16 research outputs found
<Article>City Landscape and Historiography in Pausanias' Ελλάδος Περιήγησις (Description of Greece): The Case of Tegea
No full text『ギリシア案内記』は、ローマ支配下のギリシア諸都市の状況を伝える同時代史料としても、諸々の神話・歴史伝承を伝える歴史史料としても第一級の価値を持つ作品である。この作品の際立った特徴は、時系列に沿った歴史叙述を空間的な経路に沿った都市景観の描写に織り込んだその独特の構成にあるが、従来の研究では、これら二つの要素は相互に切り離されて論じられることが多かった。そこで本稿では、両要素の連関に注目することによって当作品の全体像を理解するための糸口を提供することを目指す。そのためのケーススタディとして、テゲアという都市に関するパウサニアスの記述を取り上げ、これを考古資料や他の文献史料と詳細に比較することによって、都市景観の描写とそこに挿入された歴史叙述が内容的に密接な連関を持つこと、その背景には、ローマ帝政期における都市ごとの景観と記憶の再編という同時代的な文脈があったことを示す。Pausanias' Ελλάδος Περιήγησις (Description of Greece) has been a constant reference work for classical historians, both as a contemporary source reflecting the reality of Greek cities in the second century AD and as a historical work preserving now-lost literary/oral traditions. The whole picture of the work, however, has not been adequately explored due to the tendency to divide the work into two parts, namely, the descriptive part describing monuments in each city according, in most cases, to the spatial order, and the historiographical part either preceding or interposing the descriptive part. With the aim of proposing a new understanding of the whole work, this paper explores the connections between the descriptive and historiographical parts in Pausanias' Περιήγησις. As a case study, we will focus on Tegea, an Arkadian city treated in some detail at the end of the Book Eighth. The description of the city includes two remarkable historiographical narratives, the biographical section on Philopoemen and the famous list of the “benefactors of the whole Greece”. In previous studies, the description of the city and the two historical parts are analyzed separately with hardly any connection to each other. In this paper we shall synthesize the studies devoted to the individual sections of the description of Tegea and demonstrate that there is a strong anti-Spartan tendency penetrating both the descriptive and the two historiographical sections: the descriptive part includes numerous remarks concerning monuments, places, and festivals commemorating victories against Spartan invasions (mostly dated to the archaic period); Philopoemen is constantly depicted as a liberator of cities from Sparta and its successive tyrants; the list of benefactors of the whole Greece includes those who overthrew Spartan hegemonies in Greece, such as Conon and Epaminondas, not to mention the “last benefactor” Philopoemen. The comparison with other literary sources, especially Herodotus and Plutarch, which Pausanias uses or alludes with high probability, will show that he selectively chooses those aspects of the preceding sources which describe the inter-Greek struggles against Sparta. The anti-Spartan tradition of the city of Tegea itself, known from literary, inscriptional, and archaeological sources, suggests that Pausanias consciously chooses the city as the place to insert the historiographical narratives tinged with anti-Spartan tendencies. The analysis of Tegea might seem to suggest that Pausanias, moving from one city to another, sympathizes with the memories and local traditions preserved in the landscape of each city. However, the city of Mantinea, another Arkadian city also treated in the Book Eighth, shows that this is not always the case. In contrast to the description of Tegea, where Pausanias focuses on the monuments commemorating Tegean victories against Sparta, the description of the city of Mantinea focuses on two historical themes: the battle of Mantinea (362 B.C.) and the peaceful relationship of the city with the Romans. In the case of Mantinea, too, Pausanias inserts historiographical narratives related to the monuments he depicts. In this case, however, he takes distance from the local traditions and sometimes expresses disagreements. We will conclude from the comparison of the two cities that Pausanias is highly conscious of the nature of the memories each city preserves in its city landscape, and that the historiographical narratives he inserts show his sympathies or antipathizes against the local memories. Taking into consideration the constant reconstructions and recreations of the ‘pasts’ conducted in Greek cities of the early imperial era, the city landscapes, into which Pausanias inserts historiographical narratives, are themselves a kind of “historiography” which expresses a certain vision of the past through the selective preservation and allocation/relocation of monuments. By analyzing the connections between the descriptive and the historiographical parts of Pausanias' work, we can reconstruct the discourse between Pausanias and the memories and historical visions incarnated in the landscapes of the imperial Greek cities
<Articles>How Pausanias Views Greece: A Reinterpretation from the Local Dimension
No full textパウサニアスの『ギリシア案内記』は、「ギリシアに関するあらゆるもの」の叙述を目指した、その射程においても密度においても、他に類を見ない労作である。ギリシアを主題としたこの作品を理解する上で、パウサニアスのギリシア観が枢要の位置を占めることは自明であり、当然その解明を巡っては、これまで多くの研究が為されてきた。しかしながら、従来の議論が彼のギリシア観の一側面にしか焦点を当ててこなかったことは、あまり認識されていない。すなわちそれらの研究が注目してきたのは、ペルシアやマケドニア、そして何よりも、ローマという他者に対峙する存在としてのギリシアであって、そこにはギリシア内の個々の都市や地域といったローカルな枠組みとの関連で、ギリシア観の問題を検討する視座が欠けていた。そこで本稿はこのようなローカルな次元からの再検討によって、パウサニアスのギリシア観の新たな側面に光を当てるとともに、それを通して、ローマとギリシア、支配と被支配の二分法を前提とすることなしに、パウサニアスを同時代の文化の中に再定置する糸口を提示する。With the aim of depicting everything pertaining to Greece, Pausanias' Περιήγησις is a work incomparable both in its geographical scope and in the density with which each region is described. In order to grasp the core of this complex literary construct, many attempts have been made to understand Pausanias' views on Greece, past and present. Until recently, however, the prevalent interest on the issues of Roman imperialism has too often led to an overemphasis of Greek vs. non-Greek (particularly Roman) conflicts, which, on the other hand, has caused the relative neglect of the local dimension of Pausanias' Greece. That is to say, the poleis and regional entities which collectively constitute Greece have not been paid the attention they justly deserve in the attempts to interpret Pausanias' views on Greece. This paper, therefore, focuses on the often- neglected local dimension, and uses this as a key to understanding the way Pausanias conceptualized the history of Greece. His consistent 'anti- Spartan' attitude, it will be argued, enables two different concepts of 'Greece' to co-exist in Περιήγησις - one against non-Greeks such as Persians, Macedonians, and Romans, the other against Sparta. This duplicity of 'Greece', it turns out, functions as a joint through which to integrate the decline narrative of Greece, full of inter-Greek wars, into the idealized vision of the classical period symbolized in the victory against the Persians. Finally, suggestions are made to newly contextualize the work in the culture of the Roman Empire of the 2nd century, without turning back to the well-worn dichotomy of Greek vs. non-Greek
Study on Traditional Coating Materials Used on Japanese Folk Architecture and Its Application to the Restoration of Coatings ―Case Study on the Ono Family House at Shiojiri, Nagano―
No full textThe present paper is a report on the observation and analysis of traditional coating materials used on Japanese folk architecture and its application to the restoration of coatings.
Study by observation of the Ono family house at Shiojiri,Nagano prefecture revealed that most of the wooden members of this architecture are covered with some types of coating material, especially with urushi which is very lustrous. The coating methods used were identified as shunkei-nuri, black urushi coating, black coating, bengala coating, and suri-urushi or fuki-urushi. Next, elemental analyses including those using a microscope, PY-GC/MS and X-ray fluorescence, as well as cross-section analysis by observation were conducted on small pieces of coating layers.
As a result it was found that although the coated surface might appear quite lustrous, not all was coated with urushi. On some surfaces dried oil had been used,while on others new materials, such as varnish or wax, had been used. There were even places where the surface had been polished by constant wiping.
Based on these findings,it was decided that,to restore the coated surfaces of the Ono family house, urushi coating would be applied only to places where analysis had clearly shown urushi coating, while for other places boiled dried oil would be used to wipe the surfaces.journal articl
Hitome de wakaru Shina jihen to Nisso kankei echizu /
No full textRelief shown by shading and pictorially.; 880-06 Published as supplement to a women magazine, 'Fujin Kurabu', Nov 1937 issue.; Legends include: frontline of China-Japan conflict, pill box of Soviet Army front lines, military ports, military airports, disposition of Red Army troops, the Great Wall of China, areas occupied by the Japanese army in the Sino-Japanese Conflict so far (as of 1 October 1937), areas bombed by the Japanese (as of 1 October 1937).; The main map includes numerous pictorial features of people in each country and region on the map. Names of major cities are given, and several charts, such as a chronological chart of development of Sino-Japanese War and the chart of Soviet Union's army's armaments.; 880-07 Seizu Ebihara Bingo --- on the edge of two maps on the other side; Also available online http://nla.gov.au/nla.map-vn6856147. Cartoon style map of China (Japanese Women's Club)Map of East Asia and Soviet, detailing the development of the SIno-Japanese Conflict and the relationship of the Soviet Union and Japan at that time.Shina jihen to Nisso kankei echizu880-03 title of the map on verso: Konan chiho jikyoku shosaizu880-0 4 title of the map on verso: Shanhai, Nankin fuki
Exact solutions to plaquette Ising models with free and periodic boundaries
No full textAbstractAn anisotropic limit of the 3d plaquette Ising model, in which the plaquette couplings in one direction were set to zero, was solved for free boundary conditions by Suzuki (1972) [1], who later dubbed it the fuki-nuke, or “no-ceiling”, model. Defining new spin variables as the product of nearest-neighbour spins transforms the Hamiltonian into that of a stack of (standard) 2d Ising models and reveals the planar nature of the magnetic order, which is also present in the fully isotropic 3d plaquette model. More recently, the solution of the fuki-nuke model was discussed for periodic boundary conditions, which require a different approach to defining the product spin transformation, by Castelnovo et al. (2010) [2].We clarify the exact relation between partition functions with free and periodic boundary conditions expressed in terms of original and product spin variables for the 2d plaquette and 3d fuki-nuke models, noting that the differences are already present in the 1d Ising model. In addition, we solve the 2d plaquette Ising model with helical boundary conditions. The various exactly solved examples illustrate how correlations can be induced in finite systems as a consequence of the choice of boundary conditions
<論説>パウサニアス『ギリシア案内記』における都市景観と歴史叙述 --テゲアに関する記述を中心に--
No full text『ギリシア案内記』は、ローマ支配下のギリシア諸都市の状況を伝える同時代史料としても、諸々の神話・歴史伝承を伝える歴史史料としても第一級の価値を持つ作品である。この作品の際立った特徴は、時系列に沿った歴史叙述を空間的な経路に沿った都市景観の描写に織り込んだその独特の構成にあるが、従来の研究では、これら二つの要素は相互に切り離されて論じられることが多かった。そこで本稿では、両要素の連関に注目することによって当作品の全体像を理解するための糸口を提供することを目指す。そのためのケーススタディとして、テゲアという都市に関するパウサニアスの記述を取り上げ、これを考古資料や他の文献史料と詳細に比較することによって、都市景観の描写とそこに挿入された歴史叙述が内容的に密接な連関を持つこと、その背景には、ローマ帝政期における都市ごとの景観と記憶の再編という同時代的な文脈があったことを示す。Pausanias' Ελλάδος Περιήγησις (Description of Greece) has been a constant reference work for classical historians, both as a contemporary source reflecting the reality of Greek cities in the second century AD and as a historical work preserving now-lost literary/oral traditions. The whole picture of the work, however, has not been adequately explored due to the tendency to divide the work into two parts, namely, the descriptive part describing monuments in each city according, in most cases, to the spatial order, and the historiographical part either preceding or interposing the descriptive part. With the aim of proposing a new understanding of the whole work, this paper explores the connections between the descriptive and historiographical parts in Pausanias' Περιήγησις. As a case study, we will focus on Tegea, an Arkadian city treated in some detail at the end of the Book Eighth. The description of the city includes two remarkable historiographical narratives, the biographical section on Philopoemen and the famous list of the “benefactors of the whole Greece”. In previous studies, the description of the city and the two historical parts are analyzed separately with hardly any connection to each other. In this paper we shall synthesize the studies devoted to the individual sections of the description of Tegea and demonstrate that there is a strong anti-Spartan tendency penetrating both the descriptive and the two historiographical sections: the descriptive part includes numerous remarks concerning monuments, places, and festivals commemorating victories against Spartan invasions (mostly dated to the archaic period); Philopoemen is constantly depicted as a liberator of cities from Sparta and its successive tyrants; the list of benefactors of the whole Greece includes those who overthrew Spartan hegemonies in Greece, such as Conon and Epaminondas, not to mention the “last benefactor” Philopoemen. The comparison with other literary sources, especially Herodotus and Plutarch, which Pausanias uses or alludes with high probability, will show that he selectively chooses those aspects of the preceding sources which describe the inter-Greek struggles against Sparta. The anti-Spartan tradition of the city of Tegea itself, known from literary, inscriptional, and archaeological sources, suggests that Pausanias consciously chooses the city as the place to insert the historiographical narratives tinged with anti-Spartan tendencies. The analysis of Tegea might seem to suggest that Pausanias, moving from one city to another, sympathizes with the memories and local traditions preserved in the landscape of each city. However, the city of Mantinea, another Arkadian city also treated in the Book Eighth, shows that this is not always the case. In contrast to the description of Tegea, where Pausanias focuses on the monuments commemorating Tegean victories against Sparta, the description of the city of Mantinea focuses on two historical themes: the battle of Mantinea (362 B.C.) and the peaceful relationship of the city with the Romans. In the case of Mantinea, too, Pausanias inserts historiographical narratives related to the monuments he depicts. In this case, however, he takes distance from the local traditions and sometimes expresses disagreements. We will conclude from the comparison of the two cities that Pausanias is highly conscious of the nature of the memories each city preserves in its city landscape, and that the historiographical narratives he inserts show his sympathies or antipathizes against the local memories. Taking into consideration the constant reconstructions and recreations of the ‘pasts’ conducted in Greek cities of the early imperial era, the city landscapes, into which Pausanias inserts historiographical narratives, are themselves a kind of “historiography” which expresses a certain vision of the past through the selective preservation and allocation/relocation of monuments. By analyzing the connections between the descriptive and the historiographical parts of Pausanias' work, we can reconstruct the discourse between Pausanias and the memories and historical visions incarnated in the landscapes of the imperial Greek cities
Utilization of above-ground space in captivity by four sympatric shrew species from Hokkaido, Japan
No full textThe present study focused on the above-ground activity of shrews by observing their climbing frequency and duration on aerial parts of plants in a laboratory setting for four sympatric shrew species (Sorex unguiculatus, S. caecutiens, S. gracillimus, and S. minutissimus) in Hokkaido, Japan. All shrew species utilized aerial parts of plant. The lighter S. gracillimus tended to exhibit a higher frequency and longer duration of climbing on aerial parts compared to the heaviest S. unguiculatus, which tended to avoid using such parts. While the sample size is small, the smallest S. minutissimus and medium-sized S. caecutiens seemed to use more aerial parts than S. unguiculatus. All shrew species tended to prefer using the fuki butterbur and the sasa bamboo compared to the other plant types. Additionally, S. unguiculatus and S. caecutiens tended to avoid the use of herbs with the thinnest diameters. These findings are probably related with the diameter and morphology of plant. The result of the present study provides novel insights into the potential niche separation among the four sympatric shrew species in Hokkaido
The great unknown: Japanese American sketches
No full textIncludes bibliographical references and index.Introduces a readable collection of portraits about a group of extraordinary men and women who made remarkable contributions in the arts, literature, law, sports, and other fields, and shed light on largely unknown aspects of Japanese American history.--Provided by publisher. An anthology of articles that originally appeared in the column, "The Great Unknown and the Unknown Great," in the Nichi Bei Times and the Nichi Bei Weekly, and several articles that appeared in other periodicals, as well as some previously unpublished material.Issei women: an overview -- Shio Sakanishi, Library of Congress official and scholar -- Fuki Endow Kawaguchi's diary -- Tel Sono, Issei women lawyer and missionary -- Ayako Ishigaki, feminist and peace activist -- Isamu Noguchi's struggle against executive order 9066 -- Kathleen Tamagawa, first Nisei author -- The Chino and Ohi families -- Milton Ozaki, mystery writer -- Yone U. Stafford, pacifist militant -- Jenichiro Oyabe, a "Japanese Yankee" at Howard University -- Eddie Shimano, crusading journalist and poet -- Kay Karl Endow, novelist, aviator, and con man -- John M. Maki, writer and educator -- Bill Hosokawa and Buddy Uno: Nisei journalists in occupied China -- The hidden contributions of Guyo Tajiri -- The tragic and engaging career of Sam Hohri -- Hisaye Yamamoto and the African-American press -- Mitsuye Endo-plus grand dans son obscuritø? -- Lincoln Seiichi Kanai's act of conscience -- The exclusion of Naomi Nakano -- Koji Ariyoshi, a Hawaiian Nisei in Mao's china -- Sanji Abe and martial law in wartime Hawai'i -- The McCloy memo: new insight into the causes of removal -- Norman Thomas and the defense of Japanese Americans -- Paul Robeson: "your fight is your my fight " -- Alan Cranston and Japanese Americans -- Two wartime governors and mass removal -- Hugh Macbeth, African American defender of Issei and Nisei -- John Franklin Carter: the real-life Lanny Budd -- Masuji Miyakawa, first Issei attorney -- The family behind Oyama v. California -- Regan v. King: when birthright citizenship was last tested -- Yasuo Sasaki, poet, physician and abortion rights pioneer -- Ina Sugihara, interracial activist -- Mervyn Dymally: unsung hero of Japanese American redress -- Setsuko M. Nishi, a life of service -- Arthur Matsu, first Japanese American in the National Football League -- Nisei in pro basketball: Wat Misaka and Dr. Yanagi -- Early Japanese Americans in organized baseball -- The Jacl and the integration of the American Bowling Congress -- Jun Fujita, poet and photographer -- Robert Kuwahara, cartoonist -- The double life of Conrad Yama -- Reiko Sato, actress -- The unknown life and art of Minø Okubo -- Gyo Fujikawa, artist and author -- Shinkichi Tajiri, sculptor -- Kiyoshi Kuromiya: a queer activist for civil rights -- Sexuality from Issei to Nisei -- The rise of homophobia in Japanese American Communities -- The rise of homophobia, part II -- Hawaii 1986: the shift to equal rights -- The Jacl's historic marriage resolution -- Japanese Americans in Louisiana -- Japanese Americans in prewar Chicago -- Japanese Americans and the death penalty -- The other side of the Hood River story -- S.I. Hayakawa, jazz specialist and civil rights supporter -- Anne Reeploeg Fisher and Morton Grodzins: the censorship of confinement -- Gordon Hirabayashi's surprising postwar career
Tule Lake Camp group photograph
No full textAppears to be group photograph of internal security officers at Tule Lake Camp. Photograph includes Willard Schmidt, Chief of Internal Security at Tule Lake Camp. Includes list of members in photograph.
Names from left to right:
Seventh Row:
Okino, Y., Kato, J., Taniguchi, S., Yoshihara, D., Asada, E., Yamakawa, M., Yoshihara, G., Iwawaki, H., Yokoyama, K., Horimoto, H., Imada, F., Horio, H., Nomura, T., Okabata, K., Fuki, N., Matsunag, H., Uchinaka, K., Tagumi, G., Suyetsugu, T.
Sixth Row:
Shimamaura, H., Murakami, K., Ono, K., Hatakeyama, F., Maruyama, K., Yoshino, Z., Kozaiku, Okada, N., Maeda, E., Morimoto, S., Tanake, K., Noyori, S., Matsui, H., Nekomoto, T., Yoshida, T., Munemoto, S., Kodamak, K., Nagatsuyu H.,
Fifth Row:
Back of Wiyoshi, S.
Kanda, S., Kumasaka, T., Nakahara, B., Yasudia, T., Enomoto, M., Oda, S., Sakata, I., Yunouye, Y., Naito, J., Takeuchi, K., Tsujimoto, T., Mukai, G., Kinoshita, T., Yamamoto, M., Hanagata, K.,
Fourth Row:
Iahihara, T., Shimoji, M., Ikeda, Y., Haruyana, M., Imeda, T., Mihoshi, S., Terada, K., Nekamoto, Itow, G., Fukumitsu, M., Hori, H., Ogata, T., Nagai, T., Mizuhata, T., Yabitsu, Y., Sekiguohi, K., Okato, W., Morita, T., Kotani, G., Tsuda, S.
Third Row:
Yamashiro, E., Isari, H., Moriya, H., Matsushima, M., Kawahata, G., Takshashi, T., Shimokon, M., Kaneko, C., Nishimura, M., Aoyama, D., Kewahata, S., Yamamoto, S., Uyeno, S., Tekawa, M., Yamada, S.,
Back of Yamashiro: Hamatani, K., Kusumoto, J., Kataoka, H., Okusako, T.
Second Row:
Oshimo, J., Takao, Y., Borbeck, E., Tembara, Y., Maeda, H., Schimidt, W., Jacoby, H., Kono, Y., Miyao, M., Cole, D., Tamiyasu, T., Miyamoto, T., Kondo, W., Yasui, Y., Kakugawa, L.
First Row:
Ono, C., Fujihara, K., Okamoto, H., Takatsuka, Y., Chihara, T., Adachi, S., Masuoka, N., Oda, Y., Kitaguchi, K., Tahara, S., Yamasaki, S., Shigihara, H., Kajikawa, Y., Akiyama, G.The Willard Schmidt collection, documents some of the administrative duties of Willard Schmidt, the Chief of Internal Security for the War Relocation Authority and the Tule Lake incarceration/segregation camp. This collection contains administrative records and photos documenting the Tule Lake camp, the largest incarceration camp with a peak population of 18,789 and with the most turbulent history. In 1943, the camp was turned into a segregation center to house "disloyal" Japanese Americans relocated from other camps based on their answers to a confusing loyalty questionnaire. The camp endured martial law from November 1943- Jan 1944 after escalating protests and unrest. The hostile environment of the camp lead to many incarcerees renouncing their American citizenship upon the end of incarceration, a process which took 14 years to reverse if they did not wish to be deported to Japan
ANALISIS MAKNA KANYOUKU (IDIOM) BAHASA JEPANG YANG MENGGUNAKAN KATA IKI (NAPAS)
No full textIdiom dalam bahasa Jepang disebut dengan kanyouku. Kanyouku dalam bahasa Jepang sendiri terbentuk dari berbagai macam unsur, ada yang terbentuk dari indera perasa, anggota tubuh, angka, warna, benda-benda alam, angka, binatang, tumbuhan, dan anggota tubuh. Dalam penelitian kali ini penulis menitik beratkan pada kanyouku yang terbentuk dari kata Iki (Napas). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui makna leksikal dan makna idiomatikal dari kanyouku yang mengandung kata Iki serta mencari tahu majas apakah yang terkandung dalam makna idiomatikal dari kanyouku yang menggunakan kata Iki. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat 12 kanyouku yang menggunakan kata Iki. Dan beberapa kanyouku memiliki perbedaan antara makna leksikal dan makna idiomatikalnya. Terdapat hubungan antara makna idiomatikal pada kanyouku Iki yang ditunjukkan dengan 4 majas Metafora yaitu息が合う(iki ga au), 息が詰まる(iki ga tsumaru),息を入れる (iki wo ireru)、dan息を潜める(iki wo hisomeru) . 4 majas Metonimi yaitu息が切れる (iki ga kireru)、息が掛かる(iki ga kakaru)、息が長い (iki ga nagai)、dan 息を継ぐ(iki wo tsugu). Dan terakhir 4 majas termasuk kedalam Sinekdoke yaitu息が通う(Iki ga kayou)、息を凝らす (iki wo korasu)、息を吹き返す(iki wo fuki kaesu)、dan 息を吐く(iki wo tsuku). ;--- In Japanese, idioms are called “kanyouku”, are build from a lot of word such as sense, body part, numeral, colour, nature thing, animal and plant. In this study author will analize about Japanese idiom are build from Iki (breath) word. Main goal of this study are for deliberating about lexical means, idiomatic meaning from Japanese idioms and find out what figure of speech is contained in idiomatical meaning from kanyouku that is using Iki (breath). The result of this study there’s 12 idioms wich is using Iki (breath) word. And wich of the 12 idioms have a different lexical meaning and idiomatical meaning. There are 4 kanyouku wich belong to Metaphor 息が合う(iki ga au), 息が詰まる(iki ga tsumaru), 息を入れる (iki wo ireru)、and息を潜める(iki wo hisomeru). And there is 4 kanyouku wich belong to Metonymy is息が切れる (iki ga kireru)、息が掛かる(iki ga kakaru)、息が長い (iki ga nagai). And the last there is 4 kanyouku wich belong to Sinekdoke, there is 息が通う(Iki ga kayou)、息を凝らす (iki wo korasu)、息を吹き返す(iki wo fuki kaesu)、and息を吐く(iki wo tsuku)
