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The effect of immigration on wages in the U.S. labor market
No full textImmigration is a polarising topic. Everyone seems to have an opinion about it and the political debates about its effects on national economy arise again and again. There are numerous studies that have come to different conclusions about immigration’s effect on native workers’ wages and on the labor market. In this bachelor’s thesis I review previous empirical studies and aim to draw some general conclusions about how the studies arrive to their different findings. According to the supply and demand theory of competitive labor market, an increase of labor force, such as immigration, should lower the wages of native workers on the short run. On the other hand, in the long run the studies indicate that immigration has a positive or an imperceptible effect on wages
Sanoinkuvailematonta: Tekijät, jotka vaikuttavat inkluusiokokemuksiin työntekijöillä, joilla paikallisen kielen taito on rajallinen - tapaustutkimus Aalto-yliopistossa
No full textThis thesis explores factors that influence the experience of inclusion for employees with limited local language proficiency at their workplace at Aalto University. The study is highly relevant as the global population becomes increasingly linguistically diverse, which means that the languages spoken in the workplace are also increasing. All the while, linguistic diversity remains one of the few areas where employees can be discriminated against without the same kind of immediate human rights challenges for the organisation, compared to gender and race issues (Back & Piekkari, 2024). Hence, the need to understand inclusion and diversity in organisations like universities, for which internationalisation is a core strategic objective, has heightened.
Drawing on Jansen et al.’s (2014) framework of inclusion, centered on belongingness and authenticity, this study examines how local language shapes the perceived workplace inclusion, and how other identity-related factors such as nationality, cultural background, and perceived relatedness influence experiences of inclusion for international employees. The topic was investigated through a research question of “What factors influence the inclusion experiences of employees with limited local language proficiency at Aalto University?”
The study is an in-depth single case study and was conducted using qualitative methods in the context of Aalto University as the case organisation and by interviewing 14 international employees with varying levels of Finnish proficiency.
The findings show that employees can experience inclusion with both high and low local language proficiency, depending largely on their role. For service staff, Finnish skills often enhanced belonging, while academic staff felt included even without them. Experiences of exclusion were linked to microaggressive behaviour and subtle discrimination, where intersectionality, especially nationality, played a key role.
This study introduces a refined framework that considers language proficiency alongside authenticity and belongingness as factors in inclusion. It also highlights how subtle discrimination, perceived relatedness, and pressures to assimilate may affect employees’ sense of authenticity and belonging.Tämä opinnäytetyö tarkastelee tekijöitä, jotka vaikuttavat inkluusion kokemukseen Aalto-yliopiston työntekijöillä, joiden paikallisen kielen taito on rajallinen. Tutkimus on ajankohtainen, sillä maailman väestö muuttuu koko ajan kielellisesti monimuotoisemmaksi, mikä heijastuu myös työpaikoilla puhuttavien kielten määrään. Tämän lisäksi, kielellinen monimuotoisuus on edelleen yksi harvoista syrjinnän muodoista, johon ei liity organisaatiotasolla samanlaisia välittömiä ihmisoikeusseuraamuksia kuin esimerkiksi sukupuoleen tai etniseen taustaan liittyvään syrjintään (Back & Piekkari, 2024). Tämän takia inkluusion ja monimuotoisuuden ymmärtäminen organisaatioissa, kuten yliopistoissa, joissa kansainvälistyminen on keskeinen strateginen tavoite, on entistä tärkeämpää.
Tässä tutkimuksessa hyödynnetään Jansenin ym. (2014) inkluusioviitekehystä, joka painottaa yhteenkuuluvuuden ja aitouden kokemuksia. Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan, miten paikallinen kielitaito vaikuttaa koettuun inkluusioon työyhteisössä, ja miten muut identiteettiin liittyvät tekijät, kuten kansalaisuus, kulttuuritausta ja koettu samankaltaisuus, vaikuttavat kansainvälisten työntekijöiden inkluusiokokemukseen. Tutkimuskysymyksenä oli: "Mitkä tekijät vaikuttavat inkluusion kokemukseen työntekijöillä, joiden paikallisen kielen taito on rajallinen Aalto-yliopistossa?" Tutkimus on laadullinen tapaustutkimus ja toteutettiin haastattelemalla 14 kansainvälistä työntekijää, joilla oli vaihtelevat suomen kielen taidot. Kohdeorganisaationa toimi Aalto-yliopisto.
Tulokset osoittavat, että työntekijät voivat kokea inkluusiota, sekä hyvällä että heikolla paikallisen kielen taidolla, riippuen suuresti heidän työroolistaan. Palveluhenkilöstölle suomen kielen taito vahvisti yhteenkuuluvuuden tunnetta, kun taas akateeminen henkilökunta koki osallisuutta myös ilman kielitaitoa. Syrjäytymisen kokemukset liittyivät mikroaggressiiviseen käyttäytymiseen ja hienovaraiseen syrjintään, joissa intersektionaalisuudella, erityisesti kansallisuudella, oli merkittävä rooli.
Tämä tutkimus esittelee kehitetyn version inkluusioviitekehyksestä, joka aitouden ja yhteenkuuluvuuden lisäksi ottaa huomioon kielitaidon. Lisäksi se tuo esiin, miten hienovarainen syrjintä, samaistumisen tunteet ja sulautumisen paineet voivat vaikuttaa työntekijän aitouden ja yhteenkuuluvuuden kokemuksiin
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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