22 research outputs found
sj-docx-1-nah-10.1177_02601060231200521 - Supplemental material for Contribution of socio-economic and demographic factors to maternal and child malnutrition in Bangladesh: Insights from a nationwide survey
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-nah-10.1177_02601060231200521 for Contribution of socio-economic and demographic factors to maternal and child malnutrition in Bangladesh: Insights from a nationwide survey by Abu Sayeed, Ema Akter, Promit Barua Chowdhury and
Md. Saiful Islam, Mst. Sadia Sultana, Nowrin Nusrat, Lubna Hossain, Rita Karmoker, Ritu Rana, Manika Saha, M. Tasdik Hasan in Nutrition and Health</p
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The Politics of Climate Change Knowledge
No full textThis book addresses political knowledge of climate change and its relation to labelling people affected by climate change, either as ‘climate refugees’ or as ‘climate change-induced displaced people or migrants’. By questioning the knowledge of climate change and subsequent labelling of people, this book will spark debate in studies of global climate politics and transnational policy networks. Rather than considering the issue of climate change as a given phenomenon, the author explores how the politicized knowledge of climate change has been produced in international negotiations and how that knowledge is transmitted from global forums to local country levels via climate change action plans and resilience projects. This book introduces the concept of multi-scalar knowledge brokers (MKBs) – individual actors who work at multiple levels (local, national, and international) to transmit the knowledge of climate change from global level to local level. The author uses the primary case study of Bangladesh to demonstrate how the dominant actors in global climate politics – the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and the World Bank, as well as the USA and the UK – interact with the government and local NGOs in Bangladesh regarding transmitting the knowledge of climate change, labelling the uprooted people, and implementing resilience projects. This book will be of interest to students, scholars, and practitioners of international relations, environmental politics, climate change studies, political ecology, political geography, and migration and displacement studies
Dealing with separation or near-to-separation in the model for multinomial response with application to childhood health seeking behavior data from a complex survey
No full textSeparation or monotone-likelihood can be observed in fitting process of a multinomial logistic model using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) when sample size is small and/or one of the outcome categories is rare and/or there is one or more influential covariates, resulting in infinite or biased estimate of at least one regression coefficient of the model. This study investigated empirically to identify the optimal data condition to define both ‘separation’ and ‘near-to-separation’ (partial separation) and explored their consequences in MLE and provided a solution by applying a penalized likelihood approach, which has been proposed in the literature, by adding a Jeffreys prior-based penalty term to the original likelihood function to remove the first-order bias in the MLEs of the multinomial logit model via equivalent Poisson regression. Furthermore, the penalized estimating equation (PMLE) is extended to a weighted estimating equation allowing for survey-weight for analyzing data from a complex survey. The simulation study suggests that the PMLE outperforms the MLE by providing smaller amount of bias and mean squared of error and better coverage. The methods are applied to analyze data on choice of health facility for treatment of childhood diseases.</p
H2A Survey
No full textThe following dataset contains documentation, codebooks of the survey in English and Spanish, SPSS codebook, R coding, and the analysis files from the H2A survey
The Politics of Climate Change Knowledge
No full textThis book addresses political knowledge of climate change and its relation to labelling people affected by climate change, either as ‘climate refugees’ or as ‘climate change-induced displaced people or migrants’. By questioning the knowledge of climate change and subsequent labelling of people, this book will spark debate in studies of global climate politics and transnational policy networks. Rather than considering the issue of climate change as a given phenomenon, the author explores how the politicized knowledge of climate change has been produced in international negotiations and how that knowledge is transmitted from global forums to local country levels via climate change action plans and resilience projects. This book introduces the concept of multi-scalar knowledge brokers (MKBs) – individual actors who work at multiple levels (local, national, and international) to transmit the knowledge of climate change from global level to local level. The author uses the primary case study of Bangladesh to demonstrate how the dominant actors in global climate politics – the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and the World Bank, as well as the USA and the UK – interact with the government and local NGOs in Bangladesh regarding transmitting the knowledge of climate change, labelling the uprooted people, and implementing resilience projects. This book will be of interest to students, scholars, and practitioners of international relations, environmental politics, climate change studies, political ecology, political geography, and migration and displacement studies. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license. Thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched www.knowledgeunlatched.or
Thalamo-amygdala interactions
No full textAn animal’s survival depends on its ability to gather information about its current context and internal state, and respond appropriately to the dangers associated with foraging for resources. Therefore, they have developed adaptive behaviors that are expressed similarly across species. These behaviors are regulated by a network of highly conserved and densely inter-connected brain structures, which includes the amygdala, thalamus and prefrontal cortex. Since the early 1990s, the amygdala has been the focus of extensive study because of its role in fear behavior and emotional learning. The amygdala has been found to be involved in diverse behaviors ranging from stress and anxiety to reward-seeking and social behavior. Additionally, the midline thalamus (MTh) and mediodorsal thalamus (MD) have also been found to be involved in these behaviors. However, little information is available on how these thalamic nuclei and the amygdala influence each other. It is known that the MTh sends dense glutamatergic projections to the amygdala, but does not receive return inputs from the amygdala. Similarly, the amygdala sends projections to MD, but MD does not project back to the amygdala. Therefore, the circuit mechanisms of the interactions between the amygdala, MTh and MD need to be examined. To this end, I investigated these connections using whole-cell in vitro recordings combined with optogenetics, neural tract tracing and immunohistochemistry. My experiments revealed that MTh inputs mainly contact principal basolateral amygdala (BLA) neurons such that when MTh neurons fire, little feedforward inhibition counters their excitatory influence over principal cells. Conversely, the BLA sends a mixed, glutamatergic-GABAergic projection to MD. Therefore, these connections likely influence coordination of activity between the BLA, MD, and mPFC.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical reference
Ascaridia galli, a common nematode in semiscavenging indigenous chickens in Bangladesh: epidemiology, genetic diversity, pathobiology, ex vivo culture, and anthelmintic efficacy
No full textABSTRACT: Ascaridia galli is the most common nematode in chickens. Ascaridia galli is highly prevalent in chickens reared in scavenging or semiscavenging systems. Here, we studied the epidemiology, pathology, genetic diversity, ex vivo culture protocol and anthelmintic sensitivity of A. galli prevalent in indigenous chickens in Bangladesh. Through morphological study and molecular analyses, the isolated worms were confirmed as A. galli. Of the chickens examined, 45.6% (178 out of 390) were found infected. The male and young chickens were significantly (P < 0.05) more prone to A. galli infection. Prevalence of the infection was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the summer season. In heavy infections, A. galli blocked the small intestine. Marked inflammation, increased mucus production and petechial hemorrhages were evident in the small intestine, particularly in the duodenum. Also, there were desquamation and adhesion of the mucosal villi; degeneration, necrosis of the epithelial cells and goblet cell hyperplasia. The mucosal layer was infiltrated mainly with eosinophils and heterophils. We developed a hen egg white-based long-term ex vivo culture protocol which supported the survival and reproduction of A. galli for more than a week. Levamisole (LEV) and ivermectin (IVM) efficiently killed A. galli. However, albendazole (ABZ), mebendazole (MBZ), and piperazine (PPZ) did not kill the worms even at 120 μg/mL and 1mg/mL concentrations, respectively. Taken together, our results suggest that A. galli is highly prevalent in semiscavenging chickens in Bangladesh. Ascaridia galli can be easily maintained ex vivo in egg white supplemented M199 medium. LEV and IVM, but not ABZ, MBZ and PPZ, can be used for treating and controlling A. galli infections in chickens
Research note: Mite infestations in non-descriptive indigenous chickens in Bangladesh: Present status and pathology
No full textNon-descriptive, indigenous chickens (NDICs) in Bangladesh are commonly reared in scavenging system. Here, we describe the prevalence and pathological impacts induced by mite infestations in NDICs. We found that 47.4 % of NDICs (185 out of 390) were infested with three species of mites namely Trombicula spp. (53.1 %), Knemidocoptes mutans (scaly leg mites/SLM, 15.1 %) and Dermanyssus gallinae (red mites of poultry/PRM, 2.8 %). Sex, age and seasons significantly (p < 0.05) influenced the prevalence of mite infestations. Trombiculid mites produced more specific lesions characterized by circumscribed disc-shaped notches with attached bright red colored mites, which were commonly found in breast, fluff and thigh. Destruction of the epidermis, proliferation of fibrous connective tissues along with massive infiltration of heterophils and lymphocytes were predominant. Thick, rough and ragged appearances with encrustation of the skin of leg were found grossly in SLM infestations. Histologically, hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, massive infiltrations of reactive cells and cross-sections of parasites were detected. PRM induced petechial hemorrhages, papules, necrosis, rupture of the feather follicles and scab formations. Hyperkeratosis and huge infiltration of mononuclear cells and granulocytes were evident. Taken together, mite infestation is a big challenge in profitable NDICs rearing in Bangladesh and warrants immediate attention for their control
Levels and determinants of quality antenatal care in Bangladesh: Evidence from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey.
No full textBackgroundAssessing the quality of antenatal care (ANC) is imperative for improving care provisions during pregnancy to ensure the health of mother and baby. In Bangladesh, there is a dearth of research on ANC quality using nationally representative data to understand its levels and determinants. Thus, the current study aimed to assess ANC quality and identify the sociodemographic factors associated with the usage of quality ANC services in Bangladesh.MethodsSecondary data analysis was conducted using the last two Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys (BDHSs) from 2014 and 2017-18. A total of 8,277 ever-married women were included in the analysis (3,631 from 2014 and 4,646 from 2017-18). The quality ANC index was constructed using a principal component analysis on the following ANC components: weight and blood pressure measurements, blood and urine test results, counselling about pregnancy complications and completion of a minimum of four ANC visits, one of which was performed by a medically trained provider. Multinomial logistic regression was used to determine the strength of the association.ResultsThe percentage of mothers who received all components of quality ANC increased from about 13% in 2014 to 18% in 2017-18 (p ConclusionAlthough the quality of ANC improved from 2014 to 2017-18, it remains poor in Bangladesh. Therefore, there is a need to develop targeted interventions for different socio-demographic groups to improve the overall quality of ANC. Future interventions should address both the demand and supply-side perspectives
Flowchart of the sample selection process.
No full textBackgroundAssessing the quality of antenatal care (ANC) is imperative for improving care provisions during pregnancy to ensure the health of mother and baby. In Bangladesh, there is a dearth of research on ANC quality using nationally representative data to understand its levels and determinants. Thus, the current study aimed to assess ANC quality and identify the sociodemographic factors associated with the usage of quality ANC services in Bangladesh.MethodsSecondary data analysis was conducted using the last two Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys (BDHSs) from 2014 and 2017–18. A total of 8,277 ever-married women were included in the analysis (3,631 from 2014 and 4,646 from 2017–18). The quality ANC index was constructed using a principal component analysis on the following ANC components: weight and blood pressure measurements, blood and urine test results, counselling about pregnancy complications and completion of a minimum of four ANC visits, one of which was performed by a medically trained provider. Multinomial logistic regression was used to determine the strength of the association.ResultsThe percentage of mothers who received all components of quality ANC increased from about 13% in 2014 to 18% in 2017–18 (p ConclusionAlthough the quality of ANC improved from 2014 to 2017–18, it remains poor in Bangladesh. Therefore, there is a need to develop targeted interventions for different socio-demographic groups to improve the overall quality of ANC. Future interventions should address both the demand and supply-side perspectives.</div
