1,721,032 research outputs found
Tyrian purple in archaeological textiles: DMF extraction and recrystallization for the Raman identification of precursors and derivatives
No full textThe prized ancient dyestuff, Tyrian purple, has been extensively and widely studied by multiple spectroscopic and chromatographic methods alike. In this paper, an extraction method adopted by liquid chromatography by using N,N-dimethylformamide is proposed as a sample pre-treatment for the characterization of minor reference brominated and unsubstituted isatin and indirubin components by micro-Raman spectroscopy. The method has been validated for the identification of these constituents in accordance with HPLC PDA measurements on a series of Tyrian purple-dyed wool, silk and cotton textiles and in archaeological samples from the Roman period. It results specifically effective in cases when high-scattering dibromoindigoids are not revealed and when main indigoid spectral features, seemingly of plant origin, can only be reasonably hypothesized by conventional Raman. This method also innovatively highlights the possible presence of carotenoids and porphyrin-type copper and iron complexes, noted in marine molluscs, and potentially opening a new perspective to the current diagnostics of Tyrian purple through its biomarkers in the cultural heritage domain
THE IDENTIFICATION OF RED ORGANIC DYES IN TABLE PAINTING FROM GDAŃSK (SECOND HALF OF THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY)
No full textThe author presented the outcome of research relating to red organic dyes applied in table painting from Gdańsk during the second half of the fifteenth century. The investigations were based on fluid chromatography HPLC combined with UV-VIS spectrometry.
The results of the research demonstrated the use of a dye obtained from a plant from the Rubiaceae family, which in the majority of cases was madder (German: Krapp, Rubia tinctorium L.). Previous studies showed that the same plant was simultaneously employed for Polish table painting in Silesia. This particular type of dye brings the Gdańsk variety closer to the range of North-European tradition
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Identification des produits tinctoriaux de deux soieries médiévales à fond de losanges liserés et bandes de samit façonné
Full text linkVariations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Development of selective and complementary chromatographic methods for the characterisation of complex natural mixtures : application to the analysis of anthraquinoid dyestuffs from cultural heritage objects
No full textLe travail présenté constitue une contribution méthodologique dans la séparation des anthraquinoïdes par chromatographie en phase liquide à haute performance à polarité inversée de phases. Cette amélioration a pour but ultime une meilleure détectabilité et caractérisation des composés constituant les colorants anthraquinoniques présents dans les objets du patrimoine culturel.Une série de 40 composés témoins, représentant un large éventail des structures possibles d’anthraquinoïdes a été utilisée pour la modélisation du comportement chromatographique de cette famille de composés.La première partie de cette recherche présente une étude comparative des performances des phases stationnaires greffées alkyle (C18). Ces performances sont décrites par le nombre de paires critiques ainsi que la symétrie de pics. Tenant compte de la dispersion des symétries de pic des différents composés sur différentes phases stationnaires nous avons proposé un nouvel indice global, le paramètre de symétrie d(TF;1) qui nous a permis de classer la totalité de phases selon leurs performances, et trouver celles se montrant les plus satisfaisantes.Face à des faibles différences de sélectivités des phases greffées octadécyle. Nous avons décidé de mettre en jeu d’autres mécanismes de rétention des anthraquinoïdes offerts par les phases fonctionnalisées.Le potentiel séparatif de phases fonctionnalisées a été évalué comme pour les précédentes et les phases les plus performantes ont été désignées.La comparaison globale des différentes phases stationnaires, aussi bien celles greffées octadécyle que celles fonctionnalisées, a été faite avec le coefficient de pertinence de colonnes (CSc), paramètre permettant d’englober le nombre de paires critiques et la symétrie de pics d’une manière univoque. Les diagrammes obtenus par projection des points correspondant aux coordonnées : coefficient de symétrie (Sc) et coefficient de paires critiques (CPc) – ont permis de choisir les phases aux propriétés désirées.Les différences de sélectivités des phases stationnaires étudiées, nous ont conduit à examiner leur orthogonalité en vue de la construction de systèmes séparatifs bi-dimensionnels. En se basant sur le critère de la qualité de séparation, nous avons employé une méthode de calcul de distances minimales et les moyennes arithmétique et harmonique de ces distances permettant de décrire l’étendue et l’homogénéité de la dispersion des pics sur une surface 2D. Cette méthode à été comparée avec les méthodes, classiques ou récentes, d’évaluation de la dispersion. Cette nouvelle approche a démontré son applicabilité à l’évaluation de pouvoir séparatif des systèmes 2D.Le travail expérimental mené principalement sur les standards est enrichi par quelques applications concrètes aux échantillons de colorants trouves dans des textiles historiques.Les résultats de cette recherche sont directement transférables dans des laboratoires impliqués dans l’analyse des anthraquinoïdes dans le but de l’identification des sources des colorants utilisées dans les objets du patrimoine culturel, mais aussi dans la caractérisation de ces composés dans le cadre de la recherche phytochimique, phytopharmacologique et autres.This work contributes to the improvement in the separation of anthraquinoids by reversed phase high performance chromatography, the final target being setting down the detection limits and improving the characterisation of separated components of anthraquinoid dyes from the cultural heritage artefacts.A series of 40 standards representing large range of existing anthrquinoid structures was used for the modelling of chromatographic behaviour of that family of compounds.First part of that research show the comparative study of the performances of alkyl (C18) bonded stationary phases. These performances are expressed by number of critical pairs as well as by symmetry of peaks. Considering the dispersion of values of symmetry of various peaks on different stationary phases, we introduced a novel symmetry parameter d(TF;1), which allowed to range all stationary phases according to their “global” symmetry and to determine the most satisfactory ones.The selectivity of octadecyl bonded phases was little different each other, so it was decided to test the functionalised phases which could offer complementary retention mechanisms in the separation of anthraquinoid dyes in reversed phase systems.The separation efficiency of these phases was evaluated as before, and the most efficient phases were selected.The general comparison of all studied stationary phases, bonded with octadecyl and functionalised, was done with the column suitability coefficient (CSc), an univocal ranking parameter containing both descriptors: number of critical pairs and peaks’ symmetry. The diagrams obtained by projection of co-ordinates corresponding to the critical pairs’ coefficient (CPc) and symmetry coefficient (Sc) gives a choice of particular properties of phases.The different selectivity of several studied phases driven us to check out their orthogonality in the aim to built bi-dimensional separation systems. Using the separation efficiency criterion, we employed a minimal distances computation method as well as the arithmetic and harmonic means describing the extension and homogeneity of dispersion of peaks on 2D separation surface. This approach was compared with several other classical or recent methods of the evaluation of peak dispersion. It was demonstrated that our method is particularly useful in the comparison of separation power of 2D systems.The experimental work, mainly done with standards of anthraquinone derivatives, was illustrated by some applications to the real samples of dyestuffs found in historical textiles.The results of this research are directly transferable to the application laboratories involved in the analysis of anthraquinoids for the identification of sources of dyestuffs presents in cultural heritage artefacts, but also for their characterisation in phytochemistry, phytopharmacology and other research
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Red Lake in Silesian Paintings by the Master from 1486/1487
No full textThe article presents a precise definition of the types of
red lake and methods of their analysis.
The organic dye was examined with the help of highly
efficient liquid chromatography combined with spectrometry
in ultra violet and visible light (HPLC–DAD). The substrate
was identified predominantly with the application of instrumental
methods: X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and energy
dispersion X-ray analysis using an electronic micro–probe
(SEM-EDS).
The samples originated from paintings ascribed to a Silesian
workshop, which in 1486–1487 executed a retable for the
church of St. Peter and Paul in Strzegom. The anonymous
author was given the name of Master from 1486/1487. For
the sake of comparison the research also included samples
from The Offering of Christ in the Temple, a work by the
Nürnberg–based artist H. Pleydenwurff from the former
retable in the church of St. Elizabeth in Wroc³aw, dated as
1462.
The outcome of the investigations supplement knowledge
concerning the type of material used in mediaeval Silesian
painting, and constitutes a source of information useful for
a future and more precise distinction of the individual features
of Polish and European workshops of the period
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