68 research outputs found
Constructive Optimism, Defensive Optimism, and Gender as Predictors of Autonomous Motivation to Follow Stay-at-Home Recommendations during the COVID-19 Pandemic
No full textBackground. This study is based on self-determination theory and the research on dispositional optimism and unrealistic optimism. Dispositional optimism is known to be protective of well-being and is related to adaptive coping strategies. Investigations related to unrealistic optimism, on the other hand, revealed that it may have both positive and negative consequences. Objective. To investigate dispositional optimism and two kinds of specific optimism as predictors of autonomous motivation to follow stay-at-home orders during the COVID-19 pandemic in a sample of Russian young adults: constructive optimism, meaning belief in the role of effort; and defensive optimism, meaning unrealistic expectations and denial that a problem exists. Design. A correlational (cross-sectional) study was conducted to measure adherence to the recommendation to stay at home, autonomous motivation, dispositional optimism, constructive optimism, and defensive optimism. An online survey was completed by 1,403 young adults (68% women) during the first month of lockdown. Results. The findings demonstrate that constructive optimism and its underlying dispositional optimism predict both autonomous motivation and adherence to the recommendation to stay at home, while defensive optimism produces the opposite, undermining effects. Structural equation modeling revealed the effect of gender on adherence to the recommendation (higher in women), mediated by different types of optimism and autonomous motivation. Conclusion. Dispositional optimism together with situation-specific constructive and defensive types of optimism are essential for explaining the health-related behavior and its motivation. These results contribute to self-determination theory, considering the role of personality factors in determining motivation. © 2020. Lomonosov Moscow State University. All Rights Reserved
Sociopsychological factors affecting the relationship satisfaction in young married couples
No full textRelationship satisfaction may be considered as a general assessment based on the emotional experience in marital relationships. The results of theoretical analysis show that the main and direct reason of negative emotions in relationships is frustration of psychological needs. Satisfaction of these needs in spouses’ life is connected with individual differences in attachment and love. Based on these ideas we suggested hypothesis that connection of attachment style with relationship satisfaction is explained by frustration of basic psychological needs of people with insecure attachment style. To check this hypothesis we tested 68 couples, 30 of them were married and 38 cohabited. Relationship satisfaction measured using RAS by Hendrick highly correlated with basic needs satisfaction (measured using Need satisfaction scale by La Guardia) and attachment style (measured using the Russian version of ECR by Sabel'nikova and Kashirskii). The results of structural equation modeling led to the conclusion that negative association of anxious attachment with relationship satisfaction was totally explained by frustration of basic needs (first of all, need for relatedness) while the negative effect of avoidant attachment was accounted for frustration partially. Also it was shown that people wit
Combat actions of the 1st and 3rd air armies in the first rzhev-sychev operation: Losses and their replacement
No full textThe article discusses the combat work of the Red Army air force (the 1st and the 3rd air armies of the Western and Kalinin fronts, respectively) during the Rzhev-Sychev operation, focusing on the role of field aircraft repair for the replacement of losses suffered in the battle, and for maintaining the overall combat capability of the air forces in the offensive zone. The author suggests considering the battle of Rzhev as one of the largest and longest aviation battles of the Great Patriotic War. The paper offers a comparative analysis of the number of forces involved in the Rzhev-Sychevsky operation with other large-scale air operations. Drawing on hitherto unstudied sources from the collections of the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation and on statistical data, the author explains the tactical application of aviation in the Central part of the Soviet-German front in the summer and autumn of 1942, as well as the patterns and main causes of losses during the military operation. The author emphasizes the critical importance of field repair for an accelerated recovery of air force strike capabilities; this gave the Soviet units significant advantages over the German Luftwaffe in the region. As the paper shows, the command of the 1st and 3rd air armies were fully aware of the importance of field repair and gave it thoughtful consideration; already during the intense fighting, measures were taken to share the gained experience with other units. © 2021, RUDN UNiversity. All rights reserved
Sociopsychological factors affecting the relationship satisfaction in young married couples
No full textRelationship satisfaction may be considered as a general assessment based on the emotional experience in marital relationships. The results of theoretical analysis show that the main and direct reason of negative emotions in relationships is frustration of psychological needs. Satisfaction of these needs in spouses’ life is connected with individual differences in attachment and love. Based on these ideas we suggested hypothesis that connection of attachment style with relationship satisfaction is explained by frustration of basic psychological needs of people with insecure attachment style. To check this hypothesis we tested 68 couples, 30 of them were married and 38 cohabited. Relationship satisfaction measured using RAS by Hendrick highly correlated with basic needs satisfaction (measured using Need satisfaction scale by La Guardia) and attachment style (measured using the Russian version of ECR by Sabel'nikova and Kashirskii). The results of structural equation modeling led to the conclusion that negative association of anxious attachment with relationship satisfaction was totally explained by frustration of basic needs (first of all, need for relatedness) while the negative effect of avoidant attachment was accounted for frustration partially. Also it was shown that people with avoidant attachment experience more frustration of need for autonomy in marital relationships.
This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project 15-16-22003.</jats:p
Development of the Basic Psychological Needs at School Scale
No full textThe most important factors in the psychological well-being and academic motivation of schoolchildren from the point of view of self-determination theory include the satisfaction of their basic psychological needs. The purpose of the study was to develop a compact questionnaire to measure the satisfaction of three basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness) in middle school students. The study used data from an online survey of 3,901 schoolchildren from different regions of Russia, of which 2,176 (56%) were fifth grade students and 1,725 (44%) eighth grade students. The results of CFA confirmed the expected structure of the questionnaire and demonstrated metric and scalar invariance in the age groups of fifth and eighth graders. Moderate internal consistency of the autonomy satisfaction scale and good internal consistency of other scales were demonstrated. The validity of all developed subscales was confirmed by the correlations of satisfaction and frustration of basic needs with various indicators of academic motivation and psychological well-being. These findings demonstrate that the use of a questionnaire to assess basic psychological needs satisfaction may benefit educational psychologists' efforts to enhance academic motivation and support students' well-being.</p
Russian-Language Version of the Moral Identity Questionnaire
No full textMoral identity, according to theoretical concepts, plays an important role in motivating moral behaviour. At the same time, empirical studies of moral identity are hampered by the lack of appropriate instruments. The purpose of this work is to develop a Russian-language inventory based on the Moral Identity Questionnaire (MIQ) by J. Black and W. Reynolds, which includes two scales: Moral Self and Moral Integrity. The Moral Integrity Scale measures the desire for consistency between one's moral impulses and actions, while the Moral Self Scale measures how strong one's identification with moral values is. In the study on a sample of 322 students (79% female, mean age M = 21,05; SD = 6,55) good internal consistency of the scales was shown (Cronbach's α coefficients were 0.77 and 0.80). The results of the confirmatory factor analysis confirm the structure of the questionnaire, composed of two factors relevant to the scales. The results of the validity analysis showed that indicators of moral identity are directly related to moral foundations, agreeability, indicators of empathy, as well as identified, internal and introjected motivation for moral actions. Also, the expected negative correlations of indicators of moral identity with moral disengagement, traits of the dark triad, egoism, propensity to academic dishonesty and amotivation of moral actions were revealed. No gender differences were found on the scales of moral identity, while a weak direct relationship of all scales with age was revealed. Thus, as a result of the study, a Russian-language moral identity questionnaire was developed, which can be useful in further research on the role of identity in motivating moral behaviour.</p
Automatic Error Detection and Hint Generation in the Teaching of Formal Languages Syntax Using Correctwriting Question Type for Moodle LMS
No full textThe Role of Academic Motivation, Life Aspirations and Self-congruence in the Professional Intentions of Teacher Education Students
No full textThe article presents the results of the study of the influence of psychological factors on the professional intentions of teacher education students. The training of students for their future work at schools is very important. Considering intentions as a motivational phenomenon, the authors apply self-determination theory. A research hypothesis explains that the intention of students to work at schools is indirectly related to self-congruence. The mediators of this relationship may include satisfaction with the profession, intrinsic academic motivation, and the aspiration to contribute to the community. 240 students (aged 17 to 25 years, 67% girls) were recruited for the study. The results of the structural equation modeling confirmed the hypothesis of a mediated relationship between the intention to work at schools and self-congruence. Satisfaction with the profession and intrinsic academic motivation function as mediators of this relationship. The aspiration to contribute to the community is related to the intention to work at schools, but it does not mediate the relationship with self-congruence. From a practical perspective, it is important to support students’ satisfaction with the profession and their intrinsic academic motivation during their study in order to strengthen their aspiration to work at schools.</p
The construct validity of the russian version of the modified academic self-regulation questionnaire (SRQ-A) among elementary and middle school children
No full text© 2020 Russsian Psychological Society. Background. The Academic Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SRQ-A) is a useful self-report measure of academic motivation grounded in self-determination theory (E. Deci & R. Ryan). Objective. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the utility of the Russian version of the SRQ-A by reporting psychometric properties, examining the factorial structure of the SRQ-A, and assessing its construct validity in a large sample of primary and middle school children. Design. To validate the Russian version of the SRQ-A, two cross-sectional studies were conducted, one with primary school children, and the second with middle school children. Results. We developed and tested the Russian version of the SRQ-A on a sample of 1215 children, Grades 3-7, from three primary and three secondary (middle) schools in Russia. The multidimensional factorial structure of the original measure was tested with bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling (B-ESEM) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Construct validity was tested using correlational analyses with convergent and divergent measures. The SRQ-A showed good internal consistency for all subscales, with Cronbach's α ranging between 0.65 and 0.77 for the primary school children (Study 1), and 0.74 and 0.82 in a sample from the middle school children (Study 2). In both studies a simplex-structure pattern was confirmed, and the CFA model, with seven first-order factors and two second-order factors for intrinsic regulation and extrinsic regulation, had an acceptable fit. The results of both studies demonstrate that the subscales show good convergent and discriminant validity with respect to basic psychological needs, attitudes toward school, school well-being, and general well-being scales. Conclusion. In sum, the 26-item Russian SRQ-A is a reliable and valid selfreport instrument for the assessment of self-determined types of motivation for primary and middle school children. © Lomonosov Moscow State University, 2020
Values and Moral Foundations as a Basis for Attitude toward Mentally Retarded People in Students
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