4,788 research outputs found
Penunjuk hari / Rozi Ibrahim and Noraini Akuan
No full textPenunjuk Hari adalah satu alat yang di reka semata-mata untuk kemudahan pengguna,dimana ia boleh memaparkan hari-hari di dalara seminggu. Masukan litar ini merupakan denyut yang dihasilkan oleh litar denyut sehari secara •manual'atau automatik sebaik sahaja hari bertuka
Industrial strategies and policies in Malaysia since 1959: A case study of manufacturing sector / Noraini Ibrahim
No full textThe major industrial policies in malaysia are tariffs, fiscal incentives and industrial estates. The two main
pillars on which malaysia industrial strategy is based are tariffs and fiscal incentives. These two instruments have been used to stimulate the growth of manufacturing sector, even though there has been considerable controversy in regard to their effectiveness. Nevertheless, tariffs and fiscal incentives were equally used in malaysian industrial strategy in order to hasten the development of manufacturing activity. Another major
problem in the development of industrial activities in malaysia was the consentration of activity in a few
developed states. One of the difficult tasks of industrial planning is to direct industrial activity into less developed states thus aiming to redress uneven regional development. To achieve this aim, industrial estates were used as an instrument of regional development. This chapter, assesses some of the impact of these major industrial policies, perticularly fiscal incentives, tariff protection and industrial estates
The effectiveness of using bingo games in developing year 3 students' vocabulary in SK Sapintas, Sabak Bernam / Noraini Ibrahim
No full textVocabulary is a main component in learning English. Learning vocabulary has become a basic need when encountering a new language. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of using bingo games to develop students’ vocabulary. The population sample of the study involved 25 students from Year 3 SK Sapintas, SabakBemam. The data was collected using pre and post test, which are the two main research instruments. Next, the data was analyzed and presented in table and chart form. The findings of the study indicated that the students’ result increased after the treatment of using bingo game. 23 out of 25 students showed improvement meanwhile 2 out of 25 students did not show any improvement based on several factors. These findings implied that games can help students to improve their language learning process. In the future teachers should create and add more educational games to help students master the English language in a more fun and meaningful way
Rubaies of İbrahim Aczî kendî (The last 180 rubaies)
No full text1881-1965 yılları arasında Konya'da yaşayan İbrahim Aczî Kendî, Konya'nın XX. yüzyılda yetiştirdiği önemli şair, gazeteci, araştırmacı, yazar, mutasavvıf ve folklorculardandır. Konya'da öğretmenlik yapan İbrahim Aczî Kendî, Arapça ve Farsça öğrenerek kendini geliştirmiş, tasavvuf, edebiyat ve tarihle ilgili kitaplar hazırlamıştır. İbrahim Aczî Kendî'nin bizzat kendisinin kaleme aldığı, tek nüshası Yusuf Ağa Kütüphanesinde 10465/1 numara ile kayıtlı olan Devr-i Zaman adlı eseri, 360 Farsça rubâî ve bu rubâîlerin Osmanlı Türkçesiyle yazılmış açıklamalarından oluşmaktadır. Bu çalışmada İbrahim Aczî Kendî'nin hayatı incelenmiş, Devr-i Zaman adlı eserinde bulunan 360 rubâînin son 180 tanesi çalışılmıştır. Her bir rubâînin Farsça ana metinleri bilgisayar ortamına aktarılmış, bazen sadece tercüme, bazen de çeşitli açıklamalar içeren Osmanlı Türkçesiyle yazılan kısımlar ise latin harfleriyle aktarılmıştır. İbrahim Aczî Kendî, bu çalışmada ele alınan rubâîlerinde, genellikle ilahi aşk, toplumsal ahlâk, zamandan şikâyet, riya ve kibirden uzak durmanın gerekliliği gibi birçok konuya değinmiştir.İbrahim Aczî Kendî who lived the years between 1881 and 1965 in Konya is an important poet, a journalist, an investigate author, a mystic and a folklorist who raised by Konya in 20th century. İbrahim Aczî Kendi, worked as a tutor in Konya, improved himself by learning Arabian and Persian, prepared books about mysticism, literature and history. Devr-i zaman, which is written by İbrahim Aczî Kendî by himself and whose only transcript is registered with the number 104657/1 in Yusuf Ağa Library, is made of 360 Persian rubaies and their explanation which is written in Ottoman Turkish. In this study İbrahim Aczî Kendî's life and last 180 of 360 Persian rubaies are studied. Each of rubaies' Persian main texts are transferred to electronic environment. Parts that sometimes include translation, sometimes also include various types of explanations written Ottoman Turkish are transferred with Latin letters. İbrahim Aczî Kendî, rubaies that handled in this study, touches on many topics, such as sociel ethics, complaints about today's youht, hypocrisy and staying away from and arrogance
External interventions and the duration of civil wars
No full textThe authors combine an empirical model of external intervention, with a theoretical model of civil war duration. Their empirical model of intervention allows them to analyze civil war duration, using"expected"rather than"actual"external intervention as an explanatory variable in the duration model. Unlike previous studies, they find that external intervention is positively associated with the duration of civil war. They distinguish partial third-party interventions that extend the length of war, from multilateral"peace"operations, which have a mandate to restore peace without taking sides - and which typically take place at war's end, or at least when both sides have agreed to a cease-fire. In a future paper, the authors will examine whether partial third-party interventions - whatever their effect on a war's duration - increase the risk of war's recurrence. If that proves true, then even if interventions reduce the length of civil war, they may do so at the cost of further destabilizing the political system, and sowing the seeds of future rebellion.Children and Youth,Peace&Peacekeeping,Post Conflict Reconstruction,Post Conflict Reconstruction,International Affairs,Post Conflict Reconstruction,Social Conflict and Violence,Peace&Peacekeeping,Post Conflict Reconstruction,International Affairs
The factors influencing the unemployment among fresh graduates in Kelantan / Noraini Ibrahim and Emylia Syafika Mohammed Fauzi
No full textThe title of this study is related to the factors that influence unemployment among fresh graduates in Kelantan. The objective used in this study is to find out whether the factors such as employability skills, English proficiency, Job mismatch, and demanding an unrealistic salary. The four objectives were selected to find out whether these factors influence unemployment among fresh graduates conducted in Kelantan. Furthermore, the method used in completing this study is through a questionnaire that was distributed using Google Forms to 394 respondents. Of these 394 respondents, a total of 202 men and 192 women had involved themselves in answering the questions posed by the researcher through questionnaires and references. In this study, researchers have identified the factors related to unemployment that occur among fresh graduates in Kelantan. The findings of the study show that unemployment among new graduates in Kelantan is due to many factors, especially lack of English proficiency and job mismatch. Therefore, new graduates should play an appropriate role in positioning themselves as employees to reduce unemployment
Environmental effects of natural dyes and syntetic dyes: a comparison
No full textDyes is important to add colorant on fabrics. The dyeing process makes a fabric colourful and attractive. However, the waste disposed by dyeing process was hazard to environment especially synthetic dyes. Most of the textile industry uses synthetic dyes compared to natural dyes. This happens because natural dyes are difficult to extract its colour. Four types of natural and synthetic dyes were reviewed in this study. It was understood that all types of dyes have its advantages and disadvantages. Natural dyes have poor colour fastness compared to synthetic dyes. Besides, natural dyes can combine with synthetic dyes for greater commercial dyeing. Dyeing is one of the method to beautify the appearance of fabrics. It is a process to add colour to textile products like yarn, fiber and fabrics. Dyeing can be divided into synthetic dyes and natural dyes whereas can be produced either chemically or by plants. Synthetic dyes are man-made and normally made from synthetic resources such as petroleum by-products and earth minerals while natural dyes are from plant and animal sources. Most of the textile industry is using synthetic dyes compared to natural dyes. Natural dyes are hardly to extract their colour and environmentally friendly. Synthetic dyes can be extracted easily but brings harmful effect to environment. Unfortunately, the exact amount of dyes produced in the world is still unknown. It is estimated that the production of dyes to be over 10,000 tons per year. Exact data on the quantity of dyes discharged in the environment are also not available (Forgacs and Cserhátia, 2004)
Utilization dyeing process of coffea pigment as superhydrophobic coating on fabric application
No full textSynthetic pigments and dyes was frequently used for textile products in order to fulfill the customers demand because it is less expensive and high durability compared to natural pigments or dyes. Therefore, the contribution of synthetic dyes waste water is higher and it becomes one of cause of hazardous pollution to the environment. Factories that discharge this dye waste water are harmful toxic waste and high chemical usage which can give a bad effect to the human health [1]. An alternative way need to be considered in order to overcome the problems that comes from the synthetics dyes. The alternative way that were studied in this project as the solution to the problems stated was by using natural resources which is coffee as a colorant for pigmentation or dyeing in order to replace the harmful synthetic dyeing [2]. Robusta coffee or Coffea canephora is chosen as the pigments colorant because it has minimal environmental impacts compare to synthetic pigments. Natural pigments are not harmful to the environment, which makes it so captivating for consumers. Natural pigments are biodegradable and disposing them will not lead to pollution [3]. Furthermore, natural pigments are safe to use. It does not cause any harm or health problem when abstain. Pigment appearance is altered by selective absorption and by scattering of light [4]. Other than that, different composition of natural pigments can give a wide-range of colour by modifying the concentration percentage of pigments ingredients such as Robusta coffee which brew for pigments in order to provide a varied brown colour to textile fabrics. The superhydrophobic coating fabrics for textile application provide a durable water repellent which is useful for fabrics in order to protect them from water. In addition, the fabric also can be easily clean [5]
Investigation of dyeing based on pandanus amaryllifolius for superhydrophobic coating in cotton-polyester blended in textile application
No full textNatural dyes are derived from natural resources. Colouring materials obtained from natural resources of plant, animal, mineral, and microbial origins were used for colouration of various textile materials. Use of natural dyes started fall after the invention of synthetic dyes in the second half of the nineteenth century. The synthetic dyes were rapidly industrialization of textile production resulted in almost complete replacement of natural dyes by synthetic dyes because their easy availability simple application process, better fastness properties and consistency of shades [1]. Recent environmental awareness has again revived interest in natural dyes mainly among environmentally conscious people. Natural pigments are considered eco-friendly as these are renewable and biodegradable which is skin friendly and provide healthier benefits to the wearer [2]. Pandanus amaryllifolius also called as pandan leaf is a tropical plant that under screw pine genus and it can be easily found all around in Malaysia. It is a genus monocotyledon plants with over 750 accepted species. Extraction of green pigments from pandanus amaryllifolius to produce an organic pigment for fabric dyeing can become an alternative of synthetic pigments. Organic pigments also can be classified as a biochrome substance which is produced by living organisms. These biological pigments include flower and plant pigments [3]
Utilization of garcinia mangostana dyes for superhydrophobic oncotton textile application
No full textThe demand for textile products has increases rapidly nowadays and so did the production. Hence, people tend use synthetics dyes because it is cheaper and more durable as compared to natural dyes. Therefore, synthetic dyes has contributed to dye wastewater and becomes one of the causes of outrageous pollution in nowadays. Factories that discharge this wastewater as harmful toxic waste, colourfull and organic chemicals from dyeing. Chemicals such as sulphur, vat dyes, arsenic, and certain auxiliary chemicals make the wastewater highly toxic and poisonous [1]. In order to overcome this problem, an alternative way has to be found. One of the alternative way is to make a good use of the waste from the nature, for example, the peel of mangosteen. Mangosteen or known as Garcinia mangostana is one of the fruits that can be found easily in Malaysia during monsoon season. So, the difficulty of getting these fruits are not very hard. However, the rind of mangosteens are non-edible and being thrown unknowingly by most of the people in Malaysia. The rinds of the fruits contain high level of anthocyanin pigments which can be used in dyeing application of fabric. The utilization of fruit hulls of Garcinia mangostana will help to reduce biodegradable wastes in the environment. Its reuse or recycling will also aids in the halting of the release of greenhouse gases. Natural dyes are beneficial to the environment and it can reduces the water pollution [2]
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