1,720,972 research outputs found
High resolution CT (HRCT) of the lung in adults. Defining the limits between normal and pathologic findings.
No full textUnder normal conditions, HRCT shows secondary lobule structures and allows for a precise evaluation, with inspiratory and expiratory scans, of central airways dimensions, lung area and parenchymal density. Frequently, asymptomatic smokers with normal lung function tests, present with mild abnormalities not visible at chest X-ray: bronchial thickening, bronchiolectasis, respiratory bronchiolitis and centrilobular or paraseptal emphysema. In the elderly, HRCT studies often show borderline findings such as age-related tracheo-bronchial calcifications and emphasise the progressive increase in the bronchoarterial ratio. Another frequent finding is expiratory air trapping, which can be associated with a variety of lung diseases, but can also represent a physiologic and temporary finding, during an episode of sub-clinical bronchospasm or related to local variation of bronchiolar dynamic compliance. The knowledge of the boundaries between normality and pathology is an essential prerequisite for the correct interpretation HRCT findings
High-resolution CT in diagnosis of diffuse infiltrative lung disease.
No full textThe chest radiograph remains the first imaging modality for the approach to diffuse infiltrative lung disease (DILD), but, 23 years after its introduction, high-resolution CT (HRCT) is still considered the best imaging tool for the evaluation of the pulmonary interstitium and to diagnose and assess DILD. The introduction of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) has provided the thoracic radiologist with a powerful tool with which to image the lung. Moreover MDCT has enabled radiologists to understand better the functional information contained within CT images of DILD. By focusing on the HRCT signs, patterns, and distributions of abnormalities, and mentioning the clinical aspects and the new recent advances in pulmonary imaging, in this article we provide an overview of a practical approach to the interpretation of the DILD
A painful stiff neck following an ear, nose, and throat surgical procedure: Case report
No full textGrisel syndrome is a rare, nontraumatic atlantoaxial subluxation, typical of developmental ages and characterized by head flexion/rotation and painful fixation. Neurological symptoms may occur. It is secondary to head/neck infections and ear, nose, and throat surgery (adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy, and mastoidectomy). Here, we report the case of a child who presented a painful stiff neck following an adenotonsillectomy, with imaging evidencing an atlantoaxial subluxation. The child showed improvement in his condition following a conservative treatment with antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic therapy and cervical collar. We believe it is of great significance for clinicians taking into account this peculiar condition in the differential diagnosis of a stiff neck in pediatric patients, thus avoiding misdiagnosis and delays. Indeed, its diagnosis is mainly based on a focused anamnesis associated with the detection of the typical neuroradiological finding
Aberrant Mid-Sagittal Fiber Tracts Visualized by Diffusion Tensor MR: A Case Report
No full textIn hemimegalencephaly, MR imaging often reveals mid-sagittal band-like structures between the lateral ventricles. We describe the clinical presentation, morphologic abnormalities, conventional MR imaging, diffusion tensor MR and fiber tract (FT) reconstruction in a 14-year-old boy with unilateral hemimegalencephaly. We retrospectively examined MR images to determine whether these structures are aberrant mid-sagittal fibers
Diagnostic imaging of diffuse infiltrative disease of the lung.
No full textPlain chest radiography remains the first diagnostic approach to diffuse infiltrative lung disease but has limited diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. Many diseases remain occult or are not correctly assessed using chest X-ray, appearing as a nonspecific 'reticulonodular pattern'. High-resolution CT (HRCT) is actually the recommended imaging technique in the diagnosis, assessment, and follow-up of these diseases, allowing also the evaluation of the effectiveness of the medical therapy and the selection of the type and the location of the biopsy when required. Appropriate techniques must be used to acquire high-quality HRCT scans, with the thin collimation and high spatial reconstruction algorithm being the most important factors. A nodular pattern, linear and reticular opacities, cystic lesions, ground-glass opacities and consolidations are the most common HRCT patterns of diffuse infiltrative lung disease. This article reviews the role of chest radiography and HRCT in the diagnosis and assessment of these diseases, the technical aspects of HRCT, its clinical indications and the radiological pattern of the most common types of chronic diffuse infiltrative lung disease
Evaluation of quantitative CT indexes in idiopathic interstitial pneumonitis using a low-dose technique.
No full textTo evaluate and compare histogram features (mean lung attenuation, skewness, kurtosis) of low-dose and standard-dose CT in a group of patients affected by idiopathic interstitial pneumonitis.We analyzed 16 patients affected by idiopathic interstitial pneumonitis. Spiral whole lung thin-section CT acquisition at standard dose (100 mAs) and three additional low-dose (50 mAs) CT images were obtained. After obtained frequency histograms, mean lung attenuation (MLA), skewness and kurtosis and three range of density (-700/-200 HU; -700/-400 HU; -500/-200 HU) of the standard-and low-dose thin-section CT scans were analyzed and compared.The parameters obtained with low-dose and standard-dose spiral CT were correlated in a highly significant manner and were equivalent (p<0.01). The greatest correlation was found between standard-and low-dose kurtosis and standard and low-dose -700/-400 HU subrange of density (r=0.92; p<0.0001).Our results prove that a quantitative CT objective evaluation in lung fibrosis can be successfully obtained with low-dose spiral CT, with reduced mA
A novel temporal pattern of childhood cerebral X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
No full textWe report a 9-year-old boy, with childhood cerebral X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (CCALD), presenting with an episode of loss of consciousness, fixed gaze, hypotonia and vomit with spontaneous resolution and post-ictal sleep. Behavioural impairment has been observed since the previous five months. Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) revealed isolated bilateral, symmetric, confluent temporal white matter lesions involving also corticospinal tracts, with sparing of the parieto-occipital and frontal white matter. This report outlines an atypical neuroradiological localization of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy and neuropsychological findings not specifically related to the brain involvement seen at the MRI
Early smoking-induced lung lesions in asymptomatic subjects. Correlations between high resolution dynamic CT and pulmonary function testing
No full textTo evaluate the prevalence and significance of the pathological effects of cigarette smoking on the lung and the sensitivity of high-resolution CT (HRCT) in the recognition of early smoking-induced lesions in asymptomatic former or current smokers
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