1,721,097 research outputs found
PANoptosis: A coordinated response in the diversity of cell death
No full textThe recently introduced concept of PANoptosis describes a highly regulated mechanism involving the coordinated action of pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis. However, none of these three types of cell death can explain this concept alone. PANoptosis is mediated by a structure called the PANoptosome. PANoptosome components can be formed in different ways according to triggers and receptor interactions. Therefore, stimulators and regulators become central to understanding the mechanism of PANoptosis. In this review, the mechanism of PANoptosis was summarized in general, and PANoptosome regulators in the literature were discussed collectively. We aimed to contribute to the possible therapeutic approaches
A sensitive fluorometric assay for determining hydrogen peroxide-mediated sublethal and lethal endothelial cell injury
No full textA rapid and sensitive quantitative fluorometric assay was developed to measure the response of endothelial cells to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The response of an endothelial cell-derived cell line, EA-hy-926, or human umbilical vein endothelial cells to H2O2 was determined using calcein-AM, a dye which becomes fluorescent upon cleavage by intracellular esterase(s). The ability of the cells to take up and convert calcein-AM was measured directly in the wells of 96-well flat-bottomed tissue culture plates with cell monolayers using a computerised microplate fluorimeter, or in cell suspensions using flow cytometry. The results obtained by these techniques were compared with each other and with a standard Cr release cytotoxicity assay. We found that calcein-AM is a highly sensitive probe for measuring H2O2-mediated cell injury, as it can not only detect the irreversible cyotoxicity measured by 51Cr release assay, but can also distinguish sublethal and reversible injury seen at low H2O2 concentrations.British Heart Foundatio
Investigation of changes in exosomes profile during storage period of erythrocyte suspensions
No full textThis study aimed to investigate the relationship of exosomes in erythrocyte suspension (ES) with leukoreduction and storage period. In this study, we expected to obtain new information about the immunomodulatory effect of allogeneic blood transfusion. Whole blood from healthy donors (10) were transferred to two separate blood bags by an equal amount converted into ES. One of the bags was passed through the leukocyte filter to obtain reduced leukocyte and non-reduced ESs and divided into four equal blood bags. Flow cytometry was used to identify and quantify exosomes in the samples on the 0th, 14th, 28th, and 42nd days at 4 degrees C. The exosomes were first coated with anti-CD9 antibodies with carboxylates beads and exosome volumes were determined by BCA Protein Assay to determine the amount of exosome-containing samples to be bound by beads and investigated by flow cytometry. Exosomes which were derived from Th, NK, NK-T cells were not detected in our study. There were no significant differences in exosome profiles between NL-ES and LR-ES groups. Statistically significant results (in comparison with the 0th day) were found as below. Exosomes that were derived from; T lymphocytes, decrease in LR-ES groups at 42nd-day samples (P < 0.05). Tc lymphocytes, decrease in NL-ES groups at 14th day and 42nd-day samples (P < 0.05). B lymphocytes, a decrease in NL-ES groups at the sample of 28th and 42nd-days (P < 0.05). MDSC and G-MDSC, decrease in both NL-ES groups and LR-ES groups at the sample of 14th, 28th, and 42nd-days (P < 0.05). Our results suggest that exosomes in erythrocyte suspensions are not affected by the leukoreduction procedure. Exosomes which can freely pass from leukocyte filters may be the main cause of the insufficiency of leukoreduction to prevent TRIM
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Beta-Glucan induces Interferon-Gamma production in human T cells via IL-12
No full textBeta (beta)-Glucans are biological response modifiers with potent effects on the immune system. They are glucose polymers present in the cell walls of plants, fungi, and bacteria, and are considered to be pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). It has been reported that these polymers have a variety of effects on the immune system, including anti-tumor and anti-infective activities against fungal, bacterial, viral, and protozoal infections. In this study, we investigated the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae beta-glucan on IFN-gamma production capacity of T cells. After 6 days incubation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the presence or absence beta-glucan, IFN-gamma production and secretion were determined by flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively. beta-glucan significantly upregulated IFN-gamma production. In contrast, neutralization of IL-12 activity by anti-IL-12 decreased IFN-gamma synthesis. These data suggest that beta-glucan may support anti-tumour and anti-infective immune responses by increasing IL-12-induced IFN-gamma production in T cells
Reply to Letter on “Understanding the Role of the Kynurenine Pathway in Behçet’s Syndrome: Commentary on Uçar et al.”
No full textPrevalence of HLA-B*57 serotype associated with hypersensitivity reaction in HIV treatment in Turkish population
No full textMediators of Gut Mucosal Immunity and Inflammation
Get PDFThe gastrointestinal tract is continuously exposed to foreign antigens such as those derived from food and microbiota of gut. Gut flora is an important entity of human body that plays crucial role in healthy immune system and various immunological disorders. Exploration of interactions between gut flora and immune system is an important area of current investigations. Cytokines and chemokines are the integral component of the adaptive and innate immune response in the gastrointestinal system. Cytokines are involved in a variety of immunological, inflammatory, and infectious diseases. Chemokines are a family of small cytokines or proteins secreted by numerous cells. The major role of chemokines is to guide the migration of particular cells. The mediators of gut mucosal immunity and inflammation are not limited to chemokines and cytokines. There are many inflammatory and anti-inflammatory molecules derived from gut mucosal endothelial cells and leucocytes
Electrochemistry-based assay for monitoring of adherent macrophages and foam cells on ab-cd36 modified electrospun nanofibers
No full textAtherosclerosis, a major cause of heart attacks, is a chronic inflammatory disease marked by the accumulation of lipid-laden foam cells and immune cells in the arterial wall. Here, for the first time, the adhesions of macrophages and foam cells toward the developed polystyrene/graphene oxide-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane/Anti-CD36 (PS@GAPTES@Ab-CD36) electrospun nanofiber (ESNF)-based biofunctional surface was investigated using electrochemical measurements and fluorescence imaging. After the oxidative modification of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was carried out, macrophage cells were incubated with different concentrations of oxidative HDL (ox-HDL) to determine the most suitable concentration of ox-HDL for obtaining foam cells. Afterward, electrochemical measurements were carried out using PS@GAPTES@Ab-CD36 modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) in the presence of foam cells and macrophages. The linear range of both cell types was 10-103 cells mL-1. The limit of detection (LOD) was calculated as 15 and 17 cells mL-1 for the foam cells and macrophages, respectively. It was observed that foam cells' adhesion to the PS@GAPTES@Ab-CD36 biofunctional surface was relatively high compared to macrophage cells because of the enhanced CD36 expression on the surface of foam cells. Finally, macrophage and foam cells were seeded on PS@GAPTES@Ab-CD36 and PS@GAPTES (control) ESNFs, and DAPI staining was carried out for fluorescence imaging
Evaluation of specific protective immune response with different immunological parameters in tuberculosis pleurisy
No full textTB plörezili olguların plevra sıvıları ve periferik kanlarında, lenfosit grup ve alt grupları, aktive lenfositlerin oran ve MS ile TNF-a, İL- 1(5 ve IL-6 düzeylerinin saptanması amacıyla yapılan çalışmada; 1. TB plörezili olguların plevra sıvısı lökosit formüllerindeki lenfosit oranı ( %97.5 + %2.3), TB-dışı plörezili olgulann plevra sıvısındaki ile karşılaştırıldığında (%72.5 ± %15.6), anlamlı olarak yüksek bulundu.. TB plörezili olgularda plevra sıvısı MLS ortalamasının (3250/mm3), aynı olgulann periferik kan (1961/mm3) ve TB- dışı plörezili olgulann periferik kan (2381/mm3) ve plevra sıvısı (1958/mm3) MLS'na göre istatistiki olarak anlamlı olmasa da daha yüksek olduğu saptandı. Bu bulgular literatür verileri ile uyumludur (85-87). 2. TB plörezili hastaların plevra sıvısında CD3+, CD4+ T lenfosit oranlarının arttığı, CD8+ T lenfosit oranlarının TB-dışı plöerizili gruba göre farklılık göstermediği ve dolayısıyla CD4/CD8 oranının artmış olduğu saptandı. Bu veriler diğer araştırmacılar tarafından yapılan çalışmaların verileriyle uyumludur. Buna karşılık, başka çalışmalarda TB plörezili veya menenjitli hastaların periferik kan CD4+ T lenfositlerinde saptanan azalma, bizim çalışmamızda gösterilemedi. 3. Çalışmaya alman gruplar arasında B lenfosit oranlan ve mutlak sayılan arasında bir fark bulunmadı. Bu da literatür verileri ile uyumlu olup TB'a karşı koruyucu immün yanıtta hücresel immünitenin rolü olduğunu kanıtlamaktadır. 4. TB plörezili olgulann plevra sıvısındaki NK hücre ve y8+ T lenfosit oranlan, periferik kan değerleri ile karşılaştırdığında; anlamlı olarak azalmış bulundu. NK hücrelerinin azalması; bu bölgede immünsüpresyonun olaylanamadığını ve yerine 57JL2 ve IL-2r artışı ile karakterize güçlü koruyucu bir immün yanıtın ortaya çıktığını düşündürmektedir. Nitekim bu görüş, IL-2r+ lenfosit oranının TB plörezili hastaların plevra sıvısında artmış olarak bulunmasıyla bir ölçüde kanıtlanmış oldu. y8+ T lenfosit oranlan ve mutlak sayılan yönünden çalışma gruplan arasında bir fark saptanamamasına rağmen, bu olgulardan elde edilecek yS+ T lenfositlerin canlı MTB ile stimülasyonu suretiyle daha sağlıklı sonuçlar alınabileceği görüşündeyiz. 5. Çalışmaya alınan hasta gruplannın plevra sıvısı ve serumlarında, proenflamatuvar sitokinlerden bazılarının düzeyleri araştırıldığında; özellikle IL-6'nın TB plörezili hastalann serumunda TB-dışı plörezili olgulara göre daha yüksek konsantrasyonlarda bulunduğu saptandı. Diğer sitokinler yönünden anlamlı bir fark bulunduğu gösterilemedi. 6. Bütün bu verilerin ışığı altında, TB'daki koruyucu immünitede hücresel immünitenin primer yanıt olduğu; T lenfositlerin ve özellikle CD4+ (helper- endüktör) T hücrelerinin regülasyonu sağlayan temel hücreler olduğu; lezyon bölgesinde IL-2r ekspresyonunun artması ile karakterize bir lenfosit aktivasyonunun söz konusu olduğu ve bunun plevrada aderan süpresör monositlerin ve NK hücrelerinin azlığı veya yokluğu ile açıklanabileceği ortaya konulmuştur. y8+ T lenfositlerinin ve sitokinlerin rolleri açısından kesin veriler elde edilmemiş olmakla birlikte ilerideki çahşmalanmızda bu komponentlerin rollerinin araştırılması için başka birtakım stratejilerin (y5+ T lenfositlerin rolü için in vitro stimülasyon deneyleri; sitokinler yönünden reseptör ve reseptör antagonist ölçümlerinin yanısıra hücreiçi sitokin ölçümleri,.vb) uygulanması gerektiği mesajım vermiştir
The use of ACE INDEL polymorphism as a biomarker of coronary artery Chock disease (CAD) in humans with Mediterranean-style diet
No full textThe ACE INDEL gene polymorphisms are strongly associated with CAD. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between ACE INDEL polymorphism and CAD in Turkish Cypriots whose are expected to have Mediterranean-style diet. 273 Turkish Cypriot descent volunteer subjects (186 controls and 87 CAD patients) participated in this study. Genotyping for the ACE INDEL polymorphism was performed by PCR-RFLP analysis. Biochemical parameters except the glucose and triglyceride lipid level were all within normal limits. Glucose level was found significant (p = 0.019) and triglyceride level was observed at the borderline for significance (p = 0.050) in participants according to WHO guidelines. With the respect to the genotype and allele distributions of ACE INDEL, the results showed statistically significant in CAD patients (p = 0.034) and not significant (p = 0.190) in controls. Haplotype analysis showed that D allele was more frequent in patients compared to controls. Thus, there is a statistically significant association with CAD disease with DD genotypes (p = 0.030) in Turkish Cypriot population.The results indicated that ACE INDEL polymorphism is an important predictor of coronary artery disease in Turkish Cypriots. Although 47% of the studied Turkish Cypriot population carry the D allele (p = 0.07), protocols should be developed for prevention strategies immediately. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
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