1,720,957 research outputs found
Road accidents and care use among children under 15 in Ouagadougou
No full textLes traumatismes dus aux accidents de la route chez les enfants sont aujourd’hui un problème majeur de santé publique dans le monde. Très peu de recherches ont été réalisées sur ce sujet en Afrique. Au Burkina Faso, il y a une absence de travaux réalisés sur la population des enfants de moins de 15 ans à notre connaissance. La présente thèse vise à contribuer d’une part à une meilleure connaissance de l’accidentologie routière des enfants et les conséquences qui en résultent et d’autre part, analyser le recours aux soins des victimes en fonction de l’offre et de la demande de soins. La méthodologie s’appuie sur une approche mixte, recourant à une démarche quantitative et qualitative. Les résultats ont permis de mettre en évidence les zones d’habitation en lien avec les accidents des enfants dans leurs activités quotidiennes, les différents traumatismes et le circuit de prise en charge en fonction de l’offre et de la demande de soins. Les résultats révèlent également toutes les difficultés socio-économiques et de santé pendant et après la prise en change au Centre Hospitalier universitaire pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle.Road traffic injuries among children are now a major public health problem worldwide. Very little research has been done on this subject in Africa. In Burkina Faso, there is a lack of research on the population of children under 15 years of age to our knowledge. The aim of this thesis is to contribute, on the one hand, to a better knowledge of children's road accidents and their consequences and, on the other hand, to analyse the use of victims' care according to the supply and demand for care. The methodology is based on a mixed approach, using a quantitative and qualitative approach. The results made it possible to highlight the residential areas linked to children's accidents in their daily activities, the different traumas and the care circuit according to the supply and demand for care. The results also reveal all the socio-economic and health difficulties during and after the changeover at the Centre Hospitalier universitaire pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle
Accidents de la route et recours aux soins chez les enfants de moins de 15 ans à Ouagadougou
No full textRoad traffic injuries among children are now a major public health problem worldwide. Very little research has been done on this subject in Africa. In Burkina Faso, there is a lack of research on the population of children under 15 years of age to our knowledge. The aim of this thesis is to contribute, on the one hand, to a better knowledge of children's road accidents and their consequences and, on the other hand, to analyse the use of victims' care according to the supply and demand for care. The methodology is based on a mixed approach, using a quantitative and qualitative approach. The results made it possible to highlight the residential areas linked to children's accidents in their daily activities, the different traumas and the care circuit according to the supply and demand for care. The results also reveal all the socio-economic and health difficulties during and after the changeover at the Centre Hospitalier universitaire pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle.Les traumatismes dus aux accidents de la route chez les enfants sont aujourd’hui un problème majeur de santé publique dans le monde. Très peu de recherches ont été réalisées sur ce sujet en Afrique. Au Burkina Faso, il y a une absence de travaux réalisés sur la population des enfants de moins de 15 ans à notre connaissance. La présente thèse vise à contribuer d’une part à une meilleure connaissance de l’accidentologie routière des enfants et les conséquences qui en résultent et d’autre part, analyser le recours aux soins des victimes en fonction de l’offre et de la demande de soins. La méthodologie s’appuie sur une approche mixte, recourant à une démarche quantitative et qualitative. Les résultats ont permis de mettre en évidence les zones d’habitation en lien avec les accidents des enfants dans leurs activités quotidiennes, les différents traumatismes et le circuit de prise en charge en fonction de l’offre et de la demande de soins. Les résultats révèlent également toutes les difficultés socio-économiques et de santé pendant et après la prise en change au Centre Hospitalier universitaire pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle
Les enfants de moins de 15 ans face au risque d'accident de la route à Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)
Get PDFÀ Ouagadougou, les déplacements pendulaires entre la périphérie et le centre-ville génèrent un trafic dense. Ces mobilités représentent un risque d’accident de la route pour des usagers vulnérables que sont les enfants. Cet article a pour objectif de comprendre les déterminants géographiques (environnement urbain en particulier) des accidents de la route chez les enfants de moins de 15 ans dans leurs pratiques quotidiennes. La méthodologie mobilisée a combiné une approche quantitative avec des questionnaires auprès des élèves dans 12 écoles primaires et une approche qualitative avec des observations directes. Les résultats montrent que les garçons (31 %) sont davantage impliqués dans les accidents que les filles (25 %). Les enfants des zones loties (36 %) sont plus impliqués dans les accidents de route que ceux des zones non loties (18 %).Road accidents among children are now a major public health problem worldwide. According to a WHO report (2015), 186 300 children die on the roads worldwide, and the most at risk of death live in low- and middle-income countries (WHO 2015). The sub-Saharan African region has the highest number of road accidents among children with 32% of deaths (Li, Alonge, and Hyder 2016). They are the most vulnerable to road crash risk because of their physical and cognitive attributes still in development (Cloutier and Apparicio 2008). Ouagadougou, the capital of Burkina Faso, has experienced, and continues to experience, rapid spatial dynamics. The commuting between the periphery and the city centre is very important and generates dense traffic. These mobilities, through the different modes of transport, represent a risk of road accidents for vulnerable users such as children. Little research has been done on children’s exposure to road crash risks. The objective is to analyse the individual characteristics of children and the residential areas urban environment in relation to road accident risk among children under 15 years of age in their daily activities (play and going to and from school) in Ouagadougou. This research aims to understand their vulnerability in their daily mobility on the Ouagadougou territory. We conducted a study in 12 elementary schools in the city of Ouagadougou between April and May 2017 with students under 15 years of age in the first (CE1) and second year (CE2) of elementary classes, and in the first year (CM1) and second year (CM2) of middle classes. The surveyed schools were randomly selected by district. Authorization was requested and granted from the Ministry of National Education and Literacy regional directorate for a survey of students in these schools. Students were interviewed individually using a questionnaire. Each student randomly selected came out of the classroom in turn to answer different questions. Collected data were entered into the Sphinx data processing and analysis software. The data analysis was performed on XLSTAT 2018 software. As for the qualitative data collection method, it is based on direct observation technique including a form on the different types of facilities around schools. More than 500 children (523) were surveyed. Boys (31%) are more involved in accidents than girls (25%). State-employed fathers (41%) and not working fathers (33%) have more children involved in road accidents. At the mother level, it is students (33%) and state employees (31%) who have more children involved in accidents. Children residing in unplanned areas (36%) are more involved in road accidents than those in unplanned areas (18%). Children are more likely to be involved in an accident if they prefer to play on the street in front of the housing yard (31%) and if they prefer to play inside the housing yard (30%). Nearly 28% of children have already had a road accident and 70% of them have been injured. Facilities around schools to reduce the risk of children being involved in road accidents are non-existent. Thus, in all the schools surveyed, no speed bumps were built to reduce the speeds of motorized users, nor were there any warning signs to alert road users of the presence of a school. In addition, schools near major roads (main roads) do not have crossing guards to help children cross. It is important to reduce the risk of accidents among children by providing facilities around schools and in densely populated areas. These results reveal a high exposure of children to accident risks in subdivided areas compared to un-divided areas in Ouagadougou. Monitoring children during their street play and planning policies that take children’s road safety into account are necessary to reduce the risk
Children under 15 years old of road risk in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)
Get PDFRoad accidents among children are now a major public health problem worldwide. According to a WHO report (2015), 186 300 children die on the roads worldwide, and the most at risk of death live in low- and middle-income countries (WHO 2015). The sub-Saharan African region has the highest number of road accidents among children with 32% of deaths (Li, Alonge, and Hyder 2016). They are the most vulnerable to road crash risk because of their physical and cognitive attributes still in development ..
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
