1,720,955 research outputs found
Evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of rift valley fever mp-12 and armp-12δnsm21/384 vaccine candidates in goats (capra hircus), sheep (ovis aries) and calves (bos indicus) from Tanzania
No full textRift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an arbovirus that causes Rift Valley fever (RVF), a
disease that causes morbidity and mortality in livestock and humans. Among the measures
considered, vaccines are the most effective control strategy against this RVF disease.
While we have available vaccines, effective vaccines and better routes of vaccination are
needed to prevent RVF among livestock and humans. Therefore, the aim of this study was
to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a live attenuated RVFV MP-12 and a
derivative recombinant RVFV arMP-12ΔNSm21/384 vaccine using the intramuscular (IM)
route of vaccination in Tanzanian calves, and goats. Also, a proof of concept study was
conducted to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the RVFV arMP-12ΔNSm21/384
vaccine using the intranasal (IN) route of vaccination in the same species, as well as sheep.
Overall, a total of 61 animals (goats, sheep and calves) aged 6 to 9 months old were used
in this study. Twenty five animals, including 5 goats and 3 calves were vaccinated IM with
a dose of 1×105 plaque forming units (PFU)/ml of RVF MP-12 and 8 goats and 5 calves
were vaccinated with the RVF arMP-12ΔNSm21/384 vaccine, and 2 goats and 2 calves
received a placebo to serve as controls. Afterward, rectal temperatures were recorded on
day 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 then weekly throughout the study. Blood samples were collected on day
14 before vaccination and on the days 0, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 70, 84 and 87 post
vaccinations (PV). At day 87 PV, all IM vaccinated animals were revaccinated via the IM
route with 1×104 PFU/ml of RVF MP-12 vaccine and blood samples were again collected
on days 94, 101 and 108 PV. As a proof of concept study, 7 sheep, 10 goats and 10 calves
were vaccinated intra-nasally (IN) with 50 μl of 1×105 PFU of arMP-12ΔNSm21/384
vaccine and 2 sheep were vaccinated with 100 ul of 1x 105 PFU of the arMP-
12ΔNSm21/384 vaccine, and 7 animals (2 goats, 3 sheep and 2 calves) received a placebo
to serve as controls. Rectal temperatures were recorded and blood samples were collected
14 days before and on day, 0 immediately before vaccination and on days 3, 5, 7, 14, 21,
28 and 35 PV. Samples collected in both studies on the day -14 before vaccination, day 0
immediately before vaccination, 3 and 5 were tested for viremia by virus isolation
attempted in Vero E6 cells and samples collected on days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 70, 84, 87, 94,
101 and 108 PV were tested for RVFV neutralizing antibody by the plaque reduction
neutralization test (PRNT). None of the animals had detectable viremia and clinical
manifestations throughout the study. All IM vaccinated animals and 70% of each species
in the IN vaccinated animals had the first detectable antibody on either day 5 or 7 PV,
respectively and antibody titers ranged from 1: 10 to 1:40. Afterwards, antibody titers
increased and ranged from 1:10 to 1:640 for the IN and 1:40 to 1:640 for IM vaccinated
animals. The antibody response was lower for the IN vaccinated animals, but goats that
were vaccinated both by the IM and IN routes responded better than other species while
calves had the lowest antibody titers. Therefore, these findings demonstrated that the IN
route of vaccination is promising for use in place of the IM route to avoid the use of
needles that can cause needle stick injuries and the IN route may prove to be a safer and
more efficient route of vaccination especially in mass vaccination campaigns. However,
based on the preliminary results of this study, the volume of the vaccine dose for IN
vaccination may need to be increased from 50 μl to 100 ul per animal to improve the
immunogenicity of the vaccine.USAI
Evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of rift valley fever mp-12 and armp-12δnsm21/384 vaccine candidates in goats (capra hircus), sheep (ovis aries) and calves (bos indicus) from Tanzania
No full textRift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an arbovirus that causes Rift Valley fever (RVF), a
disease that causes morbidity and mortality in livestock and humans. Among the measures
considered, vaccines are the most effective control strategy against this RVF disease.
While we have available vaccines, effective vaccines and better routes of vaccination are
needed to prevent RVF among livestock and humans. Therefore, the aim of this study was
to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a live attenuated RVFV MP-12 and a
derivative recombinant RVFV arMP-12ΔNSm21/384 vaccine using the intramuscular (IM)
route of vaccination in Tanzanian calves, and goats. Also, a proof of concept study was
conducted to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the RVFV arMP-12ΔNSm21/384
vaccine using the intranasal (IN) route of vaccination in the same species, as well as sheep.
Overall, a total of 61 animals (goats, sheep and calves) aged 6 to 9 months old were used
in this study. Twenty five animals, including 5 goats and 3 calves were vaccinated IM with
a dose of 1×105 plaque forming units (PFU)/ml of RVF MP-12 and 8 goats and 5 calves
were vaccinated with the RVF arMP-12ΔNSm21/384 vaccine, and 2 goats and 2 calves
received a placebo to serve as controls. Afterward, rectal temperatures were recorded on
day 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 then weekly throughout the study. Blood samples were collected on day
14 before vaccination and on the days 0, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 70, 84 and 87 post
vaccinations (PV). At day 87 PV, all IM vaccinated animals were revaccinated via the IM
route with 1×104 PFU/ml of RVF MP-12 vaccine and blood samples were again collected
on days 94, 101 and 108 PV. As a proof of concept study, 7 sheep, 10 goats and 10 calves
were vaccinated intra-nasally (IN) with 50 μl of 1×105 PFU of arMP-12ΔNSm21/384
vaccine and 2 sheep were vaccinated with 100 ul of 1x 105 PFU of the arMP-
12ΔNSm21/384 vaccine, and 7 animals (2 goats, 3 sheep and 2 calves) received a placebo
to serve as controls. Rectal temperatures were recorded and blood samples were collected
14 days before and on day, 0 immediately before vaccination and on days 3, 5, 7, 14, 21,
28 and 35 PV. Samples collected in both studies on the day -14 before vaccination, day 0
immediately before vaccination, 3 and 5 were tested for viremia by virus isolation
attempted in Vero E6 cells and samples collected on days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 70, 84, 87, 94,
101 and 108 PV were tested for RVFV neutralizing antibody by the plaque reduction
neutralization test (PRNT). None of the animals had detectable viremia and clinical
manifestations throughout the study. All IM vaccinated animals and 70% of each species
in the IN vaccinated animals had the first detectable antibody on either day 5 or 7 PV,
respectively and antibody titers ranged from 1: 10 to 1:40. Afterwards, antibody titers
increased and ranged from 1:10 to 1:640 for the IN and 1:40 to 1:640 for IM vaccinated
animals. The antibody response was lower for the IN vaccinated animals, but goats that
were vaccinated both by the IM and IN routes responded better than other species while
calves had the lowest antibody titers. Therefore, these findings demonstrated that the IN
route of vaccination is promising for use in place of the IM route to avoid the use of
needles that can cause needle stick injuries and the IN route may prove to be a safer and
more efficient route of vaccination especially in mass vaccination campaigns. However,
based on the preliminary results of this study, the volume of the vaccine dose for IN
vaccination may need to be increased from 50 μl to 100 ul per animal to improve the
immunogenicity of the vaccine.USAI
Evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of rift valley fever mp-12 and armp-12δnsm21/384 vaccine candidates in goats (capra hircus), sheep (ovis aries) and calves (bos indicus) from Tanzania
No full textRift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an arbovirus that causes Rift Valley fever (RVF), a
disease that causes morbidity and mortality in livestock and humans. Among the measures
considered, vaccines are the most effective control strategy against this RVF disease.
While we have available vaccines, effective vaccines and better routes of vaccination are
needed to prevent RVF among livestock and humans. Therefore, the aim of this study was
to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a live attenuated RVFV MP-12 and a
derivative recombinant RVFV arMP-12ΔNSm21/384 vaccine using the intramuscular (IM)
route of vaccination in Tanzanian calves, and goats. Also, a proof of concept study was
conducted to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the RVFV arMP-12ΔNSm21/384
vaccine using the intranasal (IN) route of vaccination in the same species, as well as sheep.
Overall, a total of 61 animals (goats, sheep and calves) aged 6 to 9 months old were used
in this study. Twenty five animals, including 5 goats and 3 calves were vaccinated IM with
a dose of 1×105 plaque forming units (PFU)/ml of RVF MP-12 and 8 goats and 5 calves
were vaccinated with the RVF arMP-12ΔNSm21/384 vaccine, and 2 goats and 2 calves
received a placebo to serve as controls. Afterward, rectal temperatures were recorded on
day 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 then weekly throughout the study. Blood samples were collected on day
14 before vaccination and on the days 0, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 70, 84 and 87 post
vaccinations (PV). At day 87 PV, all IM vaccinated animals were revaccinated via the IM
route with 1×104 PFU/ml of RVF MP-12 vaccine and blood samples were again collected
on days 94, 101 and 108 PV. As a proof of concept study, 7 sheep, 10 goats and 10 calves
were vaccinated intra-nasally (IN) with 50 μl of 1×105 PFU of arMP-12ΔNSm21/384
vaccine and 2 sheep were vaccinated with 100 ul of 1x 105 PFU of the arMP-
12ΔNSm21/384 vaccine, and 7 animals (2 goats, 3 sheep and 2 calves) received a placebo
to serve as controls. Rectal temperatures were recorded and blood samples were collected
14 days before and on day, 0 immediately before vaccination and on days 3, 5, 7, 14, 21,
28 and 35 PV. Samples collected in both studies on the day -14 before vaccination, day 0
immediately before vaccination, 3 and 5 were tested for viremia by virus isolation
attempted in Vero E6 cells and samples collected on days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 70, 84, 87, 94,
101 and 108 PV were tested for RVFV neutralizing antibody by the plaque reduction
neutralization test (PRNT). None of the animals had detectable viremia and clinical
manifestations throughout the study. All IM vaccinated animals and 70% of each species
in the IN vaccinated animals had the first detectable antibody on either day 5 or 7 PV,
respectively and antibody titers ranged from 1: 10 to 1:40. Afterwards, antibody titers
increased and ranged from 1:10 to 1:640 for the IN and 1:40 to 1:640 for IM vaccinated
animals. The antibody response was lower for the IN vaccinated animals, but goats that
were vaccinated both by the IM and IN routes responded better than other species while
calves had the lowest antibody titers. Therefore, these findings demonstrated that the IN
route of vaccination is promising for use in place of the IM route to avoid the use of
needles that can cause needle stick injuries and the IN route may prove to be a safer and
more efficient route of vaccination especially in mass vaccination campaigns. However,
based on the preliminary results of this study, the volume of the vaccine dose for IN
vaccination may need to be increased from 50 μl to 100 ul per animal to improve the
immunogenicity of the vaccine.USAI
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
