2,252 research outputs found
Effect of the type of closure for culture bottles on micropropagation efficiency of apricot
No full textPapers on micropropagation of apricot generally report difficulties in all culture phases, and also suggest
genotype-dependent requirements. So far, the effect of the gaseous microenvironment has not been studied in apricot tissue culture. The effect of using different types of closures [i.e., hermetic (H), polyvinylchloride (PVC) sealing and cotton plugs (C)] for culture bottles on ethylene (C2H4) and carbon dioxide
(CO2) accumulation by shoots of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.), cv San Castrese, Boreale and Vitillo were investigated. The direct and long-term effects of the gaseous microenvironment on culture behavior were shown, following treatment with different aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG)/closure type combinations were also examined. High C2H4 and CO2 concentrations (up to about 1 mol mol−1 and 20 mmol mol−1, respectively) were found in the H-closed bottles at the end of subculture. In particular, C2H4 accumulation was mainly due to production within the first 10 days culture. Increased shoot weight and proliferation, and also higher shoot length in ‘San Castrese’, were found in the H-closed bottles; moreover, subsequent rooting of these shoots was not negatively affected in comparison to other closures. These effects were more related to C2H4 than CO2 accumulation. However, culture responses were also greatly genotype
dependent. In particular, ‘Boreale’ produced the highest number of axillary shoots from one initial explants, while ‘Vitillo’ showed the best root development. ‘San Castrese’ was characterized by the lowest C2H4 production in the proliferation phase and appeared to be the most sensitive to its accumulation with regard to shoot elongation. The addition of 1 M aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) to the proliferation medium reduced shoot elongation both in H- and PVC-closed bottles. However, better root development was subsequently noted in shoots from the PVC/AVG combination
Use of Vis/NIR Spectroscopy to Assess Fruit Ripening Stage and Improve Management in Post-Harvest Cha
No full textFruit “quality” is a concept encompassing sensory and mechanical properties, nutritive values, safety and defects. Fruit quality has declined, determining consumer dissatisfaction, largely due to the wrong harvest date; in addition, quality is badly defined since the parameters mainly considered are fruit size and skin color. Other attributes such as flesh firmness, sugar content, acidity and aroma, are perceived by the consumer as fruit global quality, are seldom considered by the farmer and by other individuals along the chain. Up to now, several studies have been carried out on fruit quality assessment by using traditional methods, which are affordable and fast, but do not consider other quality traits, as antioxidant power, aroma volatile emission, soluble sugars and organic acids content. The assessment of these parameters is time consuming and requires sophisticated equipments (i.e. HPLC, GC-MS). Moreover, destructive analyses can be performed only on a limited number of fruit. In recent years, extensive research has been focused on the development of non-destructive techniques for assessing internal fruit quality attributes allowing extending the assessment to a high number of fruit, to repeat the analysis on the same samples monitoring their physiological evolution, and to achieve real-time information on several fruit quality parameters at the same time. Among the non-destructive techniques, visible/Near Infra Red spectroscopy (vis/NIR) can be efficiently used for determining traditional fruit quality traits and concentration of the main organic acids and simple sugars. In addition, this technique allows defining a new maturity index strictly related to fruit ethylene emission and ripening stage. This index, called “Absorbance Difference” index (IAD), which can be used for precisely determining harvest date, and for grouping harvested fruit in homogeneous classes which show a different evolution of the ripening syndrome during shelf-life
Methods for early forecasting apple size at harvest.
No full textTwo methods for of forecasting fruit size at harvest between 50 and 80 days after full bloom (DAFB) were applied to several apple fruit growth datasets derived from studies conducted over many years with the cultivars Gala, Golden Delicious and Fuji. The degree day accumulation at 50 DAFB, and fruit size at 50 DAFB were correlated with the fruit size at harvest, with R 2 values of up to 0.78. The second method for forecasting involved the extrapolation to the date of actual harvest of an estimate of the slope of the linear phase of apple growth, as depicted by the expolinear model, obtained between 50 and 80 DAFB. The R 2 for this estimate was 0.87. Despite the good performance, the accuracy of the second method, as tested in any single year/cultivar combination, was variable, e.g. from 7% to 22% for two 'Golden Delicious' datasets. Combining the fruit growth data with a study of the absolute growth rate (AGR) might in some cases improve the forecast, since AGR often shows trends that may become apparent in terms of fruit weight only later. It also appears that a two-pronged approach, based on a combination of both methods, might be the most desirable, particularly in view of the effort required of the grower
Assessment of technological maturity parameters and anthocyanins in berries of cv. Sangiovese (Vitis vinifera L.) by a portable vis/NIR device
No full textIn grape berries the balance between technological parameters such as soluble solids and titratable acidity and phenolic maturity such as anthocyanins concentration, is a key factor for obtaining quality wines. Grapevine berries are commonly harvested on the base of technological maturity parameters determined by traditional analysis methods, often without considering properly phenolic maturity. We investigated the potential use of a portable and non-invasive device based on visible and near infrared (vis/NIR) spectroscopy (Cherry-Meter), which provides an Index of Absorbance Difference (IAD) based on two wavelengths peaks (560 and 640 nm), to measure soluble solids concentration (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), firmness (DI) and anthocyanins (total and monomeric) in cv. Sangiovese grapes. Berries were separated in ten IAD classes according to the Cherry meter data ranging from 0.4 to 1.8, and then analyzed for technological parameters and anthocyanins by using conventional methods. Linear and non-linear regression analysis showed that IAD values were significantly correlated to SSC (R2 = 0.92), TA (R2 = 0.87), DI (R2 = 0.89), and monomeric and total anthocyanin concentration (R2 ranging from 0.68 to 0.97). A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to analyze relationship among IAD classes, obtaining four different clusters based on increasing level of maturity defined by means of technological parameters and anthocyanins concentration. This is the first approach demonstrating that the use of IAD values obtained from Cherry-Meter could be useful for monitoring both technological maturity parameters and anthocyanin concentration and composition of grape berries
Recuerdos de Massimo.
No full textEl presente ensayo recuerda la rica relación personal e intelectual entre Massimo Pavarini e Iñaki Rivera Beiras desde que el segundo conoció siendo muy joven a Pavarini. En ese sentido, el trabajo recuerda los inicios de su fecunda relación en la ciudad de Bologna cuando Iñaki Rivera acudía a presentar a Massimo Pavarini los desarrollos de lo que sería su tesis doctoral. Las contribuciones de Pavarini al proceso de aprendizaje de Rivera, en el terreno de una epistemología crítica en la penología contemporánea, son analizados como un homenaje a la memoria y a la obra del autor italiano, tras su fallecimiento en septiembre de 2015.This paper recalls the rich personal and intellectual relationship between Massimo Pavarini and Iñaki Rivera Beiras. In that sense , the work recalls the beginning of his fruitful relationship in the city of Bologna when Iñaki Rivera came to present Massimo Pavarini’ developments in what would be his PhD thesis. Pavarini contributions to the learning process of Rivera, on the ground of a critical epistemology in contemporary penology , are analyzed as a tribute to the memory and to the work of Italian author, after his death in September 2015 .El presente ensayo recuerda la rica relación personal e intelectual entre Massimo Pavarini e Iñaki Rivera Beiras desde que el segundo conoció siendo muy joven a Pavarini. En ese sentido, el trabajo recuerda los inicios de su fecunda relación en la ciudad de Bologna cuando Iñaki Rivera acudía a presentar a Massimo Pavarini los desarrollos de lo que sería su tesis doctoral. Las contribuciones de Pavarini al proceso de aprendizaje de Rivera, en el terreno de una epistemología crítica en la penología contemporánea, son analizados como un homenaje a la memoria y a la obra del autor italiano, tras su fallecimiento en septiembre de 2015
Climatizzazione 4.0 contro l'impatto del global warming
No full textIl Sangiovese in condizioni di stress multiplo (idrico, termico e radiativo) presenta un comportamento anisoidrico. adattandosi agli stimoli ambientali attraverso un meccanismo di controllo stomatico volti a limitare la perdita di acqua ottimizzando la fotosintesi. Quando lostress peggiora le viti vanno incontro a fenomeni di fotoinibizione con calo delle rese esacerbato da scottatura dei grappoli. Per ridurre l'effetto negativo del cambiamento climatico sono state messe a punto tecniche agronomiche quali applicazioni di caolino e zeolite o strategie di smart irrigation.
Tra queste l'applicazione dell'irrigazione climatizzante, ampiamente studiata negli anni settanta, e implementata presso UNIBO a partire dal 2022. L'articolo riporta i principali risultati ottenuti mediante l'applicazione di acqua nebulizzata sulla fascia grappolo su viti allevate sia in vaso che in campo nell'anno 2022
Climatizzazione 4.0 contro l'impatto del global warming
No full textIl Sangiovese in condizioni di stress multiplo (idrico, termico e radiativo) presenta un comportamento anisoidrico. adattandosi agli stimoli ambientali attraverso un meccanismo di controllo stomatico volti a limitare la perdita di acqua ottimizzando la fotosintesi. Quando lostress peggiora le viti vanno incontro a fenomeni di fotoinibizione con calo delle rese esacerbato da scottatura dei grappoli. Per ridurre l'effetto negativo del cambiamento climatico sono state messe a punto tecniche agronomiche quali applicazioni di caolino e zeolite o strategie di smart irrigation.
Tra queste l'applicazione dell'irrigazione climatizzante, ampiamente studiata negli anni settanta, e implementata presso UNIBO a partire dal 2022. L'articolo riporta i principali risultati ottenuti mediante l'applicazione di acqua nebulizzata sulla fascia grappolo su viti allevate sia in vaso che in campo nell'anno 2022
Predoni a casa nostra e il geografo solidale: Massimo Quaini tra terra e acqua
No full textIn accordance with the main goals of this collection of essays in honour of Massimo Quaini, the text focuses on a peculiar character of the Ligurian geographer’s sensibility, his attention to landscape protectionresearch activity developed in the context of the humanistic geography. Starting from a personal narrative based on his own reminiscences and neglected memories, the author tries to shed light on the relationships between civil commitment and cultural reflection which characterize environmental sensitivity, bringing together his interests with Quaini’s emotional geographies. Finally, some of Quaini’s everyday practicalities are highlighted as the easiest doorway to improve the cognitive procedures of cultural geography
A novel type of seaweed extract as a natural alternative to the use of iron chelates in strawberry production
No full textThe new generation of seaweed extracts, such as Actiwave®, may represent a promising strategy to
reduce the use of phytochemicals in agriculture. Actiwave® is a metabolic enhancer derived by the algae
Ascophillum nodosum, but differently from some older seaweed extracts, it has a constant and balanced
formulation containing kahydrin, alginic acid and betaines which synergistically contribute to the efficacy
of the product. Actiwave® has been proposed to increase the mineral nutrient uptake and the abiotic
stress tolerance. The aim of this work was to evaluate, under a multidisciplinary approach, the effect
of the biostimulant on the vegetative and productive performances of strawberry plants grown on a
lime inducing iron chlorosis substrate. This biostimulant increased the vegetative growth (10%), the leaf
chlorophyll content (11%), the stomata density (6.5%), the photosynthetic rate and the fruit production
(27%) and berry weight. The most significant result was the increase of the plant biomass: the shoot dry
matter was increased up to 27% and root dry matter up to 76%. Finally, preliminary experiments showed
that Actiwave® positively influenced also the root-associated microbial biocoenosis. These results are
discussed in relation to the physiological and ecological mechanisms proposed to explain the beneficial
effects of this seaweed extract. Finally, the effects of Actiwave® and sequestrene were significantly similar,
thus showing that this biostimulant may represent an environmental-friendly substitute of the iron
chelates
Il DA-meter, una strumentazione non distruttiva per determinare il momento di raccolta e lo stadio di maturazione dei frutti di Actinidia deliciosa ed Actinidia chinensi
No full textMaturity at harvest greatly affects kiwifruit storage potential and quality at consumption: if fruit are picked too early, in fact, they undergo a early softening during storage, and do not reach full flavour and aroma traits. In Actinidia deliciosa fruits, dry matter has been recently proposed as maturity index instead of soluble solid content. In Actinidia chinensis fruits, the optimal harvest time is determined on the basis of flesh colour, which is one of the quality trait the consumer appreciate the most.
In the present work, spectroscopy in the visible/near infrared (vis/NIR) wavelength range was used for the non-destructive determination of the ripening stage of fruits in Actinidia deliciosa cv Hayward and of the flesh colour of Jintao fruit (Actinidia chinensis). For this purpose, during fruit development, an index derived from the Absorbance Difference (AD index) between wavelengths near the chlorophyll-a peak was related to flesh colour, measured by using a colorimeter, and other fruit quality traits. Results obtained indicate that, although further researches are needed, this relationship could be a reliable index to monitor kiwifruit development and to assess the optimal harvest time
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