1,720,975 research outputs found
Stress, the Superwoman Schema, and Cardiovascular Wellbeing Among Rural and Medically Underserved African American Women
No full textCardiovascular disease in the leading cause of death among African American women. CVD risk factors that contribute to poorer health are higher among rural and medically underserved communities; highlighting racial and geographic disparities exist. The ideal cardiovascular health (ICH) tool was developed by the American Heart Association (AHA) to serve as a measure of cardiovascular wellbeing and address the need for prevention and treatment of CVD. Meeting the ideal standard for these metrics is associated with lower CVD risk and overall improved cardiovascular wellbeing. Yet to date, there is a dearth of literature evaluating ICH scores among rural and medically underserved African American women.Further, social conditions such as neighborhood cohesion and safety can lead to chronic exposure to stress and have been associated with increased risk for CVD and earlier onset of disease. The Superwoman Schema is a multidimensional framework that provide further understanding on how African American women process stress, which may serve to enlighten the mechanisms in which chronic stress becomes biologically embedded among this population.This dissertation explored factors related to cardiovascular wellbeing among rural and medically underserved African American women for the purpose of better understanding and thus informing efforts to reduce cardiovascular health disparities among this population. In chapter 2, we completed a scoping review of psychometric scales evaluating the strong black woman/superwoman construct in relation to stress-related health disparities. In chapter 3, a pilot study was conducted to assess the feasibility of using the MyChart patient portal to collect electronic health data and recruit rural African American women to collect self-report data on social neighborhood conditions and the Superwoman Schema. Finding from this study revealed strengths and limitations of EHR recruitment and qualitative interviews reported the experience of African American women in using MyChart. Qualitative findings from Chapter 4 revealed emerging factors that are embedded within the Superwoman Schema that help to better understand the stress and coping experience of rural and medically underserved African American women. Chapter 5 summarizes the results across all three chapters and provides implications for future research and practice.</p
Chronic Disease Management and Healthcare Utilization Among the Justice Involved Population
No full textThe criminal justice healthcare system has the potential to impact millions of individuals annually. There are more than 2.3 million individuals in a prison or jail at any given time. Not accounting for individuals that have been released from a correctional setting back into the community, under community supervision, which account for 4.5 million individuals. Individuals with a history of justice-involvement have higher prevalence of chronic diseases and often seek healthcare in high-cost area such as the emergency room. Furthermore, this population face unique challenges related to socioeconomic needs, such as securing housing and employment. Yet, limited empirical evidence explores chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) or factors that impact how one manages their chronic NCD after incarceration using a representative sample. Therefore, this dissertation uses a cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational study using the 2018 National Survey of Drug Use and Health to estimate the rates for the five chronic NCDs (heart conditions, hypertension, diabetes, asthma, and cancer) and the rates of individuals with a history of a chronic NCD. In addition, this dissertation has examined outpatient healthcare utilization among adults in the community supervised population (CSP) relative to the adults in the non-CSP.This dissertation includes a scoping review of literature in Chapter 2 that examine current practices of care and interventions use to improve the management of chronic diseases within a correctional setting. As well, as a broad scope of the current state of the evidence regarding chronic disease management within this population. Chapter 3 aims to describe the rates of chronic NCDs, history of having a chronic NCD, and outpatient utilization in the CSP relative to the non-CSP. In addition, Chapter 3, explores the differences in rates of chronic NCDs, history of having a chronic NCD, and outpatient utilization among the CSP (probation, parolee, and probation and parole). Chapter 4 dives deeper within the CSP to identify individual characteristics, socioeconomic characteristics, and clinical characteristics that are associated with chronic NCDs, history of having a chronic NCD, and outpatient utilization. Chapter 5 synthesized findings within the context of the current literature and produces future directions in research, policy, and practice that the results may impact to improve the management of chronic NCDs among the justice-involved population. Furthermore, the limitations to this dissertation are addressed within the context of the study.
Management of chronic diseases among the justice-involved population is critical to ensuring improved health outcomes and reducing the burden of public healthcare systems. Identifying and describing the population characteristics of the CSP is foundational in developing targeted interventions in policy and practice with the goals to achieve optimal health outcomes among the justice involved population. </p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
A descriptive study of waterpipe smoking among college students
Get PDFPurpose The purpose of this cross‐sectional study was to examine waterpipe smoking and beliefs about waterpipe smoking in a sample of college students from a public university in Virginia. Data sources A web‐based survey was sent to 1000 undergraduate students recruiting them to participate in the study. Measures from the investigator‐developed Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) Waterpipe Questionnaire were used to capture belief‐based components of the TRA related to waterpipe use. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the prevalence of waterpipe smoking and beliefs associated with waterpipe smoking. Conclusions Of the sample ( n = 223), 71% of males and 52% of females reporting ever smoking tobacco using a waterpipe and 22% of males and 5% of females reporting current waterpipe smoking. Of the sample, 28% of males and 10% of females were current cigarette smokers and 25% of males and 10% of females were current marijuana users. Common beliefs associated with waterpipe smoking are also presented. Implications for practice Nurse practitioners working with college students need to be aware of the multiple forms of tobacco that students may engage in. They also should be aware of the common beliefs about waterpipe smoking. This information is useful when targeting and counseling patients about alternative tobacco products like waterpipe smoking.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/95501/1/jaan781.pd
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