1,721,166 research outputs found
Programmable musical bell / Nor ‘Aida Yusop and Shahida Yusof
Get PDFThe circuit presented here is that of a musical bell which may be programmed for generation of a number of musical notes. To design this circuit we need to use 4 types of ICs, resistors, capacitors, transistors, speakers, port meters, switches and diodes. 1C1 (NE555) is a timer. Frequency of the timer IC may be varied with the help of portmeter VR1 The output of IC1 at the selected frequency of operation is coupled to the clock input of IC2 (CD4017). IC3 (CD 4051) is a C-MOS 8- input analogue multiplexer. Its function is to make electrical connection between output of IC3 and pin 15 of IC2. IC4 (CD 4060) is a 14-bit binary counter It is to produce the variety musical notes that can be heard through the speaker. The delay timer of tones is adjusted by port meter VR2.The transistor SL100 is use as amplifier. The 7-way rotary switches are used (SI, S2 and S3). The different music notes can be heard when the SI, S2, and S3 are taking to different position. The VR1 is used to change the tone. It can produce about 816 types of different musical note
Pelebaran jambatan (superstruktur) / Nor Aida Rafidah Abdul Razak
Get PDFSecara ringkasnya, Laporan ini menerangkan mengenai proses pelebaran jambatan bahagian superstruktur yang terdiri daripada tiang sambut, papak geladak dan juga tembok tepi. Laporan ini dihasilkan sepanjang pemerhatian dan pembelajaran saya semasa menjalani latihan praktikal dalam masa 6 bulan. Laporan ini bermula dengan objektif kajian, latar belakang syarikat yang terdiri daripada sejarah penubuhan syarikat, carta organisasi dan projek-projek yang telah siap dijalankan oleh syarikat tersebut. Kemudian diikuti oleh pengenalan mengenai jambatan, komponen yang terdapat pada jambatan, jenis-jenis komponen tersebut dan penyediaan bahan dalam proses pembinaan jambatan. Setelah mengkaji perkara yang berkaitan tentang jambatan, saya memilih tajuk pelebaran jambatan bahagian superstruktur sebagai bahan kajian secara praktikal kerana saya berminat untuk mengetahui proses pelebaran yang dijalankan. Oleh itu, saya menyediakan proses-proses pelebaran jambatan bahagian superstruktur, jentera yang terlibat serta sedikit maklumat yang berkaitan tentang pelebaran jambatan tersebut. Setelah mengkaji dan melihat sendiri proses pembinaan tersebut, saya mendapati terdapat beberapa masalah yang dihadapi semasa proses pelebaran tersebut dijalankan seperti masalah cuaca, masalah pengurusan lalulintas, keselamatan pekerja dan lain-lain lagi. Namun begitu, setiap masalah yang dihadapi perlulah mencari jalan penyelesaiannya. Oleh itu beberapa langkah telah diambil bagi mengatasi masalah ini daripada berleluasa
Performance analysis of a wideband LNA utilizing 0.18um technology with HBM ESD Protection / Nor Aida Nordin
Get PDFThe following report presents the performance analysis of wideband low noise amplifier (LNA) design circuits utilizing 0.18]uin CMOS technology. The objective of this performed analysis of a LNA design that need achieve sufficiently large gain and low noise figure, compare the design with other design, and to verify the effect of parameter Rr and Ls to S-parameter. This LNA design was expected to achieve a peak power gain of 13.8 dB. Within the 3 dB bandwidth from 2.6 GHz to 6.6 GHz, the noise figure (NF) is in a range of 4.0 dB to 6.5 dB and the input reflection coefficient, Sn is below -13.0dB.The standard specification for LNA with bandwidth from 2.6GHz is ISDB. This usually used for digital audio and video broadcasting application. By using Cadence Virtuoso as an EDA tool as a simulation tool, the result are obtained. The simulation result had almost achieved the target and this analysis had performed successfully simulation
A study on performance of REITs in Malaysia / Siti Nor Aida Abdul Satar
Get PDFREIT can be stands for Real Estate Investment Trust. It is not new to the world because in many other developed countries, REIT has been developed for decades and with steady fix income as oppose to fix deposit as an alternative. It targets long term investor with moderate risk such as insurance companies, pension funds, unit trust funds and even individual investor. The problem arise in REIT is related to financial performance. For example, failure to ensure assets are properly valued risks financial exposure for a wide range of stakeholders. For example, in June 2007, the subprime crisis happened and it affected the value of real estate. To avoid company performance goes down; they should ensure their ‘asset’ can easily converted into cash within a specific period of time without affecting the price changes
Performance analysis of a wideband LNA utilizing 0.18um technology with HBM ESD Protection: article / Nor Aida Nordin
Get PDFThis paper presents the performance analysis of wideband low noise amplifier (LNA) design circuits utilizing 0.18um CMOS technology. The objective of this performed analysis of a LNA design that need achieve sufficiently large gain and low noise figure, compare the design with other design, and to verify the effect of parameter Rf and L, to S-parameter. This LNA design was expected to achieve a peak power gain of 13.8 dB. Within the 3 dB bandwidth from 2.6 GHz to 6.6 GHz, the noise figure (NF) is in a range of 4.0 dB to 6.5 dB and the input reflection coefficient, Sn is below 13.0dB.The standard specification for LNA with bandwidth from 2.6GHz is ISDB. This usually used for digital audio and video broadcasting application. By using Cadence Virtuoso as an EDA tool as a simulation tool, the result are obtained. The simulation result had almost achieved the target and this analysis had performed successfully simulation
Feasibility study of pineapple (Ananas cosomus) leaf fibres (PALFs) for cellulosic microfiltration membrane / Nor Aida Zubir … [et al.]
Get PDFThe study was conducted to investigate the possibility of using pineapple leaf fibres (PALFs) as an alternative source of cellulose polymer for membrane fabrication. The membranes were fabricated from dope solution containing cellulose/ N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO)/polyethylene glycol (PEG 400)/ N-propylgallate with a mass ratio of 8/ 88/ 3.5/ 0.5 by using immersion precipitation method. The permeation characteristics, structure and morphology of the membranes were investigated upon substituting the former cellulose source by the means of microfiltration rate (MFR), rejection rate (RR), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), respectively. It was found that membranes derived from PALEs exhibited higher RR of 86.51%, but slightly lower MFR (i.e. 91. 79 mLh⁻¹ m⁻²mmHg⁻¹) than the former membrane type under an applied pressure of 10 psi. Both of the membrane types (i.e. PALFs and hardwood) possess analogous chemical structures which have been confirmed by the existence of similar functional groups detection. Meanwhile, SEM analysis revealed that the source of cellulose had brought profound effect on the structural and morphology of resultant membranes. In general, matte and porous surfaces in a sponge-like configuration and uniform granular microporous structure were observed throughout the thickness of both membranes. The average pore size of membrane derived from PALFs exhibited to be smaller than the hardwood which in turn affected the MFR and RR performances. Hence, based on the overall results, it can be concluded that PALFs as a non-wood plant can be utilized as one of the alternative sources for cellulose polymer in preparing the cellulosic microfiltration membranes
A study on public awareness towards promotional programs of Darul Ehsan Tourist Centre (DETC), Shah Alam / Nor Aida Puteh
Get PDFThis study is to examine the public awareness towards the promotional activities of Darul Ehsan Tourist Centre (DETC). The research focused more on the promotion mix elements as the factors of the public awareness and how those factors create public awareness. The level of public awareness will be measured by evaluating the performance of elements.
Analyses of the research have been carried out by distributions of questionnaires and observation. Fifty sets of questionnaires have been distributed both to the people who visited DETC and the public around Shah Alam area. This is due to the fact that those people are DETCs’ target market. Due to the time limitation in collecting data, the sample size is chosen as long as it can represent the population.
Data collected are being processed by using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) software. Researcher later on tested the hypotheses formulated earlier. The findings or results were used by researcher to make decision that is whether to accept the null or the alternatives hypothesis
Preparation and characterization of low-cost cellulosic microfiltration membrane / Nor Aida Zubir and Nurhaslina Che Radzi.
Get PDFAn attempt to investigate the possibility of using pineapple leave fibers (PALFs) as one of the alternative source of cellulose polymer for membrane fabrication has been carried out in this research. The PALFs were extracted mechanically from raw pineapple leaves. The extracted PALFs were then chemically treated and characterized prior to the membrane preparation. It was found that PALFs contained 94.58% holocellulose, 9.02% hemicellulose, 4.32% lignin and 1.10% ash. The chemical constituents obtained were found to be in the range of data reported in literatures. The cellulosic microfiltration membranes were prepared from the cellulose/A/-methylmorpholine-/V-oxide (NMMO)/ PEG 400 solutions (dope) at different cellulose concentrations (i.e. 6-8 wt%) by using immersion precipitation method. The influence of cellulose concentrations on the mechanical properties, microfiltration rate (MFR) and rejection rate (RR) of membranes were investigated in determining the optimized cellulosic microfiltration membrane. The optimized membrane was found to be at the cellulose concentration of 8 wt% that possessed considerable mechanical properties at MFR of 91.79 mLh W2mmHg'1 and dextran’s RR of 86.51% under an applied pressure of 10 psi. Further characterizations on the optimized membrane were carried out in order to confirm the chemical structure, morphological changes, thermal properties and stability upon substituting the former cellulose’s source, i.e. hardwood plant. The optimized cellulose membranes for both types (i.e. PALFs and hardwood) possessed analogous chemical structures which have been confirmed by the existence of similar functional groups detections. Meanwhile, scanning electron microscopy analysis of the optimized cellulose membranes elucidated that the source of cellulose has brought profound effect on the structural and morphology of resulting membranes. In general, matte and porous surfaces in a sponge-like configurations and uniform granular microporous structure were observed throughout the thickness of both membranes. But, the average pore size of membrane derived from PALFs was exhibited to be smaller than the hardwood which in turn affecting the MFR and RR performances. The use of PALFs as alternative source of cellulose polymer did not bring much alterations in the thermal properties and stability of resultant membranes. Both of the optimized cellulose membranes were observed to have a thermal stability up to 275 ± 5°C before enduring further decomposition in nitrogen atmosphere. These membranes have found to undergo two-stage decomposition patterns due to dehydration and degradation of the polymer matrixes. Hence, based on the overall results, it can be concluded that PALFs as a non-wood plant can be utilized as one of alternative source for cellulose polymer in preparing the cellulosic microfiltration membranes
Employee exposure to total volatile organic compounds in photocopy and printing service centre / Nor Aida Haszuani Abdul Razak
Get PDFIndoor air pollution in working placed widely being related with human health problem. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are organic chemical compounds which easily evaporated under normal temperature and pressure. Photocopy and printing machine are electronic devices that being reported emitting high VOC. Photocopy and printing service centre is an independent service centre that mainly used this equipment. Inks, coatings, adhesives and cleaning solvent are sources that emit VOCs from photocopy and printing machine during its operation. Employee who work in this business have high probability to be exposed as they work at very short distance with the equipment. A cross-sectional study was carried out at a photocopy and printing service centre in Seksyen 2, Shah Alam. Total number of respondents, n participate in this study is 47. Photo-ionisation detector (PID), MicroAlert PID 5 was used to measure real-time for personal exposure to Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOCs). This equipment was placed at employee breathing zone for 8-hours. Lung function test was carried out by using KokoLegend Spirometer to all respondents as to measure the lung performance. Besides that, questionnaire adopted by Industry Code of Practice (ICOP) on Indoor Air Quality 2010 was distributed to all respondents. This tools was used to assess indoor environmental quality problems and its work-related symptoms. Exposure to TVOCs were conducted based on work area (Customer Service, Large Format, Marketing & Designing and Administration). Large format shown the highest mean TVOCs concentration reading with 5.873 ppm while the lowest mean reading was measured at Administration area with 0.541 ppm. All area except Large Format area were complied with the standard guidelines ICOP on Indoor Air Quality 2010 with the acceptable limit 3 ppm. Correlation analysis shown negative linear correlation (r=- 689) of exposure of TVOCs and lung function performance. By means, the exposure of TVOCs influenced the lung function capability. Headaches, cough and hoarse throat are three most symptoms complained by the employee. As a conclusion, employee who work at photocopy and printing service centre exposed to TVOCs where Large Format area is the highest concentration measured. Hypothesis on TVOCs exposure affect lung function performance was accepted. Three symptoms; headache, cough and hoarse throat
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