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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
On the Extra Anomalous Gyromagnetic Ratio of the Electron and Other General Spin-1/2 Particles
No full textThis is an articleAs is well known, amongst the greatest successes of the Dirac equation at its birth
where its ability to naturally account for spin as a relativistic phenomenon and its almost arcane prediction of the correct gyromagnetic ratio of the Electron. The Dirac equation forms the most fundamental basis of Quantum Field Theory (QFT). QFT is one of the most successful fields of human endeavour. The Dirac equation gives an accurate account of the Electron so much that since its birth, it has always has been thought of as an equation for the Electron. However, in its bare and natural form, it is widely believed that the same can not be said of the Dirac equation when it comes to the Proton and Neutron, which ? as the Electron; are both spin-1/2 particles. For example, the Dirac equation has never in its natural form been
used to explain the gyromagnetic ratio of the Proton and Neutron. Much to the contrary to
this prevalent wisdom, here we show that one might account for the gyromagnetic ratio of any general spin-1/2 particle such as that of the Proton, Neutron, together with the Electron?s extra anomalous gyromagnetic ratio as second order effects within the minimally coupled Dirac theory that i.e., from the same theory that unveiled spin as a relativistic phenomenon and at the same time predicted the correct gyromagnetic ratio of the Electron.National University of Science & Technology (NUST)?s Research & Innovation Department and Research Board
A Solution to the Twin Paradox from Within the STR Without Invoking Accelerations
No full textThis is a Preprint articleThis is the first instalment in a four part series, the aim of the work being to introduce absolute
motion into Einstein?s Special Theory of Relativity (STR). In the traditional treatment of Einstein?s
famous twin paradox, it is argued that the stay at home twin will age more than the ?travelling?
twin and the asymmetry is attributed to the fact that the travelling twin?s reference system is not an
inertial reference system during the periods of acceleration and deceleration thus making it ?illegal?
for the ?travelling? twin to use the STR in their reference system, hence ?resolving? the paradox
altogether. From within the domains, confines and provinces of Einstein?s STR, we argue without
considering the accelerations and decelerations, where we show that, indeed, it is the ?travelling? twin
that is younger at the point of reunion. This brings us to a point of admission that there is indeed
a twin who really does the travelling and another that does the staying at home. Hidden within the
labyrinth of its seemingly coherent and consistent structure and fabric, does Einstein?s STR imply
absolute motion ? we ask
Bipolar Out?ows as a Repulsive Gravitational Phenomenon ?Azimuthally SymmetricTheory of Gravitation (II)
No full textJournal reference: Research in Astron. Astrophys. 2010 Vol. 10 No. 11, 1151-1176 ? ?This reading is part in a series on the Azimuthally Symmetric Theory of
Gravitation (ASTG) set-out in Nyambuya (2010a). This theory is built on Laplace-
Poisson?s well known equation and it has been shown therein (Nyambuya 2010a) that the
ASTG is capable of explaining ? from a purely classical physics standpoint; the precession
of the perihelion of solar planets as being a consequence of the azimuthal symmetry
emerging from the spin of the Sun. This symmetry has and must have an influence on the
emergent gravitational field. We show herein that the emergent equations from the ASTG
? under some critical conditions determined by the spin ? do possess repulsive gravitational
fields in the polar regions of the gravitating body in question. This places the ASTG
on an interesting pedal to infer the origins of outflows as a repulsive gravitational phenomena.
Outflows are an ubiquitous phenomena found in star forming systems and their true
origins is a question yet to be settled. Given the current thinking on their origins, the
direction that the present reading takes is nothing short of an asymptotic break from conventional
wisdom; at the very least, it is a complete paradigm shift as gravitation is not at
all associated; let alone considered to have anything to do with the out-pour of matter but
is thought to be an all-attractive force that tries only to squash matter together into a single
point. Additionally, we show that the emergent Azimuthally Symmetric Gravitational
Field from the ASTG strongly suggests a solution to the supposed Radiation Problem
that is thought to be faced by massive stars in their process of formation. That is, at
8 - 10M , radiation from the nascent star is expected to halt the accretion of matter
onto the nascent star. We show that in-falling material will fall onto the equatorial disk
and from there, this material will be channelled onto the forming star via the equatorial
plane thus accretion of mass continues well past the curtain value of 8-10M albeit
via the disk. Along the equatorial plane, the net force (with the radiation force included)
on any material there-on right up-till the surface of the star, is directed toward the forming
star, hence accretion of mass by the nascent star is un-hampered.NorthWest University (Potchefstroom Campus), School of Physics (Unit for Space Research), suppoterd by the Republic of South Africa's National Research Foundation,and Germany's DAAD Programme via the University of Koln
Gauge Invariant Massive Long Range and Long Lived Photons
No full textGauge Invariant Massive Long
Range and Long Lived Photons is a published article of the Applied physics department.Prevailing and conventional wisdom holds that intermediate gauge Bosons for long range interactions such as
the gravitational and electromagnetic interactions must be massless as is assumed to be the case for the photon
whichmediates the electromagnetic interaction. We have argued in a different reading that it should in-principle
be possible to have massive photons. The problem of whether or not these photons will lead to short or long
range interactions has not been answered. Naturally, because these photons are massive, one would without
much pondering and excogitation on the matter assume that these photons can only take part in short range
interactions. Contrary to this and to conventional wisdom; via a subtlety ? namely, the foregoing of the Lorenz
gauge and in line with ideas set out in out proposed Unified Field Theory, the introduction of a vector potential
whose components are 4 ? 4 hermitian matrices; we show within the confines of Proca Electrodynamics under
the said modifications, that massive photons should be long lived (i.e., stable) and be able to take part in long
range interactions without any problem.
On the Plausibility of an Upper Bound Uncertainty Principle
No full textThis article is published in Prespacetime Journal which has been published by Quantum Dream, Inc. in October 2014.We argued previously from a physical and number theoretic standpoint that an upper bound speed
limit such as the speed of light implies the existence of a lower limit to the duration of events in the
Universe. Consequently, this leads to a minimum characteristic length separation for events in the
Universe. Herein, we argue that matter and energy that is in compliance with and in observance of the
upper bound light speed limit is governed by the lower limiting uncertainty principle of Heisenberg. We
also ask the natural and logical question `What would an upper bound uncertainty principle mean?'
We come to the interesting conclusion that an upper bound uncertainty principle must apply to
particles that travel at speeds greater than the speed of light. Further, we argue that consequently
a tachyon must exist in a permanent state of con nement and must be intrinsically and inherently
unstable in which event it oscillates between di erent states. These two requirements place quarks in
a position to be good candidates for tachyon
General Spin Dirac Equation (II).
No full textThis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work
is properly cited.In an eailer reading [4], we did demonstrate that one can write down a general spin Dirac
equation by modifying the usual Einstein energy-momentum equation via the insertion of the quantity
?s? which is identified with the spin of the particle. That is to say, a Dirac equation that describes a
particle of spin S = 1
2 s~ where ~ is the normalised Planck constant, are the Pauli 2 ? 2 matrices and
s = (?1,?2,?3, . . . etc). What is not clear in the reading [4] is how such a modified energy-momentum
relation would arise in Nature. At the end of the day, the insertion by sleight of hand of the quantity
?s? into the usual Einstein energy-momentum equation, would then appear to be nothing more than
speculation. In the present reading ? by making use of the curved spacetime Dirac equations proposed in
the work [3], we move the exercise of [4] from the realm of speculation to that of plausibility
Is Relativity?s Equal Footing Treatment of Space and Time Correct in its Entirety?
No full textThis is an articleBoth the Special and General Theories of Relativity (hereafter: STR and
GTR respectively) put forward by Professor Albert Einstein enjoy an impressive, spectacular,
unparalleled and unprecedented success in explaining physical phenomenon as it
is revealed by experience. So successful are these theories ? so much that ? their very
foundations are no-longer questioned from a pessimist?s standpoint but from that of an
optimist? viewpoint. Any envisioned or proposed (new) experiment or observational measurement
is naturally expected to confirm the STR and GTR. Amongst the foundation
stones of the STR and GTR is the treatment of space and time on an equal footing. While
in-principle this treatment has no problem when dealing with reference frames, we urge
herein that this treat may not be correct when it comes to handling coordinate systems
On a Simpler, Much More General and Truly Marvellous Proof of Fermat?s Last Theorem (II)
No full textThis is a preprint article submitted to viXra.org Version 3English mathematics Professor, Sir Andrew John Wiles of the University of Cambridge
finally and conclusively proved in 1995 Fermat?s Last Theorem which had for 358 years notoriously resisted all efforts to prove it. Sir Professor Andrew Wiles?s proof employs very advanced mathematical tools and methods that were not at all available in the known World during Fermat?s days. Given that Fermat claimed to have had the ?truly marvellous? proof, this fact that the proof only came after 358 years of repeated failures by many notable mathematicians and that the proof came from mathematical tools and methods which are far ahead of Fermat?s
time, this has led many to doubt that Fermat actually did possess the ?truly marvellous?
proof which he claimed to have had. In this short reading, via elementary arithmetic methods which make use of Pythagoras theorem, we demonstrate conclusively
that Fermat?s Last Theorem actually yields to our efforts to prove it.Prof. Dr. P. Mundy, Dr. P. Makoni. Dr. D. J. Hlatswayo, and Prof. Y.S. Nai
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