1,720,983 research outputs found
Cultural Assumptions that Influence the Implementation of Communication Technologies’, Paper presented at IAMCR
No full textThe authors describe the role that cultural assumptions play in the transfer of new communication technologies between the West and third world countries. They contrast Great Britain, West Germany, and India on five value orientations along which cultures vary: regard for human nature, relationship of man to nature, time orientation, orientation towards activity, and types of relations between people. Pointing out the widely differing assumptions in implementation research in the West and the third world, the authors argue that successful transfer of communication technologies depends upon a match between the cultural values of the third world country implementing the technology and the assumptions inherent in the technology itself and the implementation process for that technology. Noshir S Contractor and Arvind Singhal are doctoral students and Peter R Monge and Janet Fulk are Professor and Associate Professor respectively at the Annenberg School of Communications, University of Southern California, Los AngeJes, California. The authors wish to thank Ms. Vicki Leong for providing some of the resource material used in this paper. A substantial body of research in the West studies the implementation of new information technologies in organizations. As with other aspects of organizational behaviour, many of the theories and models developed were primarily for organizations in western cultures. Crossnational studies of management and organization have provided evidence that much of the research conducted in the West is not generalizable across different forms of economic and cultural systems. In this paper we argue that the cultural determinants of the implementation process are particularly important when studying organizations in the third world
Teori Teori Organisasi
No full textKOMUNIKASI ORGANISASI
MATERI INI MEMAPARKAN TEORI-TORI ORGANISASSI YANG MELIPUTI :
1. Struktur, Bentuk dan Fungsi Organisasi
Teori Birokrasi Organisasi : Max Weber
Teori Informasi Orgnisasi : Karl Weick
Teori koorientasi Organisasi : James Taylor
Teori Jaringan : Peter R. Monge dan Noshir S. Contractor;
Teori Strukturasi : Anthony Giddens
Teori Strukturasi Organisasi: Marshall Scott Poole dan Robert D. McPhe
The Effects of Diversity and Network Ties on Innovations: The Emergence of a New Scientific Field
No full textAbstract This study examines the influence of different types of diversity, both observable and unobservable, on the creation of innovative ideas. Our framework draws on theory and research on information processing, social categorization, coordination, and homophily to posit the influence of cognitive, gender, and country diversity on innovation. Our longitudinal model is based on a unique data set of 1,354 researchers who helped create the new scientific field of oncofertility, by collaborating on 469 publications over a 4-year period. We capture the differences among researchers along cognitive, country, and gender dimensions, as well as examine how the resulting diversity or homophily influences the formation of collaborative innovation networks. We find that innovation, operationalized as publishing in a new scientific discipline, benefits from both homophily and diversity. Homophily in country of residence and working with prior collaborators help reduce uncertainty in the interactions associated with innovation, while diversity in knowledge enables the recombinant knowledge required for innovation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
IKNOW: A Tool to Assist and Study the Creation, Maintenance, and Dissolution of Knowledge Networks
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