196,718 research outputs found
Advanced treatment and disinfection for municipal wastewater reuse in agriculture
No full textIn a 3-year joint research project, approved in 1995 by the European Commission, methods for advanced treatment and disinfection of municipal wastewater to permit reuse in agriculture were investigated. Pathogen inactivation, disinfection by-products (DBP) formation and the cost effectiveness of disinfection methods involving UV rays, ozone (O-3) and peracetic acid (PAA were evaluated. The investigation was carried out on municipal effluents which had received different degrees of treatment (secondary, clarified, clarified-filtered) in a 100 m(3)/h pilot plant that was designed, built and operated at West Bari (S. Italy) municipal wastewater treatment plant. Under the experimental conditions investigated, the WHO microbial guideline for unrestricted reuse of wastewater in agriculture (1,000 CFU/100ml for Faecal Coliforms) was easily achieved with all three disinfectants, while the corresponding Italian standard (2 CFU/100ml) was effectively met only with UV at an O&M cost in the range 17.5-35 EURO/1000m(3). Log-inactivation values greater than or equal to 5 for both UV and PAA and greater than or equal to 3 for O-3 were obtained; selected pathogens were affected by UV and, in part, by O-3. No DBPs were detected with UV and PAA, while limited formation of aldehydes was found with O-3
Advanced treatment for municipal wastewater reuse in agriculture. UV disinfection: parasite removal and by-product formation
No full textThis paper reports the experimental results of a pilot-scale (100 mVh) investigation, carded out at the West Bari
(S. Italy) municipal wastewater treatment plant, focused on parasite removal and disinfection by-product (DBP)
formation during the UV disinfection of clarified (CL) and clarified-filtered (F) secondary municipal effluents at
doses necessary for achieving the Italian microbial limit for unrestricted reuse ofwastewater in agriculture (2 CFU/
100ml of total coliforms). The investigation demonstrated that parasites like Giardia lamblia cysts and
Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts were both significantly affected by UV radiation and that potential UV-promoted
formation of DBPs (nitro-phenols and N-nitroso-amines) did not occur according to GC/MS and LC/MS analytical
evidences. O&M costs ranged from ~ 17.5 up to E 35/1000 m 3 for effluent F and CL respectively
Streamlining LCA as a tool to evaluate the sustainability of commodities production processes
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Clean up of heavy hydrocarbons contaminated groundwater by oil belt skimmer technology
No full textThe oil belt skimmer consists of a continuously moving belt that runs on a pulley system driven by an electric motor. Typically, belt skimmers remove very little water with the contaminant. Taking into account this consideration, the objective of our work was to verify the applicability of oil belt skimmer technology for the remediation of a groundwater polluted by heavy hydrocarbons. For this purpose, two fields of study were addressed: (i) hydrodynamic study of supernatant layer and (ii) study of the oil belt skimmer plant. The obtained results showed the feasibility of the oil belt skimmer technology in recovering oil from groundwater with a recovery efficiency of 98%. Furthermore, results showed how the recovery of oil depends primarily on the amount of emulsion (water + oil) existing initially. Considering full-scale experimentations, they showed that, after 1 year of trial, the recovery percentage were 75%, 84% and 87% for the skimmers installed in correspondence of carwash, fuel tank and repair shop (pollutions sources), respectively. Moreover, the recovery capacity of the skimmer depends on the rainfall pattern and the max recovery capacities have always occurred after intense and short rain. Still, the recovery capacity depends also on the fluctuation of groundwater in turn influenced by the sea. Although the percentage of recovery of the pump and treat was greater than in the case of the oil belt skimmer, the investigated technology allow to reduce the amount of waste to be disposed respect to the pump and treat technology. Therefore, the oil belt skimmer represents an excellent alternative for the remediation of contaminated groundwater
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