollection impairments are indicative of a
breakdown in prefrontal strategic memory processes which are dependent, at least in part, on executive
processes, then an explicit correlational approach predicts that recollection will be positively associated with
the severity of executive dysfunction in MDD patients. The remember/know paradigm was used to investigate
RM for words and neutral faces in 16 MDD patients and 16 healthy volunteers, matched for age, gender and
estimates of premorbid IQ. Measures of executive function included working memory, reasoning and
decision-making. Applying the Dual Process Signal Detection interpretation of the remember/know data, the
MDD group displayed significant impairments in RM and recollection rates for both verbal and neutral facial
memoranda. In contrast, familiarity-aware rates were preserved. There was no evidence of executive
dysfunction in the patient group, and little evidence that recollection rates correlated with executive
function. Furthermore, a single process signal detection approach suggested that the MDD patients displayed
a reduction in sensitivity for RM and remember rates but not know responses. The criteria for detecting
studied from unstudied items, and remembering from knowing, were the same in both patient and healthy
control groups. Taken together, these findings are consistent with the view that MDD is marked by a decline
in RM, which is underpinned by an impairment in recollection rather than familiarity processes. The extent
to which the recollection deficiencies arise from disruption of strategic memory and executive processes
requires further investigation
Recollection deficiencies in patients with major depressive disorder
No full textNeuropsychological research suggests that recognition memory (RM) and recall memory are impaired in patients with a major depressive disorder or a dysphoric mood state. This study examines the proposal that abnormalities in recollection (a form of recall) result from a breakdown in frontal strategic memory processes involved in encoding and retrieval, and executive functions linked to reality monitoring, planning, problem-solving, reasoning and decision-making. We investigated two predictions arising from this theory. Firstly, patients diagnosed with a major depressive disorder (MDD) will display a dissociation between (deficient) recollection and (preserved) familiarity. Secondly, if recollection impairments are indicative of a breakdown in prefrontal strategic memory processes which are dependent, at least in part, on executive processes, then an explicit correlational approach predicts that recollection will be positively associated with the severity of executive dysfunction in MDD patients. The remember/know paradigm was used to investigate RM for words and neutral faces in 16 MDD patients and 16 healthy volunteers, matched for age, gender and estimates of premorbid IQ. Measures of executive function included working memory, reasoning and decision-making. Applying the Dual Process Signal Detection interpretation of the remember/know data, the MDD group displayed significant impairments in RM and recollection rates for both verbal and neutral facial memoranda. In contrast, familiarity-aware rates were preserved. There was no evidence of executive dysfunction in the patient group, and little evidence that recollection rates correlated with executive function. Furthermore, a single process signal detection approach suggested that the MDD patients displayed a reduction in sensitivity for RM and remember rates but not know responses. The criteria for detecting studied from unstudied items, and remembering from knowing, were the same in both patient and healthy control groups. Taken together, these findings are consistent with the view that MDD is marked by a decline in RM, which is underpinned by an impairment in recollection rather than familiarity processes. The extent to which the recollection deficiencies arise from disruption of strategic memory and executive processes requires further investigation
John Perceval's account of his psychosis, 1830–1832
Get PDFJohn Thomas Perceval (1803–1876) was confined first to Dr Fox's private madhouse (asylum) in 1830 and transferred to Mr Newington's madhouse at Ticehurst, Sussex, in 1832 until his release in 1834. His account of his incarceration and treatment was published in two versions, the first in 1838 and the second in 1840. In this article I describe Perceval's psychosis, his treatment and management at Dr Fox's madhouse and his reforming and advocating contributions to psychiatry in the period following his release
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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