1,721,129 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Prevention and Treatment of Organ Failure : Implications Immunotherapy
No full textIn 1992, the concept systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) was advocated. This term indicates a pathological condition that arises from the systemic inflammatory response to various types of stress. Clinically, SIRS can lead to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and multiple organ failure (MOF). When SIRS persists it is complicated by infection, bleeding, and shock, which lead to progression in severity. It then gives rise to organ dysfunction, which is followed by organ failure. Thus, SIRS progresses to MODS and then to MOF, so there is a sequence of events (SIRS-MODS-MOF). Accordingly, the first goal of treatment for this syndrome is prevention of development from SIRS to MODS and MOF. To achieve this goal, multidisciplinary therapy involving a variety of approaches is required. Immunotherapy with anti-cytokine agents is currently the most promising method, but it is not clinically available yet. The use of BRMs to treat SIRS may prevent host immunosuppression resulting from stress, and may be particularly useful in immunocompromised hosts and cancer patients
Expression of COX-2 in Gastrointestinal Cancer: As a Target for Cancer Prevention and Therapy (3) : Esophageal Cancer and COX-2
No full textCyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) derived prostaglandin (PG) E_2 is concerned with multiplication of intestinal cancer, in particular colorectal cancer, and has attracted attention as a preventive or therapeutic target of cancer. In the esophagus, COX-2 overexpression is reported in Barrett's epithelium, esophageal adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. It has been suggested that patients with high COX-2 expression have poor prognosis. In squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, COX-2 expression is detected in the stage of dysplasia, and its expression is accompanied by enhanced proliferation activity and accumulation of p53. Compared with adenocarcinoma, however there is little correlation with clinicopathological factors. In a duodeno-gastric reflux rat model, COX-2 inhibitor can control the generation of cancer without inhibition of Barrett's esophagus. In a chemical carcinogenesis model, there are two conflicting reports about the effect of COX-2 inhibitor on the incidence and size of tumor. Since in vitro studies have shown that COX-2 inhibitor can block the proliferation of Barrett's derived cells and squamous carcinoma derived cells, COX-2 inhibitor is expected to have a preventive or therapeutic effect. Based on the results of clinical use of COX-2 inhibitor, its potential as cancer revention in patients with reflux esophagitis or Barrett's esophagus and as neoadjuvant therapy before surgery for esophageal cancer is suggested
Expression of COX-2 in Gastrointestinal Cancer : As a Target for Cancer Prevention and Therapy (1)
No full textProstaglandin (PG) E_2 plays a key role in colon carcinogenesis. Evidence continues to accumulate that cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, an inducible COX isoform, represents a potential pharmacological target for the prevention and treatment of cancer, including tumors affecting the large bowel. Several mechanisms of COX-2-related tumor promotion have been identified. Some (such as induction of cell proliferation, angiogenesis or local immunosuppression, inhibition of apoptosis, increase in cell motility) are dependent on PGE_2 production. COX-2 expression has been demonstrated in the epithelial cells of colorectal cancers and adenomas. Studies in experimental models of colon carcinogenesis show that selective COX-1 or COX-2 inhibitors reduce tumor formation and growth. Clinical studies have been initiated to determine the chemo-preventive effects of selective COX-2 inhibitors in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. However, meta-analysis has revealed that COX-2 inhibitors can actuate cardiovascular events. Therefore, the possibility of cardiovascular effects will need to be taken into account in assessing the potential ability of any of these drugs to prevent neoplasia in the large bowel. Since PGE_2 was involved in most events related to carcinogenesis, further examinations focusing on microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1), which is a catalyst in PGE_2 production, EP receptors, the receptors for PGE_2 that contribute to proliferation signaling, and 15-prostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH), which degrades PGE_2 as a tumor suppressor, should all be targeted in the quest for colon cancer prevention and therapy. The need is therefore not for simple COX-2-related preventive and therapeutic models to be prepared, but detailed analyses that assist in the clarification of PGE_2-related carcinogenesis
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