1,721,065 research outputs found
Method report of the second update of the guidelines on long-term opioid therapy for chronic noncancer pain
No full textClinical practice guideline: Mechanical ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in acute respiratory insufficiency
No full textVoluntarily stopping eating and drinking (VSED): A systematic mixed-methods review focusing on the carers’ experiences
No full textClinical Guideline for Treating Acute Respiratory Insufficiency with Invasive Ventilation and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Evidence-Based Recommendations for Choosing Modes and Setting Parameters of Mechanical Ventilation
No full textFor patients with acute respiratory insufficiency, mechanical (“invasive”) ventilation is a fundamental therapeutic measure to ensure sufficient gas exchange. Despite decades of strong research efforts, central questions on mechanical ventilation therapy are still answered incompletely. Therefore, many different ventilation modes and settings have been used in daily clinical practice without scientifically sound bases. At the same time, implementation of the few evidence-based therapeutic concepts (e.g., “lung protective ventilation”) into clinical practice is still insufficient. The aim of our guideline project “Mechanical ventilation and extracorporeal gas exchange in acute respiratory insufficiency” was to develop an evidence-based decision aid for treating patients with and on mechanical ventilation. It covers the whole pathway of invasively ventilated patients (including indications of mechanical ventilation, ventilator settings, additional and rescue therapies, and liberation from mechanical ventilation). To assess the quality of scientific evidence and subsequently derive recommendations, we applied the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation method. For the first time, using this globally accepted methodological standard, our guideline contains recommendations on mechanical ventilation therapy not only for acute respiratory distress syndrome patients but also for all types of acute respiratory insufficiency. This review presents the two main chapters of the guideline on choosing the mode of mechanical ventilation and setting its parameters. The guideline group aimed that – by thorough implementation of the recommendations – critical care teams may further improve the quality of care for patients suffering from acute respiratory insufficiency. By identifying relevant gaps of scientific evidence, the guideline group intended to support the development of important research projects
Digitalisation of the guideline registry of the Association of Scientific Medical Societies in Germany for an open, guideline-based, trustworthy evidence ecosystem (Dissolve-E): a protocol of a before–after study with different user groups
No full textIntroduction Internationally, the vision of a ‘Digital Trustworthy Evidence Ecosystem’ is being pursued with clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) as one element of such a system. Consequently, CPGs and CPG repositories need to be digitalised. Methods and analysis The objective of this prospective, before-after study is to evaluate the impact of digitalising a quality-assured CPG registry using the international data format standard ‘Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources’ (FHIR). This includes the architecture of the registry, the format of individual guidelines and application programming interfaces to import and export CPG content. The study is guided by a scoping review. The primary outcome is the usability of the digitalised CPG registry and CPG content for different user groups comprising CPG developers, CPG administrators, health care professionals and patients—including at the point of care in in- and outpatient settings—and technical professionals as users of CPG content in digital applications. For the before-after comparison, semi-quantitative (surveys) and qualitative (focus groups) methods are applied. All user groups will be involved in a baseline analysis to assess user expectations and technical requirements. According to the results, the digitalised guideline registry will be implemented. The intervention comprises the testing of the digitalised registry with guideline content by all user groups. Analysis of outcomes will include formative and summative evaluation. Final results and further research needs will be discussed in a World Café with all stakeholders. Ethics and dissemination The Ethics Committee of the Berlin chamber of physicians, in accordance with its code of conduct §15 section 1 (Eth-KB-24-11) confirmed that no ethical approval is needed for this study. The study is registered in the German Clinical Trials Registry (No: DRKS00034111). Results will be presented at national and international conferences, published in peer-reviewed journals and on the website of the funding institution. Trial registration number German Clinical Trials Registry (No: DRKS00034111).Innovation Committee of the Federal Joint Committe
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
A comparison and evaluation of international guidelines on the treatment of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection
No full textVariations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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