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Police Officer Wellness: Associated Factors and the Development and Evaluation of a Training Program
Get PDFLaw enforcement officers are routinely exposed to stressful events and work strains that can have detrimental effects on their personal health and job performance. Three mixed-methods studies were conducted to further understanding of stress and wellness issues among police officers and to augment their training in police-community relations. Study 1 utilized a cross-sectional survey to assess the prevalence and correlates of wellness issues among a large police department’s uniformed officers and civilian employees. Focal attention was given to perceived organizational support and perceived community support as moderators of the relationship between work stress and wellbeing. Studies 2 and 3 involved the design, implementation, and evaluation of an innovative 40-hour procedural justice and officer wellness training program. Using a waitlist-control comparison group, 42 patrol officers were randomly assigned to either the training or a waitlist condition. The training program was developed by a team of police officers and university researchers, under the auspices of the police department’s Chief of Police and command staff. Study 2 assessed the acceptability and uptake of the training by attending officers, with in-person assessments throughout training. Study 3 involved repeated measures questionnaires to evaluate the immediate (post-training) and follow-up (4-month) efficacy of the training program, assessing multiple wellness and procedural justice criteria. Results from Study 1 highlight the importance of organizational support as a moderator of the work stress-wellness relation. While the training was deemed valuable by its participants in Study 2, evidence regarding its effectiveness in improving wellness is severely limited due to low participation in the Study 3 assessments. Information gleaned from the project can serve to inform conceptualizations of officer wellness, future officer wellness interventions, and future training evaluation research in the context of policing
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Ethnic Differences in the Predictors of Intimate Partner Violence
Get PDFThe proposed study aimed to identify ethnic differences in how witnessing parental violence, masculine gender role strain (MGRS), and anger disposition are associated with the perpetration of male-to-female intimate partner violence (IPV). A conditional process model to account for the intergenerational transmission of IPV through MGRS (mediator) is tested. A multicultural convenience sample of 225 Asian American, Latino American, and White men from a diverse university in southern California completed the online “Men’s Experiences Survey.” Results indicated that witnessing parental violence was a significant predictor of IPV in Asian men, but not among those of other ethnicities. Anger disposition was a significant predictor of IPV for Latino men, but not others when adjusting for covariates. No significant predictors emerged for the White sample. Anger disposition emerged as a significant moderator for the conditional process model of the intergenerational transmission of IPV, but no support was found for mediation in the model. Implications of the study’s findings, limitations related to measured levels of IPV in this sample, and future directions for similar lines of research are discussed
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Rumination, Revenge, and Forgiveness: Associations with Aggression and Life Satisfaction
Get PDFAnger is a strong driver of aggressive behavior. Rumination about anger experiences disrupts recovery to a less angry state and increases the likelihood of aggression. Whether rumination contributes to aggressive behavior beyond its influence on angry affect is unclear. Various measures of anger rumination contain revenge planning as a theme, the relevance of which has received insufficient attention in accounting for aggressive behavior. This study separately analyzed revenge planning from anger rumination that did not contain elements of revenge. Anger rumination (without revenge) was not significantly associated with self-reported physical or verbal aggression, while revenge planning was positively associated, controlling for gender and anger disposition. In contrast, anger rumination, but not revenge planning, was inversely related to life satisfaction, controlling for subjective social status, anxiety, depression, and anger disposition. The disposition to forgive oneself and others are also examined as explanatory variables inversely related to rumination and vengeance seeking. The relevance of these findings for violence risk assessment, anger treatment, and future research on anger rumination are discussed
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Violence Risk: Anger Rumination’s Association with Pre- and Post-Hospitalization Violence
Get PDFAnger rumination has not been well examined with regard to violence risk. It is a common sequel to anger experiences, and it likely facilitates imagined violence; however, no previous study has examined that interrelationship. The current study investigates anger rumination as a possible mechanism through which anger is related to violent behavior in a secondary analysis of data from the MacArthur Violence Risk study, which was conducted with 1,136 civil commitment patients, before and after hospital discharge. Anger proclivity was assessed via BPRS hostility, anger rumination was measured using items of the Novaco Anger Scale, and imagined violence was measured with the Schedule of Imagined Violence. Violence, pre-hospitalization and post-hospitalization, was indexed by the MacArthur project measure. Correlational analyses, mediation analyses, and moderated mediation analyses were conducted. Anger rumination significantly predicted pre- and post-hospitalization violence, when controlling for age, sex, race, child abuse, and anger proclivity, and partially mediated the relation between anger proclivity and violence. Imagined violence and anger rumination were also highly inter-related. When imagined violence was added to the model, it was a significant predictor of pre-hospitalization violence, however, it did not moderate the association of anger rumination with pre- or post-hospitalization violence. Anger rumination may be a mechanism through which anger incites violent behavior. Future research should investigate the association between anger rumination and imagined violence, with attention given to revenge planning as a link
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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