1,720,976 research outputs found
Large melt diversity at a mid-ocean ridge thermal low
Get PDFMid-ocean ridges serve as key sites for understanding the composition of the mantle, but extensive melting usually masks its lithological diversity. This study explores how cold mid-ocean ridge segments, such as the eastern Romanche ridge-transform intersection (ERRTI), provide unique insights into mantle heterogeneity. Here, a thick cold lithosphere faces the warm ridge segment efficiently cooling the ridge tip, thus reducing melting and mixing, and allowing distinct short-scale lithologies to be sampled. Our findings reveal a mosaic of mantle components with diverse geochemical and isotopic signatures, reflecting dynamic mantle processes over time. By examining these cold regimes, this research sheds light on the mantle’s compositional complexity and its evolution, offering a fresh perspective on lithospheric dynamics and melt generation in settings independent of hotspot influences
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Etude volcano-tectonique de la zone de Divergence Nord Tanzanienne (Terminaison Sud du Rift Kenyan).<br />Caractérisation pétrologique et géochimique du volcanisme récent (8 Ma – Actuel) et du manteau source.<br />Contraintes de mise en place.
No full textThe East African Rift System (EARS) is the best example worldwide of an active magmatic rift. It extends over more than 3500 km from the Afar province to the Mozambican Gulf, cutting through the Ethiopian and East Africa elevated plateaus that are the topographic expression of one or several Cenozoic mantle plumes beneath this part of Africa. Extensional strain initited along the eastern magmatic branch of the EARS at ca. 30 My in the Afar, and then propagated southwards by linkage of discrete magmatic cells centered on the Kenyan dome, to reach South Kenya 8 My ago. There, the North Tanzanian Divergence (NTD) corresponds to a dramatic change in structural style, associated with the abrupt disappearance of magmatism southwards. The transition zone from the NS axial valley into three diverging rift arms (Eyasi, Natron-Manyara and Pangani), dominated by tilted basement fault blocks, is outlined by a 200 km-long transverse volcanic chain, including major Neogene volcanic edifices such as the Ngorongoro, Mount Meru and Kilimanjaro.Our work presents new structural and geochemical results on magmatic rocks in the NTD, and its main originality is to integrate complementary approaches involving field investigations, petrological-mineralogical analyses, geochronology, Sr-Nd isotopic and trace elements geochemistry. That allows us to also precise the build-up history and mechanisms of a number of major volcanoes of the NTD (Ngorongoro, Mount Meru, Kilimanjaro) during Plio-Quaternary times. Applying this approach to a wider scale, and compiling published radiometric data with our own K-Ar age determinations, allows us to establish a kinematic rift propagation model to the NTD for the last 8 My. It is proposed that both magmatism and strain shifted eastwards along the transverse volcanic chain, up to the Pangani arm, from 8 My to Present, with the onset of magmatic activity in the whole NTD at 2.5 My. But, the main contribution of our study is devoted to the Kilimanjaro long-lived edifice that forms the prominent structure in the EARS, as a whole. Seventeen new K-Ar ages provide constraints for précising time relationships between its three main magmatic centres, and emphasis has been put on the Kibo central vent that recorded the last building phases in the time range 492-165 ky. In addition, new petrological and geochemical results on Kilimanjaro mafic lavas bring some new insights on the nature of mantle sources that are thought to be heterogeneous lithospheric material with residual amphibole and garnet. Two different metasomatic events, Precambrian and Plio-Quaternary in age, are inferred to have governed the evolution of the mantle sources, with the infiltration of melt from the underlying Neogene plume. These conclusions, extended at the scale of the NTD for young (Ce travail de thèse présente les résultats de l'étude volcano-structurale menée sur cette zone de rift divergent. L'originalité de notre approche provient de la combinaison d'outils complémentaires (terrain, pétrologie, radiochronologie, géochimie isotopique Sr-Nd et des éléments en traces), appliquées à une zone clé du REA. Ainsi, à l'échelle des principaux volcans de la DNT, et particulièrement pour le Ngorongoro et le Mt Meru, nous avons pu reconstituer leur activité Plio-Quaternaire en précisant les mécanismes de mise en place de leurs principales formations volcaniques. Cette approche locale a été étendue à l'échelle régionale en synthétisant les données radiochronologiques existantes, complétées par six nouveaux âges K-Ar. Nous avons ainsi pu reconstituer l'histoire volcano-tectonique de la DNT et proposer un modèle d'évolution spatio-temporel du volcanisme depuis 8 Ma. Ce dernier met en évidence une migration de l'activité magmatique vers l'Est entre 8 Ma et l'actuel avec une activité généralisée dans l'ensemble de la DNT à 2,5 Ma, qui accompagne l'extension de la déformation vers la branche de Pangani. Le Kilimandjaro, édifice majeur à l'échelle du Rift Africain, constitue le cœur de ce travail. La détermination de dix sept nouveaux âges K-Ar a permis de contraindre dans le temps les processus volcaniques ayant affecté les trois centres le constituant, et plus particulièrement le centre principal de Kibo pour lequel nous parvenons à reconstituer les dernières phases d'édification entre 492 ka et 165 ka. Grâce à l'approche pétrologique et géochimique réalisée sur les laves du Kilimandjaro, nous proposons un modèle d'évolution des sources mantelliques de ces magmas, en montrant qu'ils sont issus de la fusion partielle d'une source lithosphérique hétérogène à amphibole et grenat résiduels, ayant acquis ses caractéristiques géochimiques au cours de deux épisodes métasomatiques distincts : un premier, probablement d'âge Précambrien, et le deuxième, Plio-Quaternaire, provoqué par la percolation des magmas formés au sein du panache asthénosphérique sous-jacent. La généralisation de cette approche à l'échelle de la DNT, pour les laves primitives d'âges < 1 Ma, met en évidence des différences dans les processus pétrogénétiques à l'origine du magmatisme de cette région. Si sa manifestation, à l'Est de la DNT, présente des compositions caractéristiques d'une fertilisation de la lithosphère par l'activité sub-actuelle d'un panache, les laves émises à l'Ouest comportent des signatures géochimiques héritées d'un manteau lithosphérique métasomatisé au Précambrien, en accord avec les résultats obtenus sur les enclaves mantelliques. Le type de métasomatisme, sa localisation et sa période d'activité sont certainement liés à l'héritage structural, et particulièrement au positionnement relatif des blocs cratoniques Archéen et des zones transverses affectant les ceintures orogéniques Protérozoïques
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
