1,720,972 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Standard Norwegian fishmeal- and fishoil process.Heat treatment requirements
Get PDFThe present report is a consolidated version of former Nofima Report K-371, incorporating new kinetic data on thermal inactivation of IPNV (Nygaard and Myrmel, 2010). Report K-371 has been withdrawn. The project was initiated by the Norwegian Seafood Federation (FHL) after a request from the Norwegian Food Safety Authority to define a standard Norwegian fish meal process and criteria to kill infectious agents present in wild fish and aquaculture fish. The report summarizes inactivation data for Enterobacteriaceae/Salmonella and bacterial/viral pathogens of fish. Inactivation effects resulting from various temperature-time (T/T) combinations were estimated from available D-and z-values. Wild fish should be processed according to the “fishmeal method” as outlined in Regulation (EC) 1774/2002. The minimum conditions proposed for heat treatment of wild fish are 70 °C/20 minutes which provides 100 LOG10 reductions of Enterobacteriaceae/Salmonella. The minimum conditions proposed for heat treatment of aquaculture fish are 76 °C/20 minutes or other T/T combinations resulting in 3 LOG10 reductions of IPNV. The report describes heat treatment at two alternative stages of the manufacturing process; in cooker and in indirect steam drier. For production of fishmeal, fulfilment of minimum conditions for heat treatment may be documented either in the cooker or in the steam driers. For fishoil production, inactivation has to rely on heat treatment in the cooker. The report proposes conditions to be fulfilled in order to allow processing of category 3 materials from wild fish and aquaculture fish in the same processing unit.Standard Norwegian fishmeal- and fishoil process.Heat treatment requirementspublishedVersio
Rapport 19/2013, norsk sammendrag
No full text-The Norwegian Seafood Federation (FHL) has applied for approval of a new alternative method for processing of category 2 animal by-products (ABP) of fish origin. The processing method is characterized by fish raw material that is grinded before mixing with formic acid at pH ≤4 and stored for ≥24 hours before heat treatment of the silage with a particle size ≤10 mm at a temperature ≥85 °C for ≥25 minutes.
The method was assessed by EFSA (BIOHAZ-panel) who concluded that the risk related to pathogens present in fish ABP’s from aquaculture would be adequately reduced by the proposed process if the requirements of the HACCP-plan could be achieved in a full scale plant. The production trials verified the feasibility of the HACCP-plan under real processing conditions in a full scale plant.
Another purpose of the production trials was to demonstrate that relevant pathogens are inactivated by the proposed process. For each of 20 batches produced, 5 samples of silage and 5 of end product were analyzed for Salmonella and Enterobacteriaceae. All results were negative, confirming earlier lab scale experiments showing that the formic acid treatment alone inactivate those bacteria. One composite sample of silage and one of end product for each batch were analyzed for C.perfringens. All results were negative, confirming a low prevalence of C.perfringens in fish silages, as also demonstrated in earlier surveys. Anaerobic sulfite-reducing bacteria were analyzed in the same composite samples. The concentration in silage ranged from 1.100 to 130.000 per gram, while heat treatment provided on average more than 3 log reductions. This reduction rate is comparable to that found in earlier lab scale inactivation experiments with C.perfringens and C.sporogenes spores.
All batches of end product met the microbiological requirements used to assess inactivation effect of new processing methods according to method 7 in Regulation (EC) 1774/2002. Based on this, it is concluded that the risk related to pathogens present in fish ABP from aquaculture would be adequately reduced by the proposed process.Fiskeri og Havbruksnæringens Landsforening (FHL) har søkt om godkjenning av en ny alternativ metode for prosessering av kategori 2 bi-produkter fra fisk. Metoden består av oppmaling og maursyrebehandling av fisken ved pH ≤4 i ≥24 timer før varmebehandling av fiskeensilasje med partikkelstørrelse ≤10 mm ved ≥85 ⁰C i ≥25 minutter. Metoden ble vurdert av EFSA (BIOHAZ-panel) som konkluderte at risiko knyttet til patogener i biprodukter fra akvakultur ville bli tilstrekkelig redusert hvis kravene i HACCP-planen lot seg gjennomføre i fullskala.
Rapporten beskriver en serie produksjonsforsøk som viste at HACCP-planen var gjennomførbar under realistiske forhold i et fullskala fabrikkanlegg og at relevante patogener ble inaktivert gjennom prosessen
Standard norsk fiskemel- og fiskeoljeprosess.Krav til varmebehandling
Get PDFForeliggende rapport er en konsolidert versjon av tidligere Nofima rapport K-367, hvor nye kinetikkdata for termisk inaktivering av IPNV har blitt inkludert. Rapporten foreligger også i engelsk utgave (Nofima Report no. 33/2010). Rapport K-376 er trukket tilbake. Prosjektet ble initiert av FHL etter anmodning fra Mattilsynet til norsk fiskemelindustri om å definere en standard norsk fiskemelprosess med kriterier for å drepe aktuelle smittestoffer i villfisk og oppdrettsfisk. Rapporten oppsummerer drepekinetikkdata om Enterobacteriaceae/Salmonella og fiskepatogene bakterier/ virus. Inaktiveringseffekt av ulike temperatur-tid (T/T) kombinasjoner ble beregnet fra kjente D- og z-verdier. Villfisk skal gjennomgå en prosess som oppfyller kravene til ”fiskemelmetoden” i Forordning (EF) 1774/ 2002. Foreslåtte minimumsbetingelser for varmebehandling er 70 °C/20 minutter som gir 100 Log10 reduksjoner av Enterobacteriaceae/Salmonella. Foreslåtte minimumsbetingelser for oppdrettsfisk er 76 ºC/20 minutter eller andre T/T kombinasjoner som gir 3 Log10 reduksjoner av IPNV. Rapporten beskriver varmebehandling på to alternative trinn i fiskemelprosessen; i koker og i indirekte damptørke. For fiskemel kan oppfyllelse av minimumskravene til varmebehandling dokumenteres enten i koker eller i damptørke. For fiskeolje må inaktiveringen baseres på varmebehandling i koker. Rapporten beskriver vilkår som må oppfylles for å kunne prosessere villfisk og oppdrettsfisk i samme anlegg.Rapport/Report 35/2010 English summaryStandard norsk fiskemel- og fiskeoljeprosess.Krav til varmebehandlingpublishedVersio
Verification of a new processing method for treatment of category 2 material of fish origin – Full scale trials (Sec. ed. – minor corrections in page 3, 11 and Appendix I)
No full textThe Norwegian Seafood Federation (FHL) has applied for approval of a new alternative method for processing of category 2 animal by-products (ABP) of fish origin. The processing method is characterized by fish raw material that is grinded before mixing with formic acid at pH ≤4 and stored for ≥24 hours before heat treatment of the silage with a particle size ≤10 mm at a temperature ≥85 °C for ≥25 minutes.
The method was assessed by EFSA (BIOHAZ-panel) who concluded that the risk related to pathogens present in fish ABP’s from aquaculture would be adequately reduced by the proposed process if the requirements of the HACCP-plan could be achieved in a full scale plant. The production trials verified the feasibility of the HACCP-plan under real processing conditions in a full scale plant.
Another purpose of the production trials was to demonstrate that relevant pathogens are inactivated by the proposed process. For each of 20 batches produced, 5 samples of silage and 5 of end product were analyzed for Salmonella and Enterobacteriaceae. All results were negative, confirming earlier lab scale experiments showing that the formic acid treatment alone inactivate those bacteria. One composite sample of silage and one of end product for each batch were analyzed for C.perfringens. All results were negative, confirming a low prevalence of C.perfringens in fish silages, as also demonstrated in earlier surveys. Anaerobic sulfite-reducing bacteria were analyzed in the same composite samples. The concentration in silage ranged from 1.100 to 130.000 per gram, while heat treatment provided on average more than 3 log reductions. This reduction rate is comparable to that found in earlier lab scale inactivation experiments with C.perfringens and C.sporogenes spores.
All batches of end product met the microbiological requirements used to assess inactivation effect of new processing methods according to method 7 in Regulation (EC) 1774/2002. Based on this, it is concluded that the risk related to pathogens present in fish ABP from aquaculture would be adequately reduced by the proposed process
Validation of a rapid method for enumeration of yeast and mold – Petrifilm Rapid Yeast and Mold (RYM) Count Plate
No full textMetodens riktighet og presisjon ble vurdert som tilfredsstillende, basert på ekstern kollaborativ validering og intern verifisering av riktighet og presisjon. Riktighet Analyser av referansemateriale med ny metode (RYM), ga for gjær resultater sentralt i oppgitt initialt kontroll-intervall, mens mugg plasserte seg ved nedre kontrollgrense. Årsaken til lave muggresultater kan være tap av viabilitet etter fryselagring av referansematerialene i opptil 4 år. Analyser av naturlig kontaminerte prøver med ny metode (RYM) ga tilsvarende resultater som Nofimas etablerte metode (YM) for både mugg og gjær. AOACs og AFNORs kollaborative avprøvinger av RYM ga resultater for både mugg og gjær som ikke skilte seg statistisk fra resultatene av referansemetodene (US FDA BAM og ISO 21527). Presisjon Måleusikkerhet (U) for RYM ble beregnet til 0,12 for gjær og 0,23 for mugg som er lik eller noe lavere enn tidligere estimater for YM. AOACs og AFNORs interlaboratorie-studier konkluderte med at repeterbarhet og reproduserbarhet for RYM var tilsvarende som for referansemetodene (US FDA BAM og ISO 21527).Validation of a rapid method for enumeration of yeast and mold – Petrifilm Rapid Yeast and Mold (RYM) Count PlatepublishedVersio
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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