1,720,994 research outputs found
Growth Performance and Nutrient Metabolism of Pasture-Finished Beef Steers and In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics of Pasture Forages in Continuous Cultures
Full text linkA 2-year grazing study was conducted to evaluate the growth performance, ruminal fermentation, carcass characteristics, and fatty acid compositions in subcutaneous adipose tissue of beef steers grazing tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Shreb.; TF) pastures without or with N fertilization. Nitrogen fertilization increased crude protein concentration of TF pasture and average daily gain of beef steers. Increase in total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia-N (NH3-N) concentrations were detected in steers grazing fertilized TF. In comparison with steers on feedlot, pasture-finished steers had greater proportions of cis-9, trans-11 CLA and C18:3 n-3, but lower n-6:n-3 ratio in adipose tissue.
In the first in vitro study using 2 energy supplements [corn or dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS)] and 4 pasture mixture forages [TF without or with N fertilizer (TF˗NF or TF+NF), TF-alfalfa mixture (TF+AF), and TF-birdsfoot trefoil mixture (TF+BT)], we found that corn supplementation increased total VFA and propionate concentrations, while DDGS supplementation decreased total VFA concentrations. Lower NH3-N concentration and methane (CH4) production were observed due to energy supplementation, in particular when corn grain was supplemented. Similar NH3-N:VFA ratios were detected in the cultures fed the TF+NF and the TF+BT. This result indicates that the TF+BT had similar fermentation efficiency on in vitro ruminal metabolism compared with the TF+NF.
The second in vitro study was performed to investigate the effects of grass-to-legume ratios of 3 different TF-legume mixed diets on in vitro fermentation characteristics in continuous cultures. Propionate concentration increased with the increasing of legume proportion in the mixed diets. The greatest propionate concentration was shown by cultures fed the TF+CM, while the TF+AF and the TF+BT maintained a similar propionate concentration. Increasing legume proportion in the forage diets also increased NH3-N concentration, but decreased CH4 production in the cultures. Further decrease of CH4 production was recorded when the TF+BT was fed to the cultures.
Overall results from the grazing study demonstrate that N fertilizer can improve nutrient quality of TF as well as growth performance of grazing steers, while the in vitro studies showed positive effects of grass-legume mixture diets on in vitro microbial metabolism by improving ruminal fermentation and reducing CH4 production
Improving Nutritive Value of Tropical Forages using Various Alkaline Treatments
No full textThis research was aimed to improve the nutritive value and in vitro digestibility of 8 tropical forages. Four alkaline treatments[without treatment, ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH),sodium hydroxide (NaOH), or urea] were applied to 5 tropical legumes (Albizia lebbek, Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena leucocephala, Leucaena leucocephala × L. pallida (cv. KX2),and Tipuana tipu) and 3 tropical grasses (Panicum maximum,Setaria sphacelata, and Hordeum sp. straw) in a 8×4 factorial design. About 250 g chopped fresh or air-dry (55°C)forages were placed in air-tight double-layered polyethylene bags. The NH4OH and urea treatments were applied at concentrations which equivalent amounts of N at 4% of DM sample, while the NaOH treatment was 3% of DM of sample. All samples were incubated at 21°C for 14 days. To determine the digestibility of forages, all treated samples were incubated for 48 h in a two-stage in vitro system. The NH4OH and urea treatments increased CP concentration of legumes by 4.9 and 12.1% units, and of grasses by 5.4 and 12.1% units, (p<0.05), while no effects on CP concentration was detected due to NaOH treatments. Although alkaline treatments decreased NDF concentration of grasses and increased that of
legumes (p<0.05), there were no effects on the in vitro digestibility
Effects of Methionine-Cysteine Amino Acid Supplementations in the Aflatoxin B1 Contaminated Diet on Broiler Production Performance
Full text linkThis research aimed to observe the interaction of methionine-cysteine amino acid supplementation to decrease the effect of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on diet against production performance of broiler chicken. A number of 240 mixed sex broiler chickens were treated in 9 treatments by factorial design 3 x 3 with methionine-cysteine amino acid (M+C) (75,100, dan 125%) factors and AFB1 levels (0, 200, dan 400 ppb). Variables observed were: Weight gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The results showed that increased AFB1 content in diet from 0 to 400 ppb increased chicken body weight (P <0.05) in each age group. The high body weight was balanced with high feed consumption along with increased nutrient needs, mainly sulfuric amino acid (M+C) as the precursor of glutathione to eliminate toxic through conjugation reactions. The interaction effect was firstly occurred between M + C and AFB1 treatment (P <0.05). Meanwhile increased supplementation of M + C from 75 to 125% caused decreased feed consumption in each age group of chickens, but increased AFB1 levels further increased feed consumption (P<0.05). The interaction effect between the level of M + C and AFB1 contamination in diets on feed consumption were seen in 21-day-old chickens (P<0.05). FCR was also increased (P <0.05) with the reduction of M + C content in diet at 7 days old. The effect of AFB1 on diet and interaction between M + C and AFB1 on chicken FCR in this study was not significant in all age groups. It can be concluded from the current study that supplying methionine-cystine amino acid with 75, 100 and 125% in AFB1 contaminated diet of 0, 200 and 400 ppb improves the performance of broiler chicken production
Kajian Produksi Aflatoksin B1 Kasar dari Isolat Kapang Aspergillus Flavus Lokal pada Media Jagung dan Jagung+Kacang Tanah
Full text linkAflatoxin, which known as toxigenic compound, is a secondary metabolite produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. Aflatoxin is found in both food and feed stuffs, such as: corn and peanut. Aflatoxin standard is needed in every research of aflatoxin contamination. But it is rather difficult to get. It is imported, high costs, and take times. The aim of the research is to assess the potential local isolate of A. flavus to producing aflatoxin that can be used to be the alternative aflatoxin standard. Local mold of A. flavus FNCC 6122 and FNCC 6109 are got from PAU University of Gadjah Mada. Isolate was enriched on PDA medium for 5 days and move to corn medium of corn+peanut combine medium for 10-15 day at 25ºC. The variables was the content of AFB1 by ELISA test. The result is shown that isolat FNCC 6122 produced higher AFB1 than isolate FNCC 6109. The combine of corn and peanut medium stimulated FNCC 6122 to produce higher AFB1 and has potency to be the candidate of standard aflatoxin. In conclusion, the peanut addition on the medium would initiate increasing of the aflatoksin B1 level
Chemical Composition and In Sacco Degradation of Fish Waste Meal as Alternative Protein Feed Source
No full textThis study was done to evaluate chemical composition and in sacco degradability of fish waste meal. Fresh fish (Congresox talabon) waste meal used in this study was collected from fish crackers industries of Indramayu, West Java. Fresh fish waste samples were dried and ground prior to be analyzed. The sample was analyzed for chemicals composition (dry matter, ash, crude protein, crude fiber, and crude fat) and incubated using nylon bag technique in 2 rumen fistulated Bali cattle to determine its dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein degradability. The results showed that fish waste meal contains a high level of crude protein (56.4%), fat (13.1%), and ash (27.3%), which showed its potency as protein and mineral source. The in sacco data showed that DM, OM, and CP degradations were similar or slightly higher than a+b fraction (49.6, 55.5, and 54.7% vs. 49.6, 55.7, and 57.5%, respectively), which imply that fish waste meal was optimally degraded in the rumen
Nutrients Quality of Fermented Complete Feed Based on By-Product of Sago (Metroxylon sp.) and Cassava (Mannihot esculenta Cranz)
No full textSago (Metroxylon sp.) was grown in the tropics and well-adapted on peat and swampy soil (Melling et al., 2005).
The largest supply of sago comes from the South East Asia, particularly Indonesia and Malaysia. The trunk of sago
tree may reach 3 to 5 cm in diameter at 24 months and may grow until 20 m tall (Bintoro et al., 2010). The main
product of sago is the starch, which is extracted from the spongy center of sago’s trunk and produced sago dregs
as the by-product. Another by-product from sago is the leaves. In the past, sago leaves were commonly used to
make roof, but nowadays people do not use sago roof anymore, thus the leaves were throw away and considered
as waste. Cassava (Mannihot esculenta Cranz) is another main agricultural product in Indonesia. Cassava mainly planted for its tuber, and left the leaves as by-product. Cassava tuber is a good energy source, while the leaves contain high
crude protein (CP) which is ranged from 20 to 36% (Askar, 1996). Leaves of sago and cassava may be used as
fiber sources in ruminant feeding, while sago dregs and cassava tuber can used as energy source. Cassava (Mannihot esculenta Cranz) is another main agricultural product in Indonesia. Cassava mainly planted for its tuber, and left the leaves as by-product. Cassava tuber is a good energy source, while the leaves contain high crude protein (CP) which is ranged from 20 to 36% (Askar, 1996). Leaves of sago and cassava may be used as fiber sources in ruminant feeding, while sago dregs and cassava tuber can used as energy sourc
Pengaruh Pemberian Asam Amino Metionin-Sistin Pada Pakan Yang Terkontaminasi Aflatoxin B1 Terhadap Mortalitas Dan Kinerja Organ Dalam Ayam Broiler
Full text linkKondisi iklim di Indonesia dengan suhu dan kelembapan yang tinggi merupakan kondisi optimal bagi perkembangan jamur Aspergillus flavus penghasil toksin alflatoksin. Aflatoksin dapat menurunkan produktivitas ternak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek penambahan asam amino metionin-sistin untuk menurunkan efek toksin dari aflatoksin B1 (AFB1) pada pakan ayam broiler terhadap mortalitas dan kinerja organ dalam ayam broiler. Sebanyak 240 ekor ayam broiler mixed sex diteliti dengan 9 macam perlakuan dengan pola rancangan faktorial 3×3 dengan faktor kadar asam amino metionin-sistin (75,100, dan 125%) dan kadar AFB1 (0, 200, dan 400 ppb). Variabel yang diamati adalah bobot karkas, mortalitas, bobot hati dan bobot bursa fabrisius. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan interaksi tidak terjadi bobot relatif hati, bobot relatif bursa fabrisius, bobot relatif karkas. Mortalitas tertinggi terjadi pada perlakuan T3 (M+C 125% dan AFB1 0 ppb). Kombinasi pemberian asam amino metionin-sistin sebesar 75, 100, dan 125% serta AFB1 0, 200 dan 400 ppb yang dikonsumsi ayam broiler, belum mampu memperbaiki kinerja organ dalam ayam broiler
In Vitro Digestibility of Fermented Rice (Oryza sativa) Straw and Cassava (Manihot utilissima) Leaves Basal Feed Supplemented with Cassava Tuber
No full textThis study was done to determine the in vitro digestibility of basal feed consisted of fermented rice (Oryza sativa) straw and cassava (Manihot utilissima) leaves supplemented with various levels of cassava tuber. Fermented rice straw was made by mixing 4 kg urea and 1 kg Starbio® into 2000 kg freshly harvested rice straw. As dietary treatments, fermented rice straw was mixed with 15% cassava leaves and added with cassava tuber in various levels (0, 5, 10, or 15%). All the dietary treatment samples then incubated for 48 h according to 2-stage in vitro technique. Results showed that the in vitro digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein were increased by the increasing level of cassava tuber added (P<0.05), with the greatest digestibilities on the 15% cassava tuber supplementation (41.2, 57.1, and 47.4%, respectively; P<0.05). No significant effects were detected on pH of rumen culture due to cassava tuber supplementation. It can be concluded that supplementing feed consists of fermented rice straw and 15% cassava leaves with cassava tuber can improve its nutrient quality without giving negative effects on the rumen pH
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