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Prevalence of hypertension and its association to HIV related factors among HIV patients on antiretroviral medications in Bagamoyo district, Tanzania
Get PDFA Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree in
Master of Science in Public Health Research at Nelson Mandela African Institution of
Science and TechnologyEffective use of antiretroviral therapy (ART), has greatly upgraded the quality of life and
survival of individuals suffering from HIV/AIDS. However, the incidence rate of
hypertension is reported growing up. The overall aim was to find out the prevalence of
hypertension and its association with HIV related factors in HIV patients on ART, in
Bagamoyo district Tanzania. The design was a cross-sectional study of HIV patients on ART
visiting care and treatment clinics. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140
mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg or being on medications for hypertension.
Logistic regression was applied during the analysis. The study investigated 328 HIV patients
on ART, 64.6% were female, and 92.68% on non-protease inhibitors medication and 14%
had a prior history of TB in the past 5 years. The overall prevalence of hypertension was
29.3% and it was significantly and positively associated with increasing age (years): 40-59,
3.40 (1.80-6.41) 0.001, ≥ 60, 9.25 (3.96-21.60) 0.001, obesity 3.63 (1.60-8.26) 0.002, nonprotease
inhibitors
4.31
(1.16-16.03)
0.029
and
tenofovir
4.27
(1.15-15.96)
0.031.
Both
of
the
duration
since HIV diagnosed, recent CD4+cell count and history of TB in the past 5 years
were not statistically significant associated with increased odds of having hypertension. In
conclusion the prevalence of hypertension in HIV patients on ART was 29.3% and it was
significantly and positively associated with increasing age, obesity, and non-protease
inhibitors. Regular monitoring of blood pressure, anthropometrics, and ART drug toxicity are
crucial among HIV patients
The Prevalence of Hypertension and its association with HIV related factors in HIV patients on ART, Bagamoyo district, Eastern Tanzania: Hypertension in adult HIV patients on ART
No full textAbstract
Background
Individuals living with HIV/AIDS have a higher risk of cardiovascular complications, including hypertension..We, therefore, assess the prevalence of hypertension and its association to HIV related factors in HIV patients on ART, in Bagamoyo district eastern Tanzania.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional study involving adult HIV-infected individuals on ART, consecutively enrolled from two selected care and treatment clinics, between March and May 2019. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ? 140mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ?90mmHg or being on-ant hypertensive medication regardless of blood pressure measurement on the day of enrolment. Logistic regression was used for assessing the association.
Results
We investigated 328 adult HIV patients on ART, 64.6% were female, 92.68% on non-protease inhibitors medication and 14% had a history of TB in the past 5 years. The overall prevalence of hypertension in adult HIV patients on ART was 29.3% and it was significant and positively associated with increasing age, obesity, family history of hypertension, current TB/HIV co-infection, and non-protease inhibitors. Both duration since HIV diagnosed, recent CD4+cell count and history of TB in the past 5 years were not associated with increasing odds of having hypertension.
Conclusion
The prevalence of hypertension in HIV patients on ART was higher and it was associated with increasing age, obesity and exposure to non-protease inhibitors. Regular monitoring of blood pressure, anthropometrics, and ART drug toxicity are crucial among HIV patients attending CTC.
 
Prevalence of Hypertension and Its Association with Tuberculosis, among HIV patients on ART in Bagamoyo District, Eastern Tanzania
Get PDFThis research article published by International Journal of AIDS, 2019Background: Individuals living with HIV/AIDS have a higher risk of cardiovascular complications, including hypertension.
We, therefore, assess the prevalence of hypertension and its association with Tuberculosis in HIV patients on ART in
Bagamoyo district eastern Tanzania.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving HIV-infected individuals on ART, consecutively enrolled from two
selected care and treatment clinics (CTC), between March and May 2019. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood
pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≤ 90 mm Hg or being on-ant hypertensive medication
regardless of blood pressure measurement on the day of the visit.
Results: We investigated 328 HIV patients on ART, 64.6% were female, 92.68% on non-protease inhibitors, 0.61% had
current TB and 14% had a history of Tuberculosis in the past 5 years. The overall prevalence of hypertension in HIV patients
on ART was 29.3% and it was significant and positively associated with increasing age, obesity, family history of
hypertension, and, current history of TB. However, having a history of Tuberculosis in the past 5 years was not associated
with increased odds of having hypertension.
Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension in HIV patients on ART was higher and it was associated with traditional risk
factors and the current history of tuberculosis and but not with a history of Tuberculosis in the past 5 years. Regular
monitoring of blood pressure is crucial among HIV/AIDS patients attending HIV outpatient clinics
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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