1,720,999 research outputs found
In planta produced virus-like particles as candidate vaccines
No full textPlants are promising biotechnological tools for the production of pharmaceutical proteins and vaccines due to their advantages in terms of costs, feasibility and scalability of production. Among biopharmaceuticals, virus-like particles (VLPs) composed of single or multiple virus proteins with self-assembly capacity represent one of the most attractive systems of antigen production in plants. This is due to the potent immunogenic capacity and safety of VLPs which might be used as plant-made vaccines against various human and animal diseases. Furthermore, VLPs do not require long purification steps and the cold chain, which are limiting factors in the production of conventional vaccines. These characteristics allow VLPs to compete as ideal alternative candidate vaccines, either as simple products or as more complex platforms to carry heterologous immunogenic sequences on their surfaces. In this chapter, we report the progress on the production of VLPs of four well-defined human/animal viruses (Papillomaviruses, Hepatitis B virus, Human immunodeficiency virus 1 and Influenza A virus) in plants
Il silenziamento dell’RNA nell’interazione pianta-virus
No full textPrefazione Il testo di Patologia Vegetale Molecolare, scritto da più di 70 autori e coordina- to da Massimo Reverberi, Lorenzo Covarelli, Michelina Ruocco e Luca Sella, rappresenta un affresco attuale delle conoscenze sull’interazione pianta-pato- geno, sulla biologia dei principali patogeni vegetali, sugli approcci sostenibili alla lotta contro le fitopatie, fino agli aspetti diagnostici molecolari più inno- vativi. Il testo si presenta diviso in 6 sezioni, in cui le prime 3 approfondiscono rispettivamente aspetti molecolari e cellulari di virus e viroidi (sezione 1), fi- toplasmi e batteri (sezione 2), oomiceti e funghi (sezione 3), mentre la quarta sezione è interamente dedicata alle interazioni molecolari pianta-patogeno e ambiente, con un focus particolare sulle principali reazioni difensive del- la pianta, locali e sistemiche, sia ai patogeni che ai principali stress abiotici. Nella quinta sezione si affrontano i temi più legati alla difesa sostenibile e allo sviluppo di innovazione nel controllo delle fitopatie (es. genome editing), mentre la sesta riporta un’ampia rassegna delle metodologie più recenti per la diagnosi delle principali fitopatie. Il libro è un testo unico nel suo genere, composto da 37 capitoli, ciascuno dei quali è stato concepito e scritto dai principali esperti dello specifico am- bito trattato, e cerca di rappresentare al meglio tutti gli aspetti della ricerca italiana nel settore dell’interazione pianta-patogeno ed in generale della Pato- logia Vegeta
Tomato
No full textTomato is one of the most significant and extensively cultivated horticultural crops worldwide. Due to its genetical inheritance, this crop is particularly prone to viral diseases that cause new emergencies. In this chapter, we will outline four of the most destructive viruses, which are assigned as European Plant Protection Organization quarantine pathogens, i.e., tomato spotted wilt virus, tomato mosaic virus, tomato brown rugose fruit virus, and pepino mosaic virus. In detail, we will depict their genome organization, geographical distribution, impact on yield, symptomatology, transmission modes, detection methods, and management of the diseases they cause
No Evidence for Seed Transmission of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Sardinia Virus in Tomato
Full text linkSeed transmission is an important factor in the epidemiology of plant pathogens. Geminiviruses are serious pests spread in tropical and subtropical regions. They are transmitted by hemipteran insects, but a few cases of transmission through seeds were recently reported. Here, we investigated the tomato seed transmissibility of the begomovirus tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSV), one of the agents inducing the tomato yellow leaf curl disease, heavily affecting tomato crops in the Mediterranean area. None of the 180 seedlings originating from TYLCSV-infected plants showed any phenotypic alteration typical of virus infection. Moreover, whole viral genomic molecules could not be detected in their cotyledons and true leaves, neither by membrane hybridization nor by rolling-circle amplification followed by PCR, indicating that TYLCSV is not a seed-transmissible pathogen for tomato. Examining the localization of TYLCSV DNA in progenitor plants, we detected the virus genome by PCR in all vegetative and reproductive tissues, but viral genomic and replicative forms were found only in leaves, flowers and fruit flesh, not in seeds and embryos. Closer investigations allowed us to discover for the first time that these embryos were superficially contaminated by TYLCSV DNA but whole genomic molecules were not detectable. Therefore, the inability of TYLCSV genomic molecules to colonize tomato embryos during infection justifies the lack of seed transmissibility observed in this host
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae causes bacterial canker on Japanese quince (Chaenomeles japonica)
Full text linkJapanese quince trees are grown as ornamental plants in Iran, in parks and in orchards close to stone fruit and pome fruit trees. Shoots of Japanese quince (Chaenomeles japonica) showing sunken brown canker symptoms were observed and collected near Sari, the center of Mazandaran province in the North of Iran, during the 2016 growing season. Gram negative bacteria isolated from symptomatic tissues were similar to Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Pss) were pathogenic on Japanese quince and on quince (Cydonia oblonga) seedlings after artificial inoculation, and were re-isolated from diseased hosts. Phylogenetic tree construction using partial sequences of ITS and rpoD genes showed that the Japanese quince isolates were in the same clade as Pss strains. The isolates had ice nucleation activity, and the InaK gene was amplified successfully. According to the results of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, genomic DNA fingerprinting using REP-PCR, BOX-PCR and IS50-PCR and isolation of total cell proteins, we conclude that Pss is the causal agent of canker of the Japanese quince trees. Therefore, Japanese quince is a new host for Pss causing bacterial canker on many different host plants
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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