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<Notes>The Changes and Discussions of Pre-entrance Education in Administrative Documents
No full text第一部 論考I Articles本稿の目的は、行政文書の吟味と整理を通して、入学前教育に対する言及の変遷を明らかにすること、それらを踏まえて入学前教育に対する考察を行うことである。具体的には、『大学入学者選抜実施要項』及びその他行政文書における入学前教育への言及を整理した。その結果、入学前教育の目的や対象者は時期によって異なっていること、特に、2010年代においては文部科学省による実施の要請が強まっていることが示された。また、入学前教育は、1990年代半ばから、入学者の履修歴等を背景とした補習教育と、AO入試を経た合格者に対する学習動機の維持を促す教育を中心に生じたことが明らかとなった。これらを踏まえて、入学前教育は初年次教育・リメディアル教育とは異なる独立した教育概念であること、今後、各大学は自大学の実情を把握した上で、目的・対象者・内容等を設定し、入学前教育を展開することが求められることを指摘した。The purpose of this paper is to clarify the changes in the references to pre-entrance education through the examination and classification of administrative documents, and to discuss pre-entrance education based on these changes. Specifically, I classified the references to pre-entrance education in the “Guidelines for the Selection of University Students” and other administrative documents. As a result, it was shown that the purpose and the target of pre-entrance education differed from period to period. Especially in the 2010s, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) increasingly requested that universities should provide pre-entrance education. In addition, it became clear that pre-entrance education has emerged since the mid-1990s mainly as a supplementary education based on students' course history and as an education to maintain the study motivation for those who passed the AO examination. Based on these findings, I pointed out that pre-entrance education is an independent educational concept, different from first-year education and remedial education, and that in the future each university will be required to develop pre-entrance education by setting its own objectives, target groups and contents, based on an understanding of the actual situation at their own university
Necessity of Describing Relations between High School and University from the Perspective of Students
No full text過去30年の高大接続の議論・政策に鑑みれば、現在、制度的には高大接続が間断なく可能になった。その上で本論文では、高校と大学の関係性をめぐる議論への新たな視点の提示を試みた。具体的には、高校と大学の関係性に関する先行研究や欧米における高等教育への移行研究の変遷を概観し「高校から大学への移行に際して困難を伴う学生の存在」及び「異質性を前提とした高校と大学の関係性」に批判的な視座を持つべきという示唆を得た。その上で、本論文では当事者の視点がもたらす必要性、及び、その視点への理解を促す学術的スタンスとしての現象学の重要性を示した。具体的には、研究者自身が内面を開示しながら、高校生・大学生の当事者視点を理解し、彼らの経験の意味・意義に迫り、本質観取を行う手法とその問いを例示した。この手法を用いて、「高校と大学の関係性」を帰納的かつ批判的に検討することが、本稿の議論を踏まえた筆者の次のステップとなる。Based on discussions and policies over the past 30 years, it is now systematically possible to smoothly connect high school and university. This paper presents a new perspective to discuss the relationship between high school and university. Specifically, through a review of previous research regarding to the relationship between high school and university in Japan and transition into higher education in an international context, it was suggested that a critical perspective should be taken on “the existence of students with difficulties when transitioning from high school to university” and “the relationship between high school and university based on heterogeneity”. The necessity of the perspective of the people involved (students) and the importance of phenomenology as an academic stance that promotes understanding of that perspective were also demonstrated. Specifically, the method and questions for approaching the meaning and significance of their lived experiences and attempting to grasp their essential nature were illustrated, by having the researchers themselves disclose their inner thoughts and understanding the students' perspectives. The next step is to use this method to critically and inductively consider the relationship between high school and university
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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