31 research outputs found
Coping with Integrated Reporting: An Overview of Financial and Social Reporting Using the Integrated Approach
No full textIntegrated reporting in its current form has been part of corporate reporting for nearly one decade. As implied above, this is another welcomed development in corporate social responsibility. Having said this, a number of interesting questions which our readers might want to ask have come to our minds, let’s put forward some of them. Are we now the less or more wiser since these better reporting practices came on to the global corporate scene? What does integrated reporting really entails? How are CSR scholars and practitioners taking forward the requirements of integrated reporting around the globe? What are those corporations which have adopted the use of integrated reporting saying about it? What can we learn from organizations that have pioneered the integrated report? How does the integrated reporting process influence the corporate business model and enhance the quality of disclosure? How is non-financial information assured in the context of the Framework? What are stakehoders saying about integrated reporting? The intention of the book was to add to the discourse on Integrated Reporting by exploring different aspects and perspectives on Integrating Reporting and integrated report based on the authors’ critical perspectives, knowledge, expertise and ideas, both from fully theoretical and empirical approaches. Accordingly, these and many other relevant questions are amongst the questions many of the seventen chapters of this book provide answers to.
The seventeen chapter book is divided into three parts, each part focusing of different issues relating to integrated reporting. Part I on Theoretical Insights and Outlooks on Integrated Reporting, is made up of four Chapters. Part II on Critical Perspectives on Integrated Reporting in Theory and Practice is in eight chapters. Part III on Implementing Integrated Reporting in Different Countries and Organisations: Issues, Benefits and Challenges contains five Chapters. A careful read through of all the issues explored in this introductory chapter to each of the seventeen chapters that comprise this book should hopefully reveal that Integrated Reporting is reshaping corporate disclosure practices worldwide, integrated reporting has indeed come to stay in our corporate reporting world. Companies operating in different political settings around the globe are engaging themselves in a number of activities to improve their disclosure practices with regard to both their financial and non-financial areas of their operations. Professor Judge Mervyn King the author of King III and IV Reports in South Africa has drastically reshaped how corporate entities of this era perceive, understand and go about doing what the should do in this regard. Stock Exchanges and Standard setting organizations worldwide are also driving forward activities on how companies should deal with the matter. We can only become the wiser as we move forward in reporting both financial and non-financial aspects of the organisation, readers of these reports can only find them more useful in their working day
C6H5NH2 effect on the corrosion inhibition of aluminium in 0.5 M HCl
No full textIn this paper, C6H6NH2 (aniline) effect on the corrosion of aluminium in 0.5 M (i.e. mol/L) HCl medium was studied using gravimetric method by weight loss measurements and electrochemical technique of corrosion potential and potentiodynamic polarization by cyclic voltamery (CV) instrumentation. By these techniques, corrosion rate obtained from aluminium specimens, in 0.5 HCl test-solution having different concentrations of the hydrogen-containing C6H6NH2 chemical, were requisitely analysed. Results showed that the potentiodynamic corrosion rate excellently correlated (R = 98.94%, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency = 97.89% and ANOVA p-value = 0.0314) with function of the gravimetric corrosion rate and C6H5NH2 concentration. Both experimental and correlated prediction models identified 0.043 mol/L C6H5NH2 with optimal inhibition efficiency performance η = 84.11% by the experimental or η = 81.15% by the predicted models. Fittings of experimental and correlated data showed the data models followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm from which favourable adsorption and prevalent physisorption were indicated as the C6H5NH2 corrosion-protection on aluminium metal in the 0.5 M HCl medium
Rautapitoisen fayaliittikuonan alkaliaktivointi : Tuoreet, kovettuneet ja kestävyysominaisuudet
No full textAbstractFayalite slag (FS) is an Fe-rich by-product generated during non-ferrous metallurgy refining processes. Currently, the annual global production of FS is 58 million tons, and this is likely to increase soon due to the increasing demand for non-ferrous metals for varied applications. Regrettably, only a small fraction of FS is utilized in low value applications with most of it ending up in landfills. The aim of this thesis is to fully utilize FS as precursor for alkali-activated materials (AAMs). AAMs are alternative cementitious materials that could provide environmental benefits compared to Portland cement concrete.Although FS contains a large amount of iron (>50%) and low amounts of calcium, aluminium, and amorphous material compared to blast furnace slag, which is a commonly used AAM precursor, the results of this thesis show that this low reactive material can be used as a sole precursor (aggregate and binder source) for AAMs. Furthermore, the mineralogical investigation of different particle size fractions of FS revealed a variation in the amorphous content. Fine fractions of FS had a higher amorphous content, and this resulted in higher reactivity and better mechanical and microstructural properties compared to the coarse fractions of FS.AAMs containing FS as an aggregate and binder had superior mechanical and microstructural properties compared to those containing standard sand as aggregates. Further optimization of the particle size distribution and elevated temperature curing improved the properties of FS-based AAMs. To avoid the use of curing at elevated temperatures, the incorporation of co-binders into the FS matrix was investigated as a means to improve the properties of FS-based AAMs at an ambient temperature and facilitate their practical application. The incorporation of co-binders significantly modified the gels formed and improved the fresh, hardened and durability properties of FS-based AAMs when exposed to different aggressive environmental conditions and high temperature. The outcome of this thesis work can provide detailed information on the full utilization of FS with high potential for construction applications.Original papersOriginal papers are not included in the electronic version of the dissertation.Adediran, A., Yliniemi, J., & Illikainen, M. (2021). Development of sustainable alkali-activated mortars using Fe-rich fayalitic slag as the sole solid precursor. Frontiers in Built Environment, 7, 653466. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2021.653466Self-archived versionAdediran, A., Yliniemi, J., Lemougna, P. N., Perumal, P., & Illikainen, M. (2023). Recycling high volume Fe-rich fayalite slag in blended alkali-activated materials: Effect of ladle and blast furnace slags on the fresh and hardened state properties. Journal of Building Engineering, 63, 105436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2022.105436Self-archived versionAdediran, A., Yliniemi, J., Carvelli, V., Adesanya, E., & Illikainen, M. (2022). Durability of alkali-activated Fe-rich fayalite slag-based mortars subjected to different environmental conditions. Cement and Concrete Research, 162, 106984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2022.106984Self-archived versionAdediran, A., Yliniemi, J., Moukannaa, S., Ramteke, D. D., Perumal, P., & Illikainen, M. (2023). Enhancing the thermal stability of alkali-activated Fe-rich fayalite slag-based mortars by incorporating ladle and blast furnace slags: Physical, mechanical and structural changes. Cement and Concrete Research, 166, 107098. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2023.107098Self-archived versionAdediran, A., Yliniemi, J., & Illikainen, M. (2021). Mineralogy and glass content of Fe‐rich fayalite slag size fractions and their effect on alkali activation and leaching of heavy metals. International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science, 3(6), 287–300. https://doi.org/10.1002/ces2.10107Self-archived versionTiivistelmäFayaliittikuona on ei-rautametallien jalostusprosesseissa syntyvä rautapitoinen sivutuote. Tällä hetkellä fayaliittikuonaa tuotetaan maailmanlaajuisesti 58 miljoonaa tonnia, ja määrän odotetaan kasvavan ei-rautametallien kysynnän lisääntyessä erilaisissa sovelluksissa. Vain pieni osuus fayaliittikuonasta pystytään hyödyntämään vähäarvoisissa sovelluksissa suurimman osan päätyessä kaatopaikoille. Tämän väitöskirjan tavoitteena on hyödyntää fayaliittikuonaa kokonaisvaltaisesti alkaliaktivoitujen materiaalien (AAM) raaka-aineena. AAM:t ovat vaihtoehtoisia sementtipohjaisia materiaaleja, jotka voivat tarjota ympäristöhyötyjä portlandsementtibetoniin verrattuna.Fayaliittikuona sisältää suuren määrän rautaa (>50 %) ja vähän kalsiumia, alumiinia sekä amorfista ainetta verrattuna masuunikuonaan, joka on yleisesti käytetty AAM:ien raaka-aine. Tämän väitöskirjatyön tulokset kuitenkin osoittavat, että tätä matalareaktiivista fayaliittikuonaa voidaan käyttää sekä aggregaattina että sideaineena AAM-laasteissa. Lisäksi fayaliittikuonan eri kokojakeiden mineraloginen tutkimus paljasti vaihtelua amorfisessa aineen määrässä. Pienien fayaliittikuonapartikkelien amorfinen pitoisuus oli korkeampi kuin isojen partikkelien, mikä johti pienen kokojakauman korkeampaan reaktiivisuuteen sekä sideaineen parempiin mekaanisiin ja mikrorakenteellisiin ominaisuuksiin. Fayaliittikuona sisältää suuren määrän rautaa (>50 %) ja vähän kalsiumia, alumiinia sekä amorfista ainetta verrattuna masuunikuonaan, joka on yleisesti käytetty AAM:ien raaka-aine. Tämän väitöskirjatyön tulokset kuitenkin osoittavat, että tätä matalareaktiivista fayaliittikuonaa voidaan käyttää sekä aggregaattina että sideaineena AAM-laasteissa. Lisäksi fayaliittikuonan eri kokojakeiden mineraloginen tutkimus paljasti vaihtelua amorfisessa aineen määrässä. Pienien fayaliittikuonapartikkelien amorfinen pitoisuus oli korkeampi kuin isojen partikkelien, mikä johti pienen kokojakauman korkeampaan reaktiivisuuteen sekä sideaineen parempiin mekaanisiin ja mikrorakenteellisiin ominaisuuksiin.Fayaliittikuonaa aggregaattina ja sideaineena sisältävillä laasteilla oli ylivoimaiset mekaaniset ja mikrorakenteelliset ominaisuudet verrattuna laasteihin, jotka sisälsivät aggregaattina tavallista hiekkaa. Lisäksi partikkelikokojakauman optimointi ja kovettaminen korkeassa lämpötilassa paransivat laastien mekaanisia ominaisuuksia. Korkeassa lämpötilassa kovettamista pyrittiin välttämään tutkimalla, voitaisiinko fayaliittikuonapohjaisten laastien kovettumista parantaa lisäämällä rinnakkaissideaineita. Seosaineiden käyttö muutti merkittävästi muodostuneita sideainegeelejä ja paransi laastien tuoreita, kovettuneita ja kestävyysominaisuuksia, kun ne altistettiin erilaisille aggressiivisille ympäristöolosuhteille ja korkeille lämpötiloille. Tämän väitöskirjatyön tulokset tarjoavat yksityiskohtaista tietoa fayaliittikuonan kokonaisvaltaisesta hyödyntämisestä ja sen mahdollisuuksista rakentamisen eri sovelluksissa.OsajulkaisutOsajulkaisut eivät sisälly väitöskirjan elektroniseen versioon.Adediran, A., Yliniemi, J., & Illikainen, M. (2021). Development of sustainable alkali-activated mortars using Fe-rich fayalitic slag as the sole solid precursor. Frontiers in Built Environment, 7, 653466. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2021.653466Rinnakkaistallennettu versioAdediran, A., Yliniemi, J., Lemougna, P. N., Perumal, P., & Illikainen, M. (2023). Recycling high volume Fe-rich fayalite slag in blended alkali-activated materials: Effect of ladle and blast furnace slags on the fresh and hardened state properties. Journal of Building Engineering, 63, 105436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2022.105436Rinnakkaistallennettu versioAdediran, A., Yliniemi, J., Carvelli, V., Adesanya, E., & Illikainen, M. (2022). Durability of alkali-activated Fe-rich fayalite slag-based mortars subjected to different environmental conditions. Cement and Concrete Research, 162, 106984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2022.106984Rinnakkaistallennettu versioAdediran, A., Yliniemi, J., Moukannaa, S., Ramteke, D. D., Perumal, P., & Illikainen, M. (2023). Enhancing the thermal stability of alkali-activated Fe-rich fayalite slag-based mortars by incorporating ladle and blast furnace slags: Physical, mechanical and structural changes. Cement and Concrete Research, 166, 107098. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2023.107098Rinnakkaistallennettu versioAdediran, A., Yliniemi, J., & Illikainen, M. (2021). Mineralogy and glass content of Fe‐rich fayalite slag size fractions and their effect on alkali activation and leaching of heavy metals. International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science, 3(6), 287–300. https://doi.org/10.1002/ces2.10107Rinnakkaistallennettu versioAcademic dissertation to be presented, with the assent of the Doctoral Programme Committee of Technology and Natural Sciences of the University of Oulu, for public defence in the Oulun Puhelin auditorium (L5), Linnanmaa, on 16 June 2023, at 12 noonAbstract
Fayalite slag (FS) is an Fe-rich by-product generated during non-ferrous metallurgy refining processes. Currently, the annual global production of FS is 58 million tons, and this is likely to increase soon due to the increasing demand for non-ferrous metals for varied applications. Regrettably, only a small fraction of FS is utilized in low value applications with most of it ending up in landfills. The aim of this thesis is to fully utilize FS as precursor for alkali-activated materials (AAMs). AAMs are alternative cementitious materials that could provide environmental benefits compared to Portland cement concrete.
Although FS contains a large amount of iron (>50%) and low amounts of calcium, aluminium, and amorphous material compared to blast furnace slag, which is a commonly used AAM precursor, the results of this thesis show that this low reactive material can be used as a sole precursor (aggregate and binder source) for AAMs. Furthermore, the mineralogical investigation of different particle size fractions of FS revealed a variation in the amorphous content. Fine fractions of FS had a higher amorphous content, and this resulted in higher reactivity and better mechanical and microstructural properties compared to the coarse fractions of FS.
AAMs containing FS as an aggregate and binder had superior mechanical and microstructural properties compared to those containing standard sand as aggregates. Further optimization of the particle size distribution and elevated temperature curing improved the properties of FS-based AAMs. To avoid the use of curing at elevated temperatures, the incorporation of co-binders into the FS matrix was investigated as a means to improve the properties of FS-based AAMs at an ambient temperature and facilitate their practical application. The incorporation of co-binders significantly modified the gels formed and improved the fresh, hardened and durability properties of FS-based AAMs when exposed to different aggressive environmental conditions and high temperature. The outcome of this thesis work can provide detailed information on the full utilization of FS with high potential for construction applications.Tiivistelmä
Fayaliittikuona on ei-rautametallien jalostusprosesseissa syntyvä rautapitoinen sivutuote. Tällä hetkellä fayaliittikuonaa tuotetaan maailmanlaajuisesti 58 miljoonaa tonnia, ja määrän odotetaan kasvavan ei-rautametallien kysynnän lisääntyessä erilaisissa sovelluksissa. Vain pieni osuus fayaliittikuonasta pystytään hyödyntämään vähäarvoisissa sovelluksissa suurimman osan päätyessä kaatopaikoille. Tämän väitöskirjan tavoitteena on hyödyntää fayaliittikuonaa kokonaisvaltaisesti alkaliaktivoitujen materiaalien (AAM) raaka-aineena. AAM:t ovat vaihtoehtoisia sementtipohjaisia materiaaleja, jotka voivat tarjota ympäristöhyötyjä portlandsementtibetoniin verrattuna.
Fayaliittikuona sisältää suuren määrän rautaa (>50 %) ja vähän kalsiumia, alumiinia sekä amorfista ainetta verrattuna masuunikuonaan, joka on yleisesti käytetty AAM:ien raaka-aine. Tämän väitöskirjatyön tulokset kuitenkin osoittavat, että tätä matalareaktiivista fayaliittikuonaa voidaan käyttää sekä aggregaattina että sideaineena AAM-laasteissa. Lisäksi fayaliittikuonan eri kokojakeiden mineraloginen tutkimus paljasti vaihtelua amorfisessa aineen määrässä. Pienien fayaliittikuonapartikkelien amorfinen pitoisuus oli korkeampi kuin isojen partikkelien, mikä johti pienen kokojakauman korkeampaan reaktiivisuuteen sekä sideaineen parempiin mekaanisiin ja mikrorakenteellisiin ominaisuuksiin. Fayaliittikuona sisältää suuren määrän rautaa (>50 %) ja vähän kalsiumia, alumiinia sekä amorfista ainetta verrattuna masuunikuonaan, joka on yleisesti käytetty AAM:ien raaka-aine. Tämän väitöskirjatyön tulokset kuitenkin osoittavat, että tätä matalareaktiivista fayaliittikuonaa voidaan käyttää sekä aggregaattina että sideaineena AAM-laasteissa. Lisäksi fayaliittikuonan eri kokojakeiden mineraloginen tutkimus paljasti vaihtelua amorfisessa aineen määrässä. Pienien fayaliittikuonapartikkelien amorfinen pitoisuus oli korkeampi kuin isojen partikkelien, mikä johti pienen kokojakauman korkeampaan reaktiivisuuteen sekä sideaineen parempiin mekaanisiin ja mikrorakenteellisiin ominaisuuksiin.
Fayaliittikuonaa aggregaattina ja sideaineena sisältävillä laasteilla oli ylivoimaiset mekaaniset ja mikrorakenteelliset ominaisuudet verrattuna laasteihin, jotka sisälsivät aggregaattina tavallista hiekkaa. Lisäksi partikkelikokojakauman optimointi ja kovettaminen korkeassa lämpötilassa paransivat laastien mekaanisia ominaisuuksia. Korkeassa lämpötilassa kovettamista pyrittiin välttämään tutkimalla, voitaisiinko fayaliittikuonapohjaisten laastien kovettumista parantaa lisäämällä rinnakkaissideaineita. Seosaineiden käyttö muutti merkittävästi muodostuneita sideainegeelejä ja paransi laastien tuoreita, kovettuneita ja kestävyysominaisuuksia, kun ne altistettiin erilaisille aggressiivisille ympäristöolosuhteille ja korkeille lämpötiloille. Tämän väitöskirjatyön tulokset tarjoavat yksityiskohtaista tietoa fayaliittikuonan kokonaisvaltaisesta hyödyntämisestä ja sen mahdollisuuksista rakentamisen eri sovelluksissa
EFFECTS OF MONETARY AND FISCAL POLICY ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA: AN ANALYSIS
No full textMonetary and fiscal policy instruments administered by the CBN and Federal government, respectively, hold significant influence over crucial the Nigerian economy. The study examined the effects of monetary and fiscal policy on economic growth in Nigeria from 1986 to 2020. Stationarity tests were conducted using the Augmented Dickey Fuller test and the Phillips perron test. As the variables showed mixed integration order, the ARDL Bounds Co-integration test checked for long-run relationships among the variables. The Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) was employed to estimate the model. The findings revealed both short run and long relationship between monetary and fiscal policy variables on economic growth in Nigeria. Majorly, government revenue has a negative effect on economic growth while expenditure boosts the economy in the short and long run. External debt slows down the economy in the long run, usually due to debt financing. Interest rate was positively associated with economic growth, but money supply tends to hurt the economy. The study recommends that the CBN and the federal government should collaborate more closely and synchronize their policy objectives. Second, the Budget Office of the Federation (BOF) and the Ministry of Finance should ensure that more funds are directed towards capital projects and social infrastructure. Already, external debts slow down the economy as observed in the results of this study. The Debt Management Office (DMO) should explore sustainable debt management strategies that will drive the implication that the extra funds used to service unnecessary debts are used for more productive economic activities
Determining the Ideal Temperature and Fermentation Duration to Enhance Crude Protein Content and Reduce Crude Fiber in Rice Bran Using Solid-State Fermentation with Aspergillus niger (USM F4)
No full textSolid-state fermentation (SSF) offers a sustainable method for enhancing the nutritional quality of agricultural
residues such as red rice bran. This study aimed to determine the optimal temperature and duration for SSF of red rice bran, focusing specifically on increasing the crude protein (CP) content and reducing the crude fiber (CF)
content. SFF of rice bran with Aspergillus niger (A. niger) USM F4 was conducted over 14 consecutive days at three
different temperatures (25°C, 35°C, and 45°C). A total of 63 samples of rice bran were divided into three temperature groups, each containing 21 samples. Three samples per group were collected at 48-hour intervals over the 14-day fermentation period. The fermentation process for the collected samples at 48-hour intervals was halted by oven drying at 60°C for 24 hours. The fermented products were subjected to proximate analysis for crude protein (CP), ash, ether extract (EE), and crude fiber (CF) contents using the methods outlined by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). The results revealed a significant effect of temperature and fermentation duration on CP, ash, EE, and CF content when compared to the unfermented rice bran kept at room temperature (25oC). The peak values of CP and the highest degradation of CF across all temperature levels were observed on day 10 while the maximum increase in ash and EE content occurred on day 8. Among the temperature conditions, the highest CP values and the lowest CF values were recorded at 35°C. Conversely, the lowest improvements in CP and CF
degradation were observed at 25°C on day 10. In conclusion, the optimal conditions for SSF of rice bran with A. niger to enhance CP content and degrade CF are a temperature of 35°C and a fermentation duration of 10 days
Deep learning–enhanced prediction of microstructure and porosity evolution in additive-manufactured membrane coatings for harsh environments
No full text© The Author(s) 2025.The version of record of this article, first published in [International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology], is available online at Publisher’s website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-025-17226-8This study investigates the capability of additive manufacturing (AM) to produce thick coatings functioning as multifunctional membranes with enhanced barrier, transport, and mechanical properties for harsh operating environments. The primary objective was to evaluate how deposition technique and microstructural optimisation influence porosity, diffusion resistance, corrosion protection, and thermal stability. A combined methodology was implemented, integrating experimental testing of laser cladding, thermal spraying, and direct energy deposition (DED) with mathematical models for permeability, diffusion, and thermal conductivity. Laser cladding demonstrated the densest structures, achieving porosity levels below 2% and reducing gas permeability to 1.2 × 10⁻¹⁵ m², nearly an order of magnitude lower than thermal spraying (1.1 × 10⁻¹⁴ m²). Corrosion testing showed nickel-based cladded coatings reached rates as low as 0.0025 mm/year, representing a 90% reduction compared to uncoated substrates (0.026 mm/year). Thermal barrier evaluation of YSZ coatings indicated a conductivity of 0.95 W/m·K at 1200 °C, corresponding to a 38% reduction in heat flux across 1.2 mm-thick layers. Ultrasonic spray post-treatment reduced surface roughness by up to 55% and biofilm accumulation by nearly half. Error analysis confirmed deviations within ± 6%. These results confirm that AM thick coatings function as functional membranes, offering selective transport regulation, structural durability, and sustainability across the aerospace, energy, and marine sectors.unfunde
Security Actors, Agency Politics and Economic Implications of Multiple Security Checkpoints Along Nigeria-Benin Borders
No full textEmanating from the borders between Nigeria and the Republic of Benin in the regional security complex of West Africa there are criminal activities that pose serious implications for the Nigerian state. The persistence of transnational organised crimes on this corridor despite the presence of the Nigeria Customs Service, Nigeria Immigration Service and other specialised security agencies established by Nigeria to completely eradicate or minimise cross-border crimes makes the study of agency politics of multiple checkpoints in the Nigeria-Benin border communities imperative. The study, utilising agency theory adopts a qualitative research design with the aid of primary and secondary source of data to examine the multiplicity of security actors (and their checkpoints); and investigate the rationale for and impact of multiple checkpoints for border security. The study argues that the multiplicity of security actors and checkpoints intended to ensure effective border security have become spaces for bribery and corruption, negotiation, bargaining and compromise. The study concludes that the multiple checkpoints are laced and shaped by the politics of the different security agencies mounting checkpoints along the Nigeria-Benin border and while these checkpoints have played pivotal roles in intercepting trans-border criminals, they are also “cheque-points” of corrupt interactions between the security actors and transporters. It is on this note that the study recommends that the Nigerian government should provide a holistic security framework that would ensure that the purpose of multiple security checks along Nigeria-Benin borders are achieved with a minimal or total eradication of an unprofessional interface between security, criminal, and non-criminal actors.En las fronteras entre Nigeria y la República de Benín, en el complejo de seguridad regional de África Occidental, existen actividades delictivas que plantean graves implicaciones para el Estado nigeriano. La persistencia de la delincuencia organizada transnacional en este corredor, a pesar de la presencia del Servicio de Aduanas, el Servicio de Inmigración y otras agencias de seguridad especializadas establecidas por Nigeria para erradicar por completo o minimizar los delitos transfronterizos, hace imperativo el estudio de la política de agencia de los múltiples puestos de control en las comunidades fronterizas entre Nigeria y Benín. El estudio, que utiliza la teoría de la agencia, adopta la investigación cualitativa con la ayuda de fuentes de datos primarias y secundarias para examinar la multiplicidad de agentes de seguridad (y sus puestos de control) e investigar la justificación y el impacto de los múltiples puestos de control para la seguridad fronteriza. El estudio sostiene que la multiplicidad de agentes de seguridad y puestos de control destinados a garantizar una seguridad fronteriza eficaz se han convertido en espacios para el soborno y la corrupción, la negociación, el regateo y el compromiso. El estudio concluye que estos puestos de control están interrelacionados y moldeados por la política de los organismos de seguridad que montan puestos de control a lo largo de la frontera entre Nigeria y Benín y, aunque estos han desempeñado un papel fundamental en la interceptación de delincuentes transfronterizos, también son “puntos de control” de interacciones corruptas entre los agentes de seguridad y los transportistas. En este sentido, el estudio recomienda que el gobierno nigeriano proporcione un marco de seguridad holístico que garantice que el propósito de los controles de seguridad a lo largo de las fronteras entre Nigeria y Benín se logre con una erradicación mínima o total de una interfaz poco profesional entre los actores de seguridad, criminales y no criminales
Genome Wide Analysis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Reveal Leukemia Specific Methylome and Subtype Specific Hypomethylation of Repeats
No full textPMCID: PMC3315563This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Discourse Pattern, Contexts and Pragmatic Strategies of Selected Fraud Spam
No full textThe thrust of this paper is the pragmatic investigation of fraud spam, the unwanted emails containing the strategic use of language with the intention to swindle money from the recipients. Sixty (60) English medium email samples were collected from the author of the present paper’s email spam between July 2017 and February 2018 in Nigeria. These were analysed using Halliday and Hasan’s Generic Structure Potential and an aspect of Fetzer’s cognitive context model. The study identified six discourse patterns: salutation, discourse initiation, enticing information, mild conscription into business, request and subscription; orienting to contexts of business and religion; manifesting pragmatic strategies of adversatives, evocation of business idea, evocation of religious affinity and evocation of messianic figure. The study, therefore, concludes that cyber-fraudsters deploy similarly familiar patterns and contexts evincing strategic persuasive language to defraud their prospective victims. Significantly, the study complements existing literature on fraud discourse in linguistic [email protected] Opeyemi Olajimbiti (PhD) teaches in Elizade University, Ilara Mokin, Ondo State. He is a member of English Scholars’ Association of Nigeria (ESAN) and Nigerian Pragmatics Association (NPrA). He specialises in the representation of children in the media. His research interests cover semantics, pragmatics, discourse analysis, sociolinguistics and stylistics.Elizade University, NigeriaBarron, Anne. 2006. Understanding spam: a macro-textual analysis. Journal of Pragmatics 38(6), 880-904.Behnam, Biook, Azabdaftari, Behrooz, Hosseini, Ali. 2011. A critical analysis of financial fraud spam in English in terms of persuasive strategies: personalization, presupposition, and lexical choices. Journal of English Studies: Islamic Azad University, Science & Research Branch 1(4), 15-26.Blommaert, Janson. 2005. Making millions. English, indexicality and fraud. Working Papers in Urban Language & Literacies 29, 1-24.Chiluwa, Innocent. 2009. The discourse of digital deceptions and “419” emails. Discourse Studies 11 (6), 635-660.Chiluwa, Innocent. 2010. The pragmatics of hoax email business proposals. Linguistik Online 43(3), 32-48.Chiluwa, Innocent. 2013. Email fraud. International Encyclopedia of Language and Social Interaction. Wiley Blackwell & International Communication Association (ICA).Dechow, Patricia, M. 2011. Predicting material accounting misstatements. In: Contemporary Accounting Research 28, 17–82.Fadipe-Joseph, Olubunmi, A., Titiloye, Emmanuel, O. 2012. Application of continued fractions in controlling bank fraud, International Journal of Business and Social Science 3(9), 210-213.Fetzer, Anita. 2007. Recontextualising Context. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.Halliday, Michael, A.K., Hasan, Ruqaiya. 1985. Language, Context and Text: Aspects of Language in Social-semiotic Perspective. Oxford: OUP.Heyd, Theresa. 2008. Email Hoaxes. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Hua, Tan, K., Abdollahi-Guilani, Mohammad, Zi, Chen, C. 2017. Linguistic deception of Chinese cyber fraudsters. The Southeast Asian Journal of English Language Studies 23 (3), 108-122.Idowu, Abiola. 2009. An assessment of fraud and its management in Nigeria commercial banks. European Journal of Social Sciences 10(4), 628-640.Kerremans, Koen, K., Tang, Yan, Temmenman, Rita, Zhao, Gang. 2005. Towards ontology-based e-mail fraud detection (August, 2005). http://antiplushing.org/APWGplushingactivityReportAugust2005pdf.Lan, Li. 2002. Email – a challenge to standard English? English Today 16 (4), 23-29.Leap, Terry. 2007. The Dynamics of White-collar Crime Ithaca. NY: Cornell University press.Odebunmi, Akinola. 2007. Explicatures and implicatures in News magazine editorials: the case of the Nigerian Tell. Perspective on media discourse. Rotimi. Taiwo, Akinola. Odebunmi and Akin. Adetunji. (eds.), 84-99.Orasan, Constantin, Krishnamurthy, Ramesh. 2002. A corpus-based investigation of junk mails. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, 29–31 May, Las Palmas, Spain, Retrieved from: http://clg.wlv.ac.uk/papers/orasan-02b.Ong, Walter, J. 1981. Fighting for life: contest, sexuality, and consciousness. Ithaca: Cornell University Press; Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press.Polick M.Y. 2006. What is fraud? available at http://www.wisegeek.com.Runkehl, Jens, Siever, Torsten and Schlobinsk, Peter. 1998. Sprache+und+KomW munikation+im+Internet:+Uberblick+und+Analysen.! Opladen: Westdeutscher! Verlag.Sperber, Dan, Wilson, Deirdre. 1986. Relevance Communication and Cognition. Oxford: Blackwell.Young, Michael, R. 2006. Accounting Irregularities and Financial Fraud: A Corporate Governance Guide. 3rd edition. Chicago: CCH.21 (2/2018)536
Antimalarial potential, LC–MS secondary metabolite profiling and computational studies of <i>Zingiber officinale</i>
No full textMalaria is among the top-ranked parasitic diseases that pose a threat to the existence of the human race. This study evaluated the antimalarial effect of the rhizome of Zingiber officinale in infected mice, performed secondary metabolite profiling and detailed computational antimalarial evaluation through molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and density functional theory methods. The antimalarial potential of Z. officinale was performed using the in vivo chemosuppressive model; secondary metabolite profiling was carried out using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). Molecular docking was performed with Autodock Vina while the MD simulation was performed with Schrodinger desmond suite for 100 ns and DFT calculations with B3LYP (6-31G) basis set. The extract showed 64% parasitaemia suppression, with a dose-dependent increase in activity up to 200 mg/kg. The chemical profiling of the extract tentatively identified eight phytochemicals. The molecular docking studies with plasmepsin II and Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (PfDHFR-TS) identified gingerenone A as the hit molecule, and MMGBSA values corroborate the binding energies obtained. The electronic parameters of gingerenone A revealed its significant antimalarial potential. The antimalarial activity elicited by the extract of Z. officinale and the bioactive chemical constituent supports its usage in ethnomedicine. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma</p
