1,720,964 research outputs found
Reliance on functional resting-state network for stable task control predicts behavioral tendency for cooperation
No full textHumans display individual variability in cooperative behavior. While an ever-growing body of research has investigated the neural correlates of task-specific cooperation, the mechanisms by which situation-independent, stable differences in cooperation render behavior consistent across a wide range of situations remain elusive. Addressing this issue, we show that the individual tendency to behave in a prosocial or individualistic manner can be predicted from the functional resting-state connectome. More specifically, connections of the cinguloopercular network which supports goal-directed behavior encode cooperative tendency. Effects of virtual lesions to this network on the efficacy of information exchange throughout the brain corroborate our findings. These results shed light on the neural mechanisms underlying individualists' and prosocials' habitual social decisions by showing that reliance on the cinguloopercular task-control network predicts stable cooperative behavior. Based on this evidence, we provide a unifying framework for the interpretation of functional imaging and behavioral studies of cooperative behavior. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
How Magnitudes are processed in the Brain: An Imaging and Behavioral Approach
No full textGetallen zijn niet weg te denken uit ons dagelijks leven. Binnen de cognitieve wetenschappen is de numerieke cognitie een snel uitbreidend onderzoeksdomein waarbinnen onderzocht wordt hoe getallen verwerkt worden. Deze uitbreiding heeft geresulteerd in een betere wetenschap van hoe getallen verwerkt worden, zowel op gedragsmatig als neuronaal niveau. Hoewel, tesamen met deze nieuwe inzichten zijn er een aantal belangrijke onbeantwoorde vragen in het vizier gekomen. Dit doctoraat heeft geprobeerd om op een aantal van deze vragen een antwoord te bieden door gebruik te maken van zowel gedragsonderzoek als hersenscanonderzoek. Binnen dit doctoraat stonden twee onderzoeksvragen centraal. Ten eerste hebben we geprobeerd een beter inzicht te verwerven in hoe getallen op neuronaal niveau gerepresenteerd worden en hoe we deze bevindingen kunnen relateren aan een gelijkaardige bevinding op gedragsniveau, namelijk het priming distance effect. Dit effect verwijst naar de observatie dat getallen (bvb. 1) sneller verwerkt kunnen worden wanneer zij voorafgegaan worden door nabijgelegen getallen (bvb. 2) in vergelijking met getallen die er numeriek verder af liggen (bvb. 5). Ten tweede hebben we onderzocht wat de eigenschappen zijn van de magnitude representatie van de linker en rechter hemisfeer en of kleine en grote symbolische getallen op een gelijkaardige manier gerepresenteerd worden in beide hemisferen. Wanneer we de resultaten van de verschillende studies samenvoegen, kunnen we suggereren dat nabijgelegen getallen een gelijkaardige neuronale code hebben, wat volgens ons aan de basis ligt van het gedragsmatige priming distance effect. Daarenboven suggereren de resultaten dat de linker hemisfeer gekenmerkt wordt door een iets exactere magnitude representatie en dat deze hemisfeer gespecialiseerd is in het verwerken van culturele, symbolische getallen zoals Arabische cijfers en woordgetallen. Bijkomend bieden de resultaten evidentie voor het idee dat grote getallen iets vager gerepresenteerd zijn in vergelijking met kleine getallen.status: Publishe
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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