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Two new and two poorly known autolytines (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Madeira and the Mediterranean Sea
No full textWe describe Proceraea albocephala, new species, from Madeira, and Erseia oligochaeta, new genus and new species,
from Istria, Croatia, and we provide redescriptions of Proceraea madeirensis (Nygren, 2004) from topotype material,
and Myrianida longoprimicirrata (López, San Martín & Jimenéz, 1997) from material collected at Istria, Croatia, and
Banyuls-sur-Mer, France. Proceraea albocephala, new species is morphologically separated from similar species by a
prostomial white spot, and E. oligochaeta, new genus, new species is unique in having only a few (1–2) simple
unidentate chaetae in all chaetigers, and a trepan with a single large and 25–28 smaller teeth. We assess the phylogenetic
positions of the four species using nuclear 18SrDNA, together with mitochondrial COI and 16SrDNA. Our molecular
data show that among the sequenced autolytines 1) P. albocephala, new species is most closely related to P.
nigropunctata Nygren & Gidholm, 2001, P. okadai (Imajima, 1966), and P. cornuta (Agassiz, 1862), 2) E. oligochaeta,
new genus, new species belongs within a clade together with Procerastea nematodes Langerhans, 1884, Virchowia
clavata Langerhans, 1879, and Imajimaea draculai (San Martín & López, 2002), 3) M. longoprimicirrata is sister
species to M. pentadentata (Imajima, 1966), and 4) P. madeirensis has a basal position within Procerini. The molecular
data suggests that Proceraea Ehlers, 1864 as currently delineated is paraphyletic
"Nygren, Anders"
No full textA short presentation of Anders Nygren, his writings, and his impact on Systematic Theology and Biblical Studies
Paraproceraea Nygren, 2004, gen. n.
No full textParaproceraea gen. n. Linnean name definition. Type species Autolytus(Autolytus) tamanus Imajima, 1966. PhyloCode definition. No name definition provided. Apomorphies. Supported by 2 morphological characters (Fig. 4): 1) nuchal epaulettes extend to chaetiger 3 (character 8), character state change is a reversal, and a parallelism; 2) number of teeth> 65 (character 40), character state change is a parallelism. Etymology. Para is greek and means close to. Named for its similarity to Proceraea. Paraproceraea tamana (Imajima, 1966) comb. n. (Fig. 47 A–F) Autolytus (Autolytus) tamanus Imajima, 1966: 46 –47, fig. 11 E–K. NOT Autolytus tamanus San Martín 1994 272–273, fig. 2 A–D. Material examined. Japan: holotype NSMTPol H 1, Tamano, Torishima, 1964, 2 m. Diagnosis. Procerini with nuchal epaulettes reaching middle of chaetiger 3, a thick type of bayonet chaetae, distally denticulated, and 90 small subequal teeth in trepan. Description. Length 7.5 mm for 42 chaetigers, incomplete, width excluding parapodial lobes 0.5 mm at level of proventricle. Preserved material yellowish without colour markings, eyes brownish red. Live specimen orange with brown spot at the base of each dorsal cirri (Imajima 1966). Body, excluding parapodial lobes, cylindrical, venter flattened; body width fairly constant. Ciliation not possible to assess, anterior segments appear triannulated (Fig. 47 A). Prostomium rounded rectangular, wider than long. Four eyes, with lenses, in trapezoid arrangement, anterior pair larger. Eyes large, in dorsal view almost confluent (Fig. 47 A); eye spots absent. Palps in dorsal view projecting 1 / 4 of prostomial length (Fig. 47 A), fused. Extension of nuchal epaulettes to half of chaetiger 3 (Fig. 47 A). Antennae and first dorsal cirri lost. Dorsal tentacular cirri reaching chaetiger 7. Ventral tentacular cirri 1 / 3 as long as dorsal pair, second dorsal cirri as long as ventral tentacular cirri. From chaetiger 1–27 cirri with usual alternation in direction, followed by 3 DDUUgroups. Dorsal cirri from chaetiger 3 of equal length (Fig. 47 B), 1 / 3 of body width excluding parapodial lobes. Cirrophores on tentacular segment and first dorsal cirri present; cirrophores otherwise absent (Fig. 47 B). All appendages cylindrical, including lost anterior appendages (Imajima 1966). Parapodial lobes rounded, small (Fig. 47 B). Aciculae numbering 2–3 in all present chaetigers. Chaetal fascicle with 10–15 compounds. Compound chaetae with small distal tooth in anterior 5–10 chaetigers (Fig. 47 C), more posterior with larger distal tooth, still smaller than subdistal tooth (Fig. 47 D); serration present. Single thick bayonet chaetae, distally denticulated (Fig. 47 E), beginning from chaetiger 20. Pharynx with sinuation anterior and lateral to anterior half of proventricle (Fig. 47 F). Trepan dissected, lost. Proventricle equal in length to 2 segments in chaetiger 5–6 with c. 25 rows of square shaped muscle cells. Posterior part lost. Reproduction. Unknown. Additional information. Imajima (1966) describes the trepan as having 90 subequal teeth arranged in one ring. Habitat. Intertidal. Distribution. North West Pacific. Southern Japan. Only known from type locality. Remarks. Paraproceraea tamana is only known from one anterior end. The record of P. tamana from Cuba is not considered reliable, since the specimen has a thin bayonet chaetae, subdistally denticulated while the bayonet chaetae of P. tamana is thick, distally denticulated. The details of compound chaetae and proventricle do not match either. P. tamana is unique in having a combination of thick bayonet chaetae with 90 small subequal teeth. Unfortunately the trepan has been lost, and it is not possible to confirm Imajima's observations. Other Procerini with many teeth (> 40) in their trepan includes Imajimaea zonata, I. japonensis (Imajima & Hartman, 1964), and I. tsugara (Imajima, 1966); all these taxa have thin bayonet chaetae, subdistally denticulated.Published as part of Nygren, Arne, 2004, Revision of Autolytinae (Syllidae: Polychaeta)., pp. 1-314 in Zootaxa 680 on pages 104-105, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15780
Proceraea paraurantiaca Nygren, 2004, sp. n.
No full text<i>Proceraea paraurantiaca sp. n.</i> (Fig. 22A–F) <p> <i>Proceraea aurantiaca</i> Nygren & Gidholm 2001: fig. 3D.</p> <p> <i>Proceraea</i> sp2 Nygren & Sundberg 2003: GenBank sequences, 16S rDNA partial sequence AF474277, and 18S rDNA partial sequence AF474323.</p> <p> <b>Material examined</b>. <b>Spain</b>: holotype SMNH 5948 and 4 additional spms (2 spms on slides (rear ends in author's collection for DNA analyses), 2 spms in author's collection for DNA analyses), El Caboda, Trafalgar, 36°11'N 6°01'W, dive, 5 m, <i>Corallina</i> sp., <i>Codium</i> sp., sponges, hydroids, Nov 1999. <b>France</b>: 2 spms (1 mounted for SEM, 1 in author's collection for DNA analyses), Banyuls­sur­Mer, 42°28.9'N 03°08.2'E, sponges, hydroids, dive, 10 m, May 1997; 1 spm, Banyuls­sur­Mer, 42°28.9'N 03°08.2'E, dive, 1–3 m, algae, hydroids, 23 Apr 2001; 1 spm, Banyuls­sur­Mer, 42°28.6'N 03°09.7'E, dive, 30 m, "coralligene", 24 Apr 2001.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b>. <i>Proceraea</i> with well­developed ciliated ridge on palps.</p> <p> <b>Description</b>. Length 5.2–10 mm for 34–76 chaetigers, width 0.2–0.35 mm. Live specimens faintly yellowish, intestinal region greenish, proventricle yellowish to weekly orange, parapodial bases with one red spot; eyes red. Preserved specimens without colours. Ciliation present on prostomium, nuchal epaulettes, and a few segments ventrally.</p> <p>Eyes confluent (Fig. 22A); eye spots present (Fig. 22B). Palps in dorsal view projecting 1/3–1/2 of prostomial length (Fig. 22A, B), fused. Palps with an extra ridge, well ciliated (Fig. 22B). Nuchal epaulettes extending over anterior part of chaetiger 1 (Fig. 22A, B).</p> <p>Median antenna reaching chaetiger 12–20 (n=4) in live specimens. Lateral antennae and dorsal tentacular cirri, length 1/2 of median antenna. Ventral tentacular cirri 1/2 as long as dorsal pair. First dorsal cirri as long as or 2/3 of median antenna, second dorsal cirri as long as 1.5 times the tentacular cirri. Alternation in direction of cirri not assessed. Dorsal cirri from chaetiger 3, of equal length, 1/2 of body width. Cirrophores on tentacular segment and first dorsal cirri present; cirrophores otherwise absent. All appendages cylindrical.</p> <p>Parapodial lobes rounded conical, small. Anterior chaetigers with 2 aciculae, 1 in median and posterior. Chaetal fascicle with 8–10 compounds in anterior chaetigers, 4–7 in median and posterior. Compound chaetae with small distal tooth in anterior 5–15 chaetigers (Fig. 22C), more posterior with large distal tooth (Fig. 22D). Single thick bayonet chaetae (Fig. 22E) beginning between chaetiger 4–15 (n=4).</p> <p>Pharynx with short sinuation anterior to proventricle. Trepan in chaetiger 1–2 (Fig. 22A, B), with 18 unequal teeth, 9 large and 9 smaller; 1 large alternating with 1 small, arranged in 2 rings (Fig. 22F). Basal ring present; infradental spines absent (Fig. 22F). Proventricle equal in length to 2–3 segments in chaetiger 7–10 (Fig. 22A) with 31–38 rows of muscle cells (n=7). Anal cirri equal in length to c. body width.</p> <p> <b>Reproduction</b>. Unknown.</p> <p> <b>Habitat</b>. Hydroids, bryozoans, algae, 5– 30 m.</p> <p> <b>Distribution</b>. North East Atlantic, Mediterranean.</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. Named for its similarity with <i>P. aurantiaca</i>.</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. <i>Proceraea paraurantiaca</i> is a rather cryptic species, probably confused with <i>P. aurantiaca</i> as was done in Nygren & Gidholm (2001: fig 3D). The most distinctive character that separates the two is that <i>P. paraurantiaca</i> has an additional ciliated ridge on their palps; in addition the pharynx is not as convoluted and the proventricle is generally paler than in <i>P. aurantiaca</i>. Of the sequenced autolytines, <i>P. aurantiaca</i> closest relative is the West Atlantic <i>P. rubroproventriculata</i> Nygren & Gidholm, 2001.</p> <p> <b> <i>Proceraea penetrans</i> (Wright & Woodwick, 1977) comb. n. (Fig. 23A–E)</b> </p> <p> <i>Autolytus (Regulatus) penetrans</i> Wright & Woodwick, 1977: 43 –47, figs 2, 3A–D.</p> <p> <b>Material examined</b>. <b>USA</b>: holotype LACM POLY­ 1176, California, Farnsworth Bank off Santa Catalina Island, and Gull Island off Santa Cruz, within blisters on the hydrocoral <i>Allopora california</i>, 6–18 m depths.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b>. <i>Proceraea</i> with compound chaetae lacking serration, forms blisters on the hydrocoral <i>Allopora california</i>, in which it lives.</p> <p> <b>Description</b>. Holotype complete. Length 2.6 mm for 38 chaetigers, width 0.2 mm. Preserved material whitish­greyish with scattered black pigments (Fig. 23A). Ciliation not possible to assess.</p> <p>Eyes separated; eyes spots absent. Palps in dorsal view projecting 1/4–1/3 of prostomial length, fused. Nuchal epaulettes extending over tentacular segment.</p> <p>All anterior appendages curled, not evaluated. Cirri on chaetiger 2, length 1.5 times the following cirri. Alternation in direction of cirri not assessed. Dorsal cirri from chaetiger 3, of equal length, 1/4–1/5 of body width excluding parapodia. Cirrophores on tentacular segment and first dorsal cirri present; cirrophores otherwise absent. All appendages cylindrical.</p> <p>Parapodial lobes rounded conical, small (Fig. 23A). Single acicula in all chaetigers. Chaetal fascicle with 7–8 compounds in anterior chaetigers, 4–5 in median and posterior. Compound chaetae with small distal tooth; serration absent (Fig. 23D, E). Single thick bayonet chaetae, beginning at chaetiger 7.</p> <p>Pharynx with 1 sinuation anterior to the proventricle. Trepan in chaetiger 3, with 18 unequal teeth, 9 large and 9 slightly smaller (Fig. 23C); 1 large alternating with 1 small, in 2 rings. Absence/presence of basal ring and infradental spines not possible to assess. Proventricle equal in length to 2.5 segments in chaetiger 7–9, with 34 rows of muscle cells (Fig. 23B). Anal cirri equal in length to 1/8 of body width.</p> <p> <b>Reproduction and morphology of epitokous stages</b>. Schizogamy, indications on anterior scissiparity. Body segments behind chaetiger 13 thinner. Possibly small antennae developing behind chaetiger 13. Wright & Woodwick briefly describes a male stolon: length 2 mm for 6+19+10 chaetigers.</p> <p> <b>Habitat</b>. In blisters on the hydrocoral <i>Allopora california</i>.</p> <p> <b>Distribution</b>. North East Pacific. California, only known from type locality.</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. Wright & Woodwick described the trepan as having 9 equal teeth, closer inspection revealed a trepan with 18 unequal teeth, 1 large alternating with 1 small, in 2 rings, typical of most <i>Proceraea</i>. Other <i>Proceraea</i> ­species with similar trepan, with nuchal organs only extending over tentacular segments and small distal tooth in compound chaetae include <i>Proceraea cornuta</i>, <i>P. micropedata</i>, <i>P. okadai</i>, <i>P. nigropunctata</i>, and <i>P. okadai</i>. <i>Proceraea penetrans</i> may be separated from these by examination of the compound chaetae. The progenitor chaetae (Wright & Woodwick 1977, fig. 3C) could not be found, but the compound chaetal blades lack serration and the distal tooth is less developed in <i>P. p e n ­ etrans</i> than in all mentioned species (compare Fig. 23D with e.g. Fig. 20D). <i>Proceraea penetrans</i> is interesting as it forms blisters on the hydrocoral <i>Allopora california</i>, in which it lives. Autolytines are for what is known, mostly less associated with their hosts; there is one other report of commensal/parasitic behaviour in the autolytine <i>Proceraea rhavskyi</i> (see remarks for <i>Epigamia alexandri</i> (Malmgren, 1867)) where the theca of <i>Abietinaria</i> is modified to host the developing larvae.</p>Published as part of <i>Nygren, Arne, 2004, Revision of Autolytinae (Syllidae: Polychaeta)., pp. 1-314 in Zootaxa 680</i> on pages 66-68, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/157809">10.5281/zenodo.157809</a>
Proceraea madeirensis Nygren 2004
No full text<i>Proceraea madeirensis</i> Nygren, 2004 <p>(Figs 3 B, D, 5C–E)</p> <p> <i>Procereaea fasciata</i> Langerhans, 1879: 581, fig. 33A–C Junior homonym of <i>Nereis fasciata</i> Bosc, 1802.? <i>Autolytus (Proceraea) fasciata</i> Augener 1913: 264 –265.</p> <p> ? <i>Proceraea fasciata</i> Westheide 1974: 323 –325, figs 61–62; Hartmann-Schröder 1987: 44 –45, figs 20–22. <i>Proceraea madeirensis</i> nom. n. Nygren, 2004: 56 –57, fig. 15A–B.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> <i>Holotype</i>. Madeira, NHMW 2512. <i>Other material</i>. NW Madeira, East of Porto Moniz, 32°51.664'N 17°09.105'W, balanids with hydroids, SCUBA, 30 Sept 2009, one specimen preserved in formalin (GNM Polychaeta 13207a), rear end preserved in alcohol (GNM Polychaeta 13207b); Madeira, Funchal, 32°38.130'N 16°55.815'W, 5–15 m, rocks with <i>Lithothamnion</i>, SCUBA, 21–25 Sep 2009, four specimens preserved in alcohol (GNM Polychaeta 13208–13211), two specimens preserved on slides (GNM Polychaeta 13212, 13213), rear ends preserved in alcohol, used up for DNA extraction.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> <i>Proceraea</i> with brown segmental bands; antennae, dorsal tentacular cirri, and dorsal cirri brown.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Length 3.6–11 mm for 41–56 chaetigers, width at level of proventricle, excluding parapodial lobes, 0.2–0.3 mm. Live specimens with broad brown segmental bands on every segment, antennae, dorsal tentacular cirri and first dorsal cirri brown (Fig. 3 B, D). Body shape, excluding parapodial lobes, cylindrical in transection, ventrally flattened. Body fairly constant in width, with tapering posterior end. Ciliation on nuchal epaulettes. Prostomium rounded rectangular. Four eyes with lenses, anterior pair larger, confluent in dorsal view (Fig. 3 D); eye spots absent. Palps in dorsal view projecting c. 1/4 of prostomial length, fused. Nuchal epaulettes extending to middle of chaetiger 1 (Fig. 3 D). Prostomium with three antennae; median antenna inserted medially on prostomium, lateral antennae on anterior margin. Tentacular cirri two pairs. Median antenna reaching chaetiger 14–15. Lateral antennae and dorsal tentacular cirri, c. half as long as median antenna. First dorsal cirri, c. 2/3 as long as median antenna, ventral tentacular cirri and second dorsal cirri c. 1/ 3 as long as dorsal tentacular cirri. Alternation in direction of cirri not assessed due to observational difficulties. From chaetiger 3, all cirri equally long, 1/4–1/3 as long as body width. Cirrophores on tentacular segment and first dorsal cirri, otherwise absent. All appendages cylindrical. Parapodial lobes small, rounded conical. Aciculae 1–3 in anterior chaetigers, 1 or 2 in median and posterior chaetigers. Chaetal fascicle with 6–9 compound chaetae in anterior chaetigers, 3–6 in median and posterior chaetigers. Compound chaetae in anterior 10–15 chaetigers with small distal tooth, then larger but still smaller than subdistal one (Fig. 5 C, D); blade serrated. Single thick bayonet chaetae (Fig. 5 C) beginning on chaetiger 4–15. Pharynx with single sinuation anterior to proventricle (Fig. 3 D). Trepan in chaetiger 3, with 18 uneuqal teeth in two rings, alternating 9 large with 9 smaller (Fig. 5 E). Basal ring present, infradental spines absent. Proventricle as long as 4–5 segments, in chaetiger 6–12 (Fig. 3 D), with 55–60 rows of muscle cells. Anal cirri as long as c. half body width.</p> <p> <b>Reproduction.</b> Unknown.</p> <p> <b>Habitat.</b> Among hydroids on balanids, rocks with <i>Lithothamnion</i> and epifauna.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Only known from Madeira.</p> <p> <b>Intraspecific genetic variation.</b> No genetic variation was found in the two sequenced specimens.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> As discussed in Nygren (2004) the identity of Augener’s (1913), Westheide’s (1974) and Hartmann-Schröder’s (1987) specimens as <i>P. madeirensis</i> is doubtful as Langerhans’ holotype lacks the unidentate chaetae mentioned by these authors, and these chaetae are not present in the newly collected specimens in our study. According to our molecular data, <i>P. madeirensis</i> is the most basal taxon in Procerini among the sequenced taxa. As discussed above we believe new generic names should be introduced in order to keep <i>Proceraea</i> monophyletic. However we decided to postpone this awaiting more data and better taxon sampling. If a new generic name is introduced for <i>P. madeirensis</i>, then the original species epithet would be valid, as the homonomy with <i>P. fasciata</i> (Bosc, 1802) would cease.</p>Published as part of <i>Nygren, Arne, Sundkvist, Tobias, Mikac, Barbara & Pleijel, Fredrik, 2010, Two new and two poorly known autolytines (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Madeira and the Mediterranean Sea, pp. 35-52 in Zootaxa 2640</i> on pages 45-47, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/198574">10.5281/zenodo.198574</a>
Epigamia Nygren 2004
No full textGenus Epigamia Nygren 2004 * Epigamia macrophtalma (Marenzeller, 1875) DISTRIBUTION: NA, SA. LITERATURE RECORDS: Marenzeller 1875; Stossich 1883; Carus 1884; Giangrande et al. 2003; Nygren 2004; Castelli et al. 2008; Mikac & Musco 2010. OTHER REPORTED NAMES: Proceraea macrophthalma Marenzeller, 1875.Published as part of Mikac, Barbara, 2015, A sea of worms: polychaete checklist of the Adriatic Sea, pp. 1-172 in Zootaxa 3943 (1) on pages 125-126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3943.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/24466
Proceraea pleijeli Nygren, 2004, sp. n.
No full text<i>Proceraea pleijeli sp. n.</i> (Fig. 25A–E) <p> <i>Proceraea</i> sp3 Nygren & Sundberg 2003: GenBank sequences, 16S rDNA partial sequence AF474272, and 18S rDNA partial sequence AF474318.</p> <p> <b>Material examined</b>. <b>Spain</b>: holotype SMNH 5947 (rear end in author's collection for DNA analyses) and 1 spm on slide (rear end in author's collection for DNA analyses), Sancti Petri, Chiclana, 36°23'N 6°13'W, floating docks, 1 m, sponges, hydroids, Nov 1999.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b>. <i>Proceraea</i> with characteristic colour markings as brown, orange, and white transverse bands.</p> <p> <b>Description</b>. Length 8.1–9.6 mm for 60–70 chaetigers, width 0.5 mm. Live specimens with 2 longitudinal black lines at each side of dorsum, between each segment a dark brown transverse band interrupted by 2 thinner orange bands, in between these a thin white band (Fig. 25B); every third or forth segment the white band is wider and the orange bands indistinct; nuchal epualettes brown; antennae, dorsal tentacular cirri, and first dorsal cirri brown; eyes dark red. Preserved material without colour markings. Ciliation present on prostomium, nuchal epaulettes, and a few segments ventrally.</p> <p>Eyes large, confluent (Fig. 25A); eye spots absent. Palps in dorsal view projecting 1/ 5–1/4 of prostomial length (Fig. 25A), fused. Extension of nuchal epaulettes from half to end of chaetiger 1 (Fig. 25A).</p> <p>Median antenna reaching chaetiger 10–14 (n=2). Lateral antennae and dorsal tentacular cirri, length 1/2 of median antenna. Ventral tentacular cirri 1/3 as long as dorsal pair. First dorsal cirri as long as median antenna, second dorsal cirri as long as ventral tentacular cirri. Alternation in direction of cirri not assessed. Cirrophores on tentacular segment and first dorsal cirri present; cirrophores otherwise absent. Dorsal cirri from chaetiger 3, of equal length, 1/3 of body width (Fig. 25A). All appendages cylindrical.</p> <p>Parapodial lobes rounded conical, small. Anterior chaetigers with 2–3 aciculae, 1–2 in median and posterior. Chaetal fascicle with 10–12 compounds in anterior chaetigers, 3–8 in median and posterior. Compound chaetae with small distal tooth in anterior 20 chaetigers (Fig. 25D), more posterior with larger distal tooth, still somewhat smaller than subdistal tooth (Fig. 25E); serration present. Single thick bayonet chaetae beginning at chaetiger 13.</p> <p>Pharynx with 1 sinuation anterior to proventricle. Trepan in tentacular segment or chaetiger 1, with 18 unequal teeth, 9 large and 9 smaller (Fig. 25C); 1 large alternating with 1 small, arranged in 2 rings. Basal ring present; infradental spines absent. Proventricle equal in length to 3 segments in chaetiger 5–7 with 44–46 rows of muscle cells (n=2). Anal cirri equal in length to 1/2 of body width.</p> <p> <b>Reproduction</b>. Unknown.</p> <p> <b>Habitat</b>. Amongst hydroids and tunicates.</p> <p> <b>Distribution</b>. North East Atlantic. Spain. Only known from type locality.</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. Named in honour of Fredrik Pleijel.</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. Easily identified alive, but apart from colour pattern identical in morphology to <i>P. p i c t a</i> and <i>P. scapularis</i>. In the examined gene sequences it is similar but clearly distinct from these two taxa.</p>Published as part of <i>Nygren, Arne, 2004, Revision of Autolytinae (Syllidae: Polychaeta)., pp. 1-314 in Zootaxa 680</i> on pages 70-71, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/157809">10.5281/zenodo.157809</a>
Erseia Nygren, Sundkvist, Mikac & Pleijel, 2010, new genus
No full textErseia, new genus Etymology. Erseia is named in honour of Christer Erséus for his contributions to annelid phylogeny and taxonomy. The name is also intended as a “play on words”, which is one of Erséus’ distinguishing feature. Gender masculine. Type species. Erseia oligochaeta, new genus, new species. Diagnosis and description. Monotypic, see E. oligochaeta, new genus, new species.Published as part of Nygren, Arne, Sundkvist, Tobias, Mikac, Barbara & Pleijel, Fredrik, 2010, Two new and two poorly known autolytines (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Madeira and the Mediterranean Sea, pp. 35-52 in Zootaxa 2640 on page 42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19857
Planicirrata Nygren, 2004, gen. n.
No full text<i>Planicirrata</i> gen. n. <p> <b>Linnean name definition</b>. Type species <i>Myrianida proceraeae</i> Hartmann­Schröder & Rosenfeldt, 1990.</p> <p> <b>PhyloCode definition</b>. No name definition provided.</p> <p> <b>Apomorphies</b>. Supported by 3 morphological apomorphies (Fig. 4): 1) <i>cirrostyles flattened</i> (character 15), character state change is a parallelism; 2) <i>pharynx sinuation with several sinuations</i> (character 39), character state change is a parallelism; 3) <i>number of rows of muscle cells equals 41–50</i> (character 48), character state change is a parallelism.</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. Plani is latin, meaning flat. Named for its flattened cirrostyles.</p> <p> <b> <i>Planicirrata proceraeae</i> (Hartmann­Schröder & Rosenfeldt, 1990) comb. n. (Fig. 46A–G)</b> <i>Myrianida proceraeae</i> Hartmann­Schröder & Rosenfeldt, 1990: 100 –101, figs 1–3; 1992: 104.</p> <p> <b>Material examined</b>. <b>Antarctic</b>: holotype, ZMH 19924, Elephant Island, 60°51.3'S, 55°45.6'W, 290 m, stones, 26 Feb 1985.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b>. Procerini with flattened lanceolate cirrostyles.</p> <p> <b>Description</b>. Holotype complete, length 14 mm for 90 chaetigers, width 1.4 mm at level of proventricle. Preserved material yellowish, without colour markings; eyes reddish orange.</p> <p>Body shape, excluding parapodial lobes, cylindrical in transection, stout (Fig. 46A), venter flattened. Body distinctly thicker in anterior 20 chaetigers. Ciliation not possible to assess. There is an indication of a stolon head behind chaetiger 13, with 3 minutely developing antennae (Fig. 46B).</p> <p>Prostomium rounded rectangular, wider than long. Four eyes, with lenses, present in trapezoid arrangement, anterior pair larger. Eyes separated; eye spots absent. Palps small, in dorsal view projecting 1/5 of prostomial length (Fig. 46A), fused. Nuchal epaulettes reaching end of tentacular segment.</p> <p>Antennae as well as ventral tentacular cirri and first dorsal cirri lost. Dorsal tentacular cirri reaching chaetiger 3. Alternation in direction of cirri not assessed. Dorsal cirri on anterior 10 chaetigers lost, all other cirri equal in length (Fig. 46C), c. 1/8 of body width. Indistinct cirrophores on tentacular segment and first dorsal cirri present; cirrophores otherwise absent. Dorsal tentacular cirri, as well as median antenna, and first dorsal cirri (Hartmann­Schröder & Rosenfeldt 1990), cylindrical, dorsal cirri lanceolat, flattened (Fig. 46C).</p> <p>Parapodial lobes rounded conical, small. Number of aciculae not possible to assess. Chaetae in anterior 10 chaetigers broken, other chaetae compounds (Fig. 46E). Chaetal fascicle with 20–25 chaetae in anterior chaetigers, 5–20 in median and posterior. Compound chaetae with small distal tooth (Fig. 46E); serration absent. Single thick, distally dilated, bayonet chaetae, with distal denticulation (Fig. 46D), beginning at chaetiger 20.</p> <p>Pharynx and proventricle dissected, placement unknown. Pharynx with at least 3 sinuations. Trepan with c. 30 small, more or less equal, teeth (Fig. 46F, G). Basal ring absent; infradental spines absent (Fig. 46F, G). Proventricle, unknown position, equal in size to 5– 6 segments with 45 rows of square shaped muscle cells. Anal cirri lost.</p> <p> <b>Reproduction</b>. Anterior scissiparity, the holotype is developing a stolon behind chaetiger 13.</p> <p> <b>Habitat</b>. Stones, 290 m.</p> <p> <b>Distribution</b>. Antarctic. Only known from type specimen.</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. <i>Planicirrata proceraeae</i> is unique among Procerini in having flattened dorsal cirri. Apart from the flattened cirri, <i>P. proceraeae</i> show few similarities with <i>Myrianida</i>, with which it was first associated. In general appearance <i>P. proceraeae</i> is possibly most similar to <i>Pachyprocerastea hydrozoicola</i> but the chaetal arrangement is quite different in <i>P. hydrozoicola</i> with simple chaetae in all chaetigers. Simple chaetae is lacking in <i>P. proceraeae</i> as far as is known, but presence of simple chaetae in anterior chaetigers can not be excluded as these chaetae are broken.</p>Published as part of <i>Nygren, Arne, 2004, Revision of Autolytinae (Syllidae: Polychaeta)., pp. 1-314 in Zootaxa 680</i> on pages 102-103, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/157809">10.5281/zenodo.157809</a>
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